Main properties of isoscalar giant multipole resonances (up to $L=3$), including $L=0\mathrm{and}2$ overtones, in medium-mass closed-shell nuclei are described within the semimicroscopic particle-hole dispersive optical model. Main properties are characterized by the energy-averaged strength distribution, projected (one-body) transition density, and probabilities of direct one-nucleon decay. Calculation results obtained for characteristics of the mentioned resonances in the ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$, ${}^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$, and ${}^{132}\mathrm{Sn}$ nuclei are compared with available experimental data.

The level structure of ${}^{36}\mathrm{Al}$ has been studied via $\beta$ decay of ${}^{36}\mathrm{Mg}$ at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) and the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). A long-lived isomer in ${}^{36}\mathrm{Al}$ was identified which decays by $\beta$ to an excited state of ${}^{36}\mathrm{Si}$. The ground state and the isomeric state of ${}^{36}\mathrm{Al}$ were found to populate different energy levels of ${}^{36}\mathrm{Si}$. The results from the two data sets in the present work complement each other. Configuration interaction calculations performed with the FSU shell-model Hamiltonians provide reasonable descriptions to the experimental observations and offer insight into future improvements of the theoretical interpretation.

We show that collective multiphonon states in atomic nuclei emerge at high excitation energies when quantum fluctuations in the collective space are included beyond the independent-particle approximation. The quadrupole response of a nucleus is studied using an extension of the nuclear time-dependent density-functional theory that mixes several many-body trajectories. While a single trajectory can account for the excitation of the first collective quantum, the second and the third quanta emerge due to the interference between trajectories. The collective spectrum, found as nearly harmonic, is in excellent agreement with the experimentally observed three quanta of the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance in ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$. This study offers guidance for multiphonon searches in other self-bound systems and demonstrates the resistance to internal excitation of finite Fermi liquids.

The ${}^{236}\mathrm{U}$ fission cross section and the angular distributions of fragments from fission of ${}^{235}\mathrm{U}$ and ${}^{236}\mathrm{U}$ were measured for incident neutron energies from 0.3 to 500 MeV on the time-of-flight spectrometer of the neutron complex GNEIS at the NRC “Kurchatov Institute”–PNPI. Fission fragments were registered using position-sensitive low-pressure multiwire counters. In the neutron energy range above 20 MeV, the angular distributions of ${}^{236}\mathrm{U}$ fission fragments were measured for the first time. The fission cross section of ${}^{236}\mathrm{U}(n,f)$ was measured relative to the fission cross section of ${}^{235}\mathrm{U}(n,f)$, which is an accepted international standard. The obtained data are compared with the results of other experimental works. Theoretical calculations of the fission cross section and the anisotropy of angular distribution of fission fragments for the ${}^{236}\mathrm{U}(n,f)$ reaction performed within the framework of our approach are presented and discussed.

Transverse momentum ($p_{\perp }$) generation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is sensitive to the initial geometry and the final-state bulk evolution. We demonstrate with hydrodynamic calculations that the mean $p_{\perp }$ ratio ($R_{\langle p_{\perp }\rangle }$) between the highly similar isobar ${}_{44}{}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}+{}_{44}{}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}$ and ${}_{40}{}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}+{}_{40}{}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$ collisions is insensitive to the bulk evolution and remains sensitive to the small difference in the initial nuclear structure (neutron skin and deformation) between the Ru and Zr nuclei. We further find that nuclear deformation can produce an anticorrelation between $R_{\langle p_{\perp }\rangle }$ and eccentricity (or elliptic flow) in central collisions. These findings suggest that the $R_{\langle p_{\perp }\rangle }$ between the isobar systems can be used to measure the neutron skin thickness and deformation parameters, which can, in turn, constrain the nuclear symmetry energy slope parameter.

Background: Transfer reactions induced by heavy ions have been explored to study the role of pairing in the two-nucleon transfers. However, many reaction channels are often open and couplings between them must be considered. Some of these couplings are effectively taken by suitable optical potentials whereas other channels are explicitly considered into the coupling scheme. The interplay between optical potentials and coupling schemes may lead to ambiguities in the interpretation of transfer mechanisms.

Purpose: Relevant parameters in the calculations can be constrained by several reactions measured under the same experimental conditions. This may lead to a unified theoretical reaction scheme that can be applied to properly judge the role of sequential and simultaneous processes in the two-nucleon transfers.

