The resonant proton capture reaction ${}_{}{}^{52}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cr}$(p,γ${)}^{53}$Mn has been observed in the proton energy range 1.66 to 2.91 MeV (8.19<${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{x}}$<9.42 MeV), with a resolution of 2.5 keV FWHM. Altogether 192 resonance peaks were found, many of which were multiplets. Gamma-ray spectra and angular distributions were used to fix or limit spins for 82 of the resonances, among which are analogs of four ${}_{}{}^{53}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cr}$ states from 1.29 to 2.32 MeV.

The low-lying low-spin levels of ${}_{}{}^{75}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Se}$ have been investigated. These levels were populated via the ${}_{}{}^{75}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{As}$(p,nγ${)}^{75}$Se reaction with proton energies between 3.0 and 4.0 MeV. Angular distribution measurements have been used to assign spin values and to determine multipole mixing ratios via compound statistical theory of nuclear reactions. Lifetimes for 17 states in ${}_{}{}^{75}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Se}$ were obtained by the Doppler-shift attenuation method for the first time. For several of the transitions in ${}_{}{}^{75}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Se}$, values or limits for B(M1) and B(E2) were obtained. The negative-parity sequence of levels up to about 2.5 MeV could be predicted well on the basis of the collective model with Coriolis perturbation. An effective moment-of-inertia parameter under the effect of Coriolis perturbation is used to predict these states. The results compare quite well with experimental values.

Starting from a relativistic Lagrangian we derive a ‘‘conserving’’ approximation for the description of nuclear matter. We show this to be a nontrivial extension over the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner scheme. The saturation point of the equation of state calculated agrees very well with the empirical saturation point. The conserving character of the approach is tested by means of the Hugenholtz–van Hove theorem. We find the theorem fulfilled very well around saturation. A new value for compression modulus is derived, K=310 MeV. Also we calculate the occupation probabilities at normal nuclear matter densities by means of the spectral function. The average depletion κ of the Fermi sea is found to be κ∼0.11.

A distinctive feature of the double-beta decay signature that has been neglected in direct counting experiments is the appearance of the daughter atom. The newly created nucleus, usually being stable, is not easily detected. The atomic physics of the daughter, however, may be considerably more accommodating, especially in the case of ionized ${}_{}{}^{136}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ba}$ arising from the double-beta decay of ${}_{}{}^{136}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Xe}$. The barium ion isolated in the xenon matrix may be detectable by its laser fluorescence. Coincident detection of the ion and the beta particles could well render background nonexistent.

In this paper we wish to report on the first observation of the beta decay of the very neutron-rich nucleus ${}_{}{}^{117}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Rh}$. It was produced via 23 MeV proton induced fission of ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ using the ion guide set-up of the LISOL separator. A beta half-life of 0.44±0.04 s was measured for this nucleus from the decay of the beta-coincident K x rays of Pd. The half-lives of neutron-rich Rh isotopes are compared with the newest model calculations. Three gamma rays of 34.6, 131.7, and 481.6 keV were found to be associated with the decay of ${}_{}{}^{117}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Rh}$. Its proposed beta decay scheme and the decay of the recently discovered 19 ms isomer in ${}_{}{}^{117}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$ imply spin and parity of 11/$2^{\mathrm{-}}$ for the isomer fed directly in fission.

Electron scattering experiments on ${}_{}{}^{65}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}$ and ${}_{}{}^{71}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$ have been performed both at forward and backward angles in order to study the transition charge and current densities of the first excited state in these nuclei. The shape and strength of these densities in ${}_{}{}^{65}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}$ as well as the strong quenching of the transition charge density in ${}_{}{}^{71}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ga}$ relative to that of ${}_{}{}^{65}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}$ and to single-particle estimates can be understood as resulting from pairing correlations and core polarization. The results are also supported by particle vibration coupling model calculations.

The previously reported 330.8±1.0-keV electron line in ${\mathit{e}}^{+}$+Th interactions has been reinvestigated to confirm its existence. We have made a definite observation of the relevant peak with an energy of 330.1±0.3 keV, a fullwidth at half maximum of less than 1.7±0.7 keV and a cross section of 160(1±0.19±0.25) mb. We have assigned the generation site of the electrons to the Th target by comparing the energy shift and the shape change of the line with those of the neighboring conversion lines in the spectra taken under different scattering conditions.

Microscopic calculations of both the normal and the superdeformed rotational bands have been performed for a number of rare earth nuclei. The ‘‘universal’’ Woods-Saxon potential and the extended Strutinsky method have been used. Excited bands up to a prescribed energy limit ${\mathit{E}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ (usually 2.5 to 3.5 MeV have been calculated individually by minimizing the corresponding nuclear energies over the quadrupole and hexadecapole deformations. This turns out to be essential, when comparing with experimental results for the known discrete bands. An important influence of the superdeformed neutron (N=86) shell closure on the microscopically calculated rotational-level densities is illustrated and discussed.

