We have recently shown, assuming nonrelativistic kinematics, that the parametrized elastic charge form factor data for an N-particle system may be used to determine the underlying two-particle interaction. We now extend the validity of our formalism, using the prescription of Mitra and Kumari, to include relativistic kinematics, and apply it to a constituent quark model of the proton. We show analytically that, for a dipole fit to the form factor, the essential features of the quark-quark potential do not depend on the form of the kinematics. This provides an explanation of our earlier somewhat paradoxical finding that the small r singularity in the potential, which is predicted by first order QCD, is reproduced by a totally nonrelativistic inversion of the form factor data.

The role of the proton-neutron part of the real quadrupole-quadrupole interaction in driving the lowest J=0 eigenstate into the state with highest possible SU(3) symmetry is investigated for the complete generalized seniority zero basis of a ten-proton plus fourteen-neutron system of the fermion dynamical symmetry model.

Recently, in a paper by Moon Hoe Cha [Phys. Rev. C 46, 1026 (1992)], the modified Glauber model I was refined by taking into account the deflection effect of the trajectory due to real nuclear potential, in addition to the Coulomb effect. This refined model, also called modified Glauber model II, has been used in the study of the elastic scattering of the heavy-ion systems ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$${+}^{12}$C and ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$${+}^{28}$Si at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{lab}}$=1503 MeV. For these two systems, there is a prediction of enhancement of the reaction cross section. However, our numerical investigations show that, for many other heavy-ion systems, at low energies, this model fails to properly predict the reaction cross section. Some other weaknesses of the model are also described.

It is pointed out that the interpretation offered by the authors is not new. Essentially the same interpretation was published previously. Also, their statement concerning the lack of success of previous theories is questioned.

A recent paper by Casten and von Brentano [Phys. Rev. C 50, R2180 (1994)] has proposed on the basis of interacting-boson approximation calculations that the lowest excited ${\mathit{K}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}$=$0^{+}$ states of deformed nuclei should be given a new interpretation as phonon excitations based on the gamma vibrations. The main argument for this reinterpretation is the observation of large E2 strengths coupling the ${\mathit{K}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}$=$0^{+}$ and gamma bands in many nuclei. However, these strengths could arise from rather minor double-γ-phonon admixtures in the ${\mathit{K}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}$=$0^{+}$ bands, and the dominant components of these complex states could have a quite different character.

This is a reply to the preceding Comments.

The possible source of discrepancies between the high spin structure of the negative parity band in ${}_{}{}^{84}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sr}$ reported by Garcia Bermudez et al. [Phys. Rev. C 49, 3309 (1994)] on the high spin level structure of ${}_{}{}^{84}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sr}$ and by Chattopadhyay et al. [Phys. Rev. C 50, 93 (1994)] has been discussed.

The yrast bands of neutron-deficient ${}_{}{}^{117}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{I}$ and ${}_{}{}^{116}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Xe}$ have been extended to I∼34ħ, and ${}_{}{}^{117,118}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Xe}$ to I∼46ħ, using highfold γ-ray coincidence data collected with the Eurogam II spectrometer. Systematic quasiparticle alignment frequencies are discussed and compared to theoretical cranked Woods-Saxon calculations. The first pair alignment is attributed to ${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$ protons despite theoretical expectations for ${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$ neutron alignment; the neutron alignment appears significantly delayed. At higher spins, the ${}_{}{}^{117}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{I}$ and ${}_{}{}^{117}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Xe}$ isobars exhibit contrasting forms of band termination.

Differential and total cross sections for ${\mathrm{\pi }}^{+}$ absorption on ${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$ leading to the pp${+}^4$${\mathrm{He}}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}}$ final state are presented at incident pion energies of 100 and 165 MeV. The narrow width of the pp angular correlation is observed and reported.

A detailed study of low-energy states in ${}_{}{}^{187}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Au}$, populated by ${}_{}{}^{187\mathit{m},\mathit{g}}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Hg}$ β decay and using γ-γ and γ-e coincidence spectroscopy, has revealed two negative-parity band structures with identical spins, nearly identical relative energies, and electric monopole (E0) transitions connecting the favored members. These bands can be understood as π${\mathit{h}}_{9/2}$ and π${\mathit{f}}_{7/2}$ intruders coupled to coexisting prolate or near-prolate (γ≤20°) cores. We propose that the diabatic configurations defining these cores differ by their numbers of N=5 intruder protons.

The first measurements of ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{NN}}$(0°) for (p→,n→) reactions at 295 MeV yield large negative values up to 50 MeV excitation for the ${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$${,}^{11}$B${,}^{12}$C, ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$(p→,n→) reactions, suggesting much stronger spin-flip strength than observed at lower bombarding energies. DWIA calculations using the Franey and Love (FL) 270 MeV interaction reproduce differential cross sections and ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{NN}}$(0°) values, while the FL 325 MeV interaction yield ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{NN}}$(0°) values less negative than the experimental values, suggesting that its exchange tensor part is too strong at large momentum transfer (Q≃3.4 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\mathrm{-}1}$).