Methods: In this work we analyze the one-neutron transfer reactions to ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ and ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ induced by (${}^{16}\mathrm{O},{}^{15}\mathrm{O}$) at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=240$ MeV. The choice of targets is of particular interest: within the weak coupling model, the ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ can be interpreted as a proton hole coupled to the ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ core. The parameters of the optical potentials to describe the elastic and inelastic scattering in these reactions have been studied in a previous publication. Here, we focus on the reaction and nuclear structure models to describe the experimental cross sections. We performed coupled channel Born approximation (CCBA) and coupled reaction channels (CRC) using spectroscopic amplitudes obtained from shell model with three different interactions and single-particle model spaces.

Results: The optical potentials and coupling schemes provide a good description of the angular distributions of the cross sections, in which the CRC calculations give a slightly better agreement with experimental than the CCBA one. We compare CRC calculations using spectroscopic amplitudes from three different shell-model interactions. They all give a reasonable description of the experimental data except for the transfer that populates the $7/2_1^{-}$ state in ${}^{29}\mathrm{Si}$. This requires a $1f_{7/2}$ single-particle state, present only in the model space for one of the considered interactions.

Conclusions: Within the same theoretical methodology, we are able to achieve an overall good description of the experimental data for one-neutron transfer in the ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}({}^{16}\mathrm{O},{}^{15}\mathrm{O}){}^{28}\mathrm{Al}$ and ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si}({}^{16}\mathrm{O},{}^{15}\mathrm{O}){}^{29}\mathrm{Si}$ at 240 MeV. This methodology will be adopted to study the proton transfer channels in these systems in a future work.

The widespread notion that jets quenched in a quark-gluon-plasma (QGP) are similar in their parton flavor composition to jets in vacuum is critically examined. We demonstrate that while the soft to semihard (low to intermediate transverse momentum $p_T$) sector of vacuum jets are predominantly bosonic i.e., composed of gluons, sufficiently quenched jets can have an intermediate momentum sector that is predominantly fermionic, dominated by quarks and antiquarks. We demonstrate, using leading-order perturbative QCD processes, that the rate of flavor conversion from a gluon traversing the QGP as part of a jet, to a quark or antiquark, versus the reverse process, grows steadily with falling $p_T$. Simple diagrammatic estimates are followed by a variety of realistic simulations in static media, which demonstrate qualitatively similar yet quantitatively different fermion enhancements. The relation of this increase in flavor to the observed baryon enhancement at intermediate $p_T$ is studied in a fully realistic simulation.

Motivated by a recent high-energy electron and ${}^3\mathrm{H}$ and ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ nuclei scattering experiment at Jefferson Lab [S. Li et al., Nature (London) 609, 41 (2022)], the short-range correlations (SRCs) between nucleon pairs for three-nucleon systems are microscopically studied using a realistic $NN$ two-body interaction and a two-Gaussian type $NNN$ three-body interaction. The wave functions of both ${}^3\mathrm{H}$ and ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ are obtained by solving three-body Schrödinger equations using the Gaussian expansion method (GEM). The differences of one-nucleon and nucleon-nucleon momentum distributions between ${}^3\mathrm{H}$ and ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ are analyzed in detail. The results show that the percentages of $pn$-SRC pairs are significantly enhanced compared with those of $nn\left(pp\right)$-SRC ones in ${}^3\mathrm{H}$ and ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ nuclei, which is consistent with the experimental findings.

$\alpha$ decay serves as an important probe for the studies of unstable nuclei. This paper proposes an approach combining the sophisticated $\alpha$-decay model and Bayesian neural network (BNN) to improve the prediction accuracy of $\alpha$-decay half-lives. The global and extrapolated analyses show that the BNN method can improve the description of model-based predictions of $\alpha$ decay. In our calculation, the experimental decay energies $Q_{\alpha }$ are used to obtain the accurate $\alpha$-decay penetration probability, which indicates that the improvements come from the corrections of $\alpha$-cluster preformation factors. Further analyzing $\alpha$-decay half-lives of nuclide chains shows that the shell structure effect can be well introduced into estimations of $\alpha$-cluster preformation factors by utilizing the BNN. The studies of this paper provide an effective way to predict the $\alpha$-decay half-lives of unknown nuclei.