The reaction ${}_{}{}^{19}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{F}$(p,α${)}^{16}$O (g.s.) is analyzed in terms of the distorted-wave Bonn approximation at energies below the Coulomb barrier. We calculate differential cross sections at 250, 350, and 450 keV as well as excitation functions between 150 and 850 keV and compare with experimental data. The astrophysical S factor is determined. We conclude that a direct reaction mechanism alone can account for the observed sub-Coulomb cross section below about 500 keV.

To investigate differences between some recent calculations on the decays of the ${\mathit{K}}^{\mathrm{-}}$p atom, we calculate the pionic decays ${\mathit{K}}^{\mathrm{-}}$p→Λ${\mathrm{\pi }}^0$, ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{+}$${\mathrm{\pi }}^{\mathrm{-}}$, ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^0$${\mathrm{\pi }}^0$, and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{\mathrm{-}}$${\mathrm{\pi }}^{+}$ in an isobar model and compare them with experimental rates determined from measured branching ratios together with the imaginary part of the K¯N scattering amplitude. The comparison shows that the coupling constants at the strong-interaction vertices are reduced significantly from the on-shell values. These coupling constants are then applied to an isobar-model calculation of the radiative transition rates. Comparing these with results from a recent experiment gives values for the radiative decay widths of the Λ(1405): ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{}\left(1405\right)\mathrm{}\to \mathrm{\Lambda }\gamma }$=27±8 keV and ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{}\left(1405\right)\mathrm{}\to \mathrm{\Sigma }}^0$γ=10±4 or 23±7 keV.

Results are presented of zero-parameter calculations of antiproton-induced elastic and inelastic scattering from ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$, ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$, and ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ for five kinetic energies from 0.23 to 1.83 GeV. The Glauber model is employed with microscopic shell-model wave functions, Woods-Saxon single-particle wave functions, and experimental p¯N amplitudes.

The cross sections for the weak proton capture reactions p+p→d+${\mathit{e}}^{+}$+${\nu }_{\mathit{e}}$ and p${+}^3$He${\to }^4$He+${\mathit{e}}^{+}$+${\nu }_{\mathit{e}}$ have been calculated with realistic wave functions determined by using the Argonne ${\mathit{v}}_{14}$ nucleon-nucleon interaction. To minimize the uncertainty in the axial exchange current operator, its matrix element has been adjusted so as to reproduce the measured Gamow-Teller matrix element for β decay of tritium. The exchange current contribution enhances the calculated rate of the pp capture reaction by 1.5% and decreases that of the ${\mathit{p}}^3$He reaction by almost a factor of 5.

The γ-ray and internal conversion electron spectra of the ${}_{}{}^{116}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$(p,nγ${)}^{116}$Sb reaction have been measured at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{p}}$=6.3, 6.7, and 7.2 MeV bombarding energies with Ge(HP), Ge(HP,LEPS) γ and superconducting magnetic lens plus Si(Li) electron spectrometers. The energies and relative intensities of 90 ${}_{}{}^{116}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sb}$ γ rays, as well as internal conversion coefficients of 21 ${}_{}{}^{116}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sb}$ transitions have been determined. Angular distribution data have been obtained for 37 γ rays. A more complete level scheme of ${}_{}{}^{116}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sb}$ has been deduced, which contains 38 levels below 1500 keV excitation energy. Multipolarities of transitions and γ-ray branching ratios have been deduced. Calculated Hauser-Feshbach (p,n) cross sections have been compared with experimental values. Level spins and parities have been determined on the basis of the Hauser-Feshbach analysis, internal conversion coefficients, and γ-ray angular distribution data. The energies of several ${}_{}{}^{116}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sb}$ proton-neutron multiplets have been calculated using the parabolic rule. Members of different multiplets have been identified.

The γ-ray and internal conversion electron spectra of the ${}_{}{}^{113}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{In}$(α,nγ${)}^{116}$Sb reaction have been measured at 14.5 and 16.0 MeV bombarding α-particle energies with Ge(HP) γ and superconducting magnetic lens plus Si(Li) electron spectrometers. The energies and relative intensities of 189 ${}_{}{}^{116}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sb}$ γ rays (including 117 new ones), as well as internal conversion coefficients of 59 ${}_{}{}^{116}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sb}$ transitions, have been determined. γγ coincidences have also been measured at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{\alpha }}$=16 MeV. Both low-spin and high-spin level schemes have been deduced and 32 new levels have been identified. Multipolarities of transitions and γ-ray branching ratios have been determined. The energy spectrum and electromagnetic properties have been calculated in the interacting-boson-fermion-fermion model (IBFFM), and satisfactory agreement between the experimental and theoretical results has been obtained.