Proton particle-hole excitations across the Z=50 closed shell are responsible for inducing low-lying prolate deformation in even${\mathrm{-}}_{50}$Sn nuclei. Although related rotational bands have been studied in odd${\mathrm{-}}_{51}$Sb isotopes involving the coupling of a valence proton, none had been found in odd${\mathrm{-}}_{50}$Sn nuclei. Using the ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$${(}^{19}$F,3pn) reaction, a decoupled band has been observed in ${}_{}{}^{111}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$ extending to a spin-parity of (67/$2^{\mathrm{-}}$) and feeding out at 23/$2^{\mathrm{-}}$ into spherical states. This band is interpreted as the ν${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$ valence orbital coupled to the deformed [(π${\mathit{g}}_{7/2}$${)}^2$⊗(π${\mathit{g}}_{9/2}$${)}^{\mathrm{-}2}$] ${}_{}{}^{110}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$ core. The extracted band properties are compared to those in ${}_{}{}^{111}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sb}$ with the same deformed core.

The role of hexadecapole correlations in the lowest superdeformed band of ${}_{}{}^{194}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Hg}$ is studied by self-consistent mean field methods. The generator coordinate method with particle number projection has been applied using Hartree-Fock wave functions defined along three different hexadecapole paths. In all cases, the ground state is not significantly affected by hexadecapole correlations and the energies of the corresponding first excited hexadecapole vibrational states lie high in energy. The effect of rotation is investigated with the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov method and a zero range density-dependent pairing interaction.

The calculation within the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model shows that there are fast E1 and M1 transitions with energy around 2.5 MeV between large components of wave functions differing by the octupole and quadrupole phonon. The strong 2.5 MeV peak was observed in the first-generation γ-ray spectra in the two-step cascades following thermal-neutron capture and in the ${}_{}{}^{163}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Dy}$${(}^3$He,α) reaction at several excitation energies. These experimental data indicate relatively large many-phonon components of the wave functions and the possibility of excitation energy of less than 8 MeV order in well-deformed nuclei.

We have analyzed the preliminary results for the single photon spectrum, obtained by the WA80 Collaboration for 200A GeV S+Au collisions in a conventional hot hadronic gas model. It was seen that photon spectra depend sensitively on the value of the thermalization time. It is also affected greatly by the dissipative effects like viscosity. Experimental data are well described by the viscous hadron gas model with initial time of 5 fm. If one takes into account that experimental pion multiplicity may be uncertain by 15%, then hadron gas with viscosity gives excellent description of the data for initial time of 3 fm.

We consider the problem whether the rescattering mechanism with ${\mathit{K}}^{\mathrm{*}}$K¯ and K${\mathrm{¯}}^{\mathrm{*}}$K intermediate states, which qualitatively explains the large Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule violation in the reaction p¯p→φ${\mathrm{\pi }}^0$ when the p¯p system annihilates from the S state of the hydrogenlike p¯p atom, is compatible with the fact that this reaction is not seen in the annihilation from the P state.

The πN→ηN and ηN→ηN partial-wave T matrices for the eight lowest partial waves have been obtained in a three-coupled-channel model with unitarity manifestly imposed. The two physical channels are πN and ηN, and the third channel, ππN is an effective, but unphysical two-body channel which represents all remaining processes. The πN elastic phase shifts and the weighted data base of the πN→ηN total and differential cross sections are chosen as the input for the fitting procedure. A model containing a single resonance in each of the three partial waves that dominates the η production at lower energies is compared with previous analyses, based on similar assumptions. A multiresonance coupled-channel model is introduced which significantly improves the agreement with all input data. Our results are compared with a complementary multiresonance coupled-channel analysis that is constrained with elastic and continuum production channels. The inclusion of the fourth ${\mathit{P}}_{11}$ resonance in the 1440–2200 MeV region further improves the agreement between the analysis and the data.

We present a new method, based on the hypervirial operator, for calculating expectation values of many-body Hamiltonians for local velocity-independent potentials. Our approach enables us to calculate the contributions of different components of an interaction [e.g., tensor, one pion exchange part (OPEP)] to the binding energy when all components are acting. In particular, using the integro-differential equation approach we investigate the contributions of different components of realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials to the triton and α particle ground-state binding energies. Although the tensor force contributes the most to the expectation value of the potential energy, we find that its overall contribution to the binding energy is much reduced by its large contribution to the expectation value of the kinetic energy.

The proton-proton bremsstrahlung is investigated within a coupled-channel model with the Δ degree of freedom. The model is consistent with the NN scattering up to 1 GeV and the γNΔ vertex determined in the study of pion photoproduction reaction. It is found that the Δ excitation can significantly improve the agreements with the pp→ppγ at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{lab}}$=280 MeV. Predictions at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{lab}}$=550 and 800 MeV are presented for future experimental tests.