Ordinary muon capture (OMC) rates are valuable for studying the neutrino nuclear responses of astrophysical antineutrinos and double-$\beta$ decays (DBDs). Currently, there is interest in experimental studies of the OMC rates and their mass number ($A$) dependence for ${}^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$ and natural Mo. To obtain these rates, a negative muon beam from the MuSIC facility at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University was utilized. The half-lives of trapped muons were measured by using a muon stopping signal from a scintillation counter and the time distribution of the OMC nuclear gamma rays and the muon-decay electrons by Ge detectors. The present measurements yielded OMC rates for enriched and natural molybdenum of $\mathrm{\Lambda }\left({}^{100}\mathrm{Mo}\right)=(7.07\pm 0.32)\times {10}^6{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ and $\mathrm{\Lambda }\left({}^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{Mo}\right)=(9.66\pm 0.44)\times {10}^6{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$, respectively. The observed OMC rate for ${}^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$ is approximately 27% smaller than that for natural Mo due to the blocking effect of the excess neutrons on the proton-to-neutron transformation in OMC. The present experimental observation is consistent with the Goulard-Primakoff (GP) and Primakoff (P) empirical equations. The impacts of the present results on the astro-antineutrinos and double-$\beta$ decays are discussed.

In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, a global spin polarization, $P_{\mathrm{H}}$, of $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ and $\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}$ hyperons along the direction of the system angular momentum was discovered and measured across a broad range of collision energies and demonstrated a trend of increasing $P_{\mathrm{H}}$ with decreasing $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$. A splitting between $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ and $\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}$ polarization may be possible due to their different magnetic moments in a late-stage magnetic field sustained by the quark-gluon plasma which is formed in the collision. The results presented in this study find no significant splitting at the collision energies of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=19.6$ and 27 GeV in the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions Beam Energy Scan Phase II using the STAR detector, with an upper limit of $P_{\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}}-P_{\mathrm{\Lambda }}<0.24$% and $P_{\overline{\mathrm{\Lambda }}}-P_{\mathrm{\Lambda }}<0.35$%, respectively, at a 95% confidence level. We derive an upper limit on the naive extraction of the late-stage magnetic field of $B<9.4\times {10}^{12}$ T and $B<1.4\times {10}^{13}$ T at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=19.6$ and 27 GeV, respectively, although more thorough derivations are needed. Differential measurements of $P_{\mathrm{H}}$ were performed with respect to collision centrality, transverse momentum, and rapidity. With our current acceptance of $\left|y\right|<1$ and uncertainties, we observe no dependence on transverse momentum and rapidity in this analysis. These results challenge multiple existing model calculations following a variety of different assumptions which have each predicted a strong dependence on rapidity in this collision-energy range.

We study the role of temperature and magnetic field on the equation of state and macroscopic properties of Bose-Einstein condensate stars. These compact objects are composed of a condensed gas of interacting neutral vector bosons coupled to a uniform and constant magnetic field. We found that the main consequence of a finite temperature in the magnetized equations of state is to increase the inner pressure of the star. As a consequence, magnetized hot Bose-Einstein condensate stars are larger and heavier than their zero-temperature counterparts. However, the maximum masses obtained by the model remain almost unchanged, and the magnetic deformation of the star increases with the temperature. Besides, increasing the temperature reduces the number of stable stars, an effect that the magnetic field enhances. The implications of our results for the star's evolution, compactness, redshift, and mass quadrupolar moment are also analyzed.

A new energy-dependent fit strategy, independent of any specific microscopic theory, is applied to kaon photoproduction data with center-of-mass energies ranging from 1625 MeV to 2296 MeV. Experimental data are fitted in terms of a modified Laurent expansion (Laurent+Pietarinen expansion) which previously has been successfully applied to multipoles. The present aim is to extract resonance pole parameters directly from the data, rather than from sets of multipoles. A constrained single-energy fit is then used to search for missing structures. In this proof-of-principle study, the data are well described by the initial $\mathrm{L}+\mathrm{P}$ fit, and it is shown that only a moderate amount of structure, mostly in higher multipoles, is missing from the original fit. Problems due to an unmeasurable overall phase, plaguing single-channel multipole analyses, are mitigated by implementing a form of phase limitation, fixing the initial values of fit parameters using a multichannel analysis.

The neutron-induced fission cross section of ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}$ has been measured at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF located at CERN. The experiment was performed at the experimental area EAR-1 with a neutron flight path of 185 m, using Micromegas detectors for the detection of the fission fragments. The ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}(n,f)$ cross section was determined relative to the ${}^{235}\mathrm{U}(n,f)$ one, covering the energy range from the fission threshold up to 400 MeV. The results from the present work are compared with existing cross-section datasets and the observed discrepancies are discussed and analyzed. Finally, using the code empire 3.2.3 a theoretical study, based on the statistical model, was performed leading to a satisfactory reproduction of the experimental results with the proper tuning of the respective parameters, while for incident neutron energy beyond 200 MeV the fission of ${}^{230}\mathrm{Th}$ was described by Monte Carlo simulations.