The neutron dispersive optical model potential that was developed previously from an analysis of extensive data on the neutron${\mathrm{-}}^{40}$Ca system is adapted to the neutron${\mathrm{-}}^{40}$Ar system by adjusting the central depth of the local equivalent of the Hartree-Fock-type potential. The n${\mathrm{-}}^{40}$Ar data for this adjustment are the total cross section for 11<E<40 MeV and the centroid energy for the observed single-particle and single-hole states of the valence shells. The resulting potential for n${\mathrm{-}}^{40}$Ar yields good predictions for the particle-hole gap for the valence shells and for the energy-averaged s-wave and p-wave scattering functions in the resonance region. However, it gives a poor prediction for the total cross section from 2 to 11 MeV. A similar discrepancy was observed earlier for ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$. A parity dependence in the surface imaginary potential is suggested from a more careful examination of the s-wave and p-wave scattering functions for ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$; that parity dependence gives a good prediction of the total cross section for 2 to 11 MeV.

High-spin states in ${}_{}{}^{73}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Se}$ were populated via the fusion-evaporation reaction ${}_{}{}^{63}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cu}$${(}^{16}$O,αpn${)}^{73}$Se at a beam energy of 69 MeV. Several new levels were found in bands of both negative and positive parity. The yrast band of ${}_{}{}^{73}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Se}$ shows evidence of shape coexistence at low spin. The results of cranked, deformed Woods-Saxon shell-model calculations with self-consistent pairing are compared to the data.

Mass-separated sources of ${}_{}{}^{223}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ac}$ (separated as ${\mathrm{AcF}}_2^{+}$) were used to study the level structure of ${}_{}{}^{219}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fr}$ following alpha decay. The levels in ${}_{}{}^{219}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fr}$ are interpreted in terms of K=1/$2^{\pm }$, 3/$2^{\pm }$, and 5/$2^{\pm }$ parity doublet bands which have a natural theoretical explanation in terms of reflection asymmetric models. The 9/$2^{\mathrm{-}}$ ground-state member of the K=1/$2^{\mathrm{-}}$ band in ${}_{}{}^{219}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fr}$ can be understood in terms of both reflection asymmetry and the collapse of the quadrupole-octupole Nilsson orbitals towards the ${\mathit{h}}_{9/2}$ orbitals of spherical symmetry. Comparison of the K=1/$2^{\mathrm{-}}$ ground-state bands in ${}_{}{}^{219}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fr}$ and ${}_{}{}^{221}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fr}$ reveals the details of this transformation. Theoretical analysis of the microscopic structure of several of the positive-parity bands indicates the presence of important Nilsson configurations arising from the shell below.

We studied the energy dependence of the excitation of the ‘‘1ħω,’’ ${\mathit{J}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}$=$6^{\mathrm{-}}$, state in the ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$(p,n${)}^{28}$P(4.95 MeV) reaction and the ‘‘0ħω,’’ ${\mathit{J}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}$=$9^{+}$, state in the ${}_{}{}^{88}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sr}$(p,n${)}^{88}$Y(1.48 MeV) reaction at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{p}}$=100, 200, 300, and 400 MeV. Differential cross sections for these reactions were measured and compared to distorted-wave impulse-approximation (DWIA) calculations. The ratio of the ${}_{}{}^{88}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sr}$ to the ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ DWIA normalizations is independent of beam energy, indicating that the systematic difference in DWIA normalizations reported earlier between 0ħω and 1ħω stretched states is a nuclear-structure effect. Additionally the DWIA normalization for each reaction is independent of the beam energy indicating that the necessary ingredients for DWIA calculations to describe these transitions consistently are well understood.

Inelastic proton scattering has been used to measure the dσ/dΩ and ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$ angular distributions for several low-lying collective states in ${}_{}{}^{194,196}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pt}$ using 647 MeV polarized protons with special emphasis on the excitation of the $4^{+}$ states below 2 MeV. The data have been analyzed in the framework of the coupled-channels scheme using the program ecis. Large E4 transition strengths to the $4^{+}$ states in both nuclei are found in sharp contrast with the predictions of the interacting boson model with only s (L=0) and d (L=2) bosons. It is found that although the E2 properties of these nuclei are consistent with the interacting boson model (sd) predictions, higher degrees of freedom, e.g., g (L=4) bosons, need to be invoked in order to get a reasonable agreement with the measured E4 properties.

A new momentum-space method is developed for calculation of the strong-interaction shifts and widths in pionic atoms. The singularity connected with the Coulomb potential is treated by using the Vincent and Phatak prescription. The nuclear and atomic distances are separated in our scheme and this secures numerical stability of the calculation. The latter property makes the method a useful alternative to the earlier algorithms. Sample results for a series of light pionic atoms are shown.