This study focuses on the deuteron-induced inclusive breakup reaction and investigates the $(d,pX)$ and $(d,nX)$ channels for light and medium mass nuclei. To study the double differential cross section of nonelastic breakup, we employed the models of Ichimura, Austern, and Vincent (IAV) [Phys. Rev. C 32, 431 (1985)] and the Glauber model with the quantum $S$ matrix [Phys. Rev. C 80, 014604 (2009)], and compared the results for various reaction systems. Our analysis indicates that the Glauber model combined with the quantum $S$ matrix yields good agreement with the IAV model in predicting the spectra of the deuteron-induced inclusive breakup cross section. Moreover, both models accurately predict the experimental data of light and medium mass targets.

New high-statistics total cross-section data for $\gamma p\to J/\psi p$ from the gluonic excitation (GlueX) experiment are fitted in a search for the exotic $P_c{\left(4312\right)}^{+}$ state observed by the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) Collaboration. The integrated luminosity of this GlueX experiment was about 320 ${\mathrm{pb}}^{-1}$. The fits show that destructive interference involving an $S$-wave resonance and associated nonresonance background produces a sharp dip structure about 77 MeV below the LHCb mass, in the same location as a similar structure is seen in the data. Limitations of the employed model and the need for improved statistics are discussed.

The low-spin structure of the ${}^{95}\mathrm{Zr}$ nucleus was investigated at Institut Laue-Langevin (Grenoble) by employing three complementary methods: Either cold-neutron capture on ${}^{94}\mathrm{Zr}$ or cold-neutron-induced fission of ${}^{235}\mathrm{U}$, both using the highly efficient EXILL array of high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, or $\beta$ decay of mass-separated ${}^{95}\mathrm{Y}$ ions at the focal point of the Lohengrin fission-fragment separator. Together 21 new levels and 44 new transitions were placed in the level scheme. Spin-parity assignments to most of the levels in ${}^{95}\mathrm{Zr}$ were significantly improved.

In the present work, the cluster radioactivity preformation probability $P_c$ in the scheme of $N_p{N}_n$ for the effective number of the valence particles (holes) in trans-lead nuclei has been systematically investigated. This quantity has been explored in the simplified parametrization of $N_p{N}_n$ as well as the multiplication $N_p{N}_{n}I$ of this product with the isospin asymmetry $I$. The calculations for $P_c$ are both performed in microscopic and model-dependent way. Within the microscopic approach, based on our previous work [Chin. Phys. C 47, 014101 (2023)], $P_c$ is calculated in cluster formation model combined with the exponential relationship of $P_c$ to the $\alpha$ decay preformation probability $P_{\alpha }$ when the mass number of the emitted cluster $A_c\le$ 28. While $A_c\ge$ 28, $P_c$ is obtained through the charge-number dependence of $P_c$ on the decay products proposed by Ren et al. [Phys. Rev. C 70, 034304 (2004)]. In the model-dependent approach, $P_c$ is extracted through the ratios from calculated cluster radioactivity half-lives in the framework of unified fission model proposed by Dong et al. [Eur. Phys. J. A 41, 197 (2009)] to experimental ones. Both of the results show $P_c$ in logarithmic form are linear to $N_p{N}_n$ as well as $N_p{N}_{n}I$. For comparison, the parent-mass-number dependence analytical formula as well as the model proposed by Wei and Zhang [Phys. Rev. C 96, 021601(R) (2017)] are also used. Furthermore, the preformation mechanic for cluster radioactivity has also been discussed.

Small-angle differential cross sections of proton elastic scattering off ${}^{78}\mathrm{Kr}$ with a collision energy of 152.7 MeV/u were measured at the experimental Cooler Storage Ring of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR). Low energy recoil protons from the elastic scattering were counted by a silicon-strip detector to determine relative differential cross sections. A model-dependent root-mean-square matter radius of 4.16(12) fm for the ${}^{78}\mathrm{Kr}$ nucleus was deduced by employing the Glauber model. Compared to the proton radius of 4.13 fm for ${}^{78}\mathrm{Kr}$, our center value of matter radius is slightly larger. This finding in ${}^{78}\mathrm{Kr}$ is opposite to the known results of ${}^{76,80}\mathrm{Kr}$, where the matter radii are smaller than the corresponding proton radii. However, considering the relatively large radius error of ${}^{78}\mathrm{Kr}$, the difference is not statistically significant, and further experiments are necessary.