We calculate the beam ($B_n$) and target ($A_n$) normal single-spin asymmetries in electron–proton elastic scattering from two-photon exchange amplitudes with resonance intermediate states of spin-parity $1/2^{\pm }$ and $3/2^{\pm }$ and mass $W\lesssim 1.8$ GeV. The latest CLAS exclusive meson electroproduction data are used as input for the transition amplitudes from the proton to the excited resonance states. For $B_n$, the spin 3/2 resonances dominate by an order of magnitude over the spin 1/2 states. In general we observe cancellations between the negative contributions of the $\mathrm{\Delta }\left(1232\right)$ and $N\left(1520\right)$ across both beam energy and scattering angle, and the positive contributions of the $\mathrm{\Delta }\left(1700\right)$ and $N\left(1720\right)$, leading to a rather large overall uncertainty band in the total $B_n$. At forward angles and beam energies $E_{\text{lab}}<1$ GeV, where the $\mathrm{\Delta }\left(1232\right)$ dominates, the calculated $B_n$ tend to overshoot the A4 and SAMPLE data. The calculated $B_n$ compare well with the measured values from the A4 and $Q_{\text{weak}}$ experiments with $E_{\text{lab}}>1$ GeV.

The correlations between different moments of two flow amplitudes, extracted with the recently developed asymmetric cumulants, are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02\text{TeV}$ recorded by the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The magnitudes of the measured observables show a dependence on the different moments as well as on the collision centrality, indicating the presence of nonlinear response in all even moments up to the eighth. Furthermore, the higher-order asymmetric cumulants show different signatures than the symmetric and lower-order asymmetric cumulants. Comparisons with state-of-the-art event generators using two different parametrizations obtained from Bayesian optimization show differences between data and simulations in many of the studied observables, indicating a need for further tuning of the models behind those event generators. These results provide new and independent constraints on the initial conditions and transport properties of the system created in heavy-ion collisions.

A clear connection can be established between properties of nuclear matter and finite-nuclei observables, such as the correlation between the slope of the symmetry energy and the dipole polarizability, or between compressibility and the isoscalar monopole giant resonance excitation energy. Establishing a connection between realistic atomic nuclei and an idealized infinite nuclear matter leads to a better understanding of underlying physical mechanisms that govern nuclear dynamics. In this work, we aim to study the dependence of the binding energies and related quantities (e.g., location of drip lines, the total number of bound even-even nuclei) on the symmetry energy $S_2\left(\rho \right)$. The properties of finite nuclei are calculated by employing the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov model, assuming even-even axial and reflection symmetric nuclei. Calculations are performed by employing two families of relativistic energy density functionals, based on different effective Lagrangians, constrained to a specific symmetry energy at the saturation density $J$ within the interval of 30–36 MeV. Nuclear binding energies and related quantities of bound nuclei are calculated between $8\le Z\le 104$ from the two-proton to the two-neutron drip line. As the neutron drip line is approached, the interactions with stiffer $J$ tend to predict more bound nuclei, resulting in a systematic shift of the two-neutron drip line towards more neutron-rich nuclei. Consequentially, a correlation between the number of bound nuclei $N_{\mathrm{nucl}}$ and $S_2\left(\rho \right)$ is established for a set of functionals constrained using the similar optimization procedures. The direction of the relationship between the number of bound nuclei and the symmetry energy highly depends on the density under consideration.

I investigate the difficulties in obtaining the electromagnetic response of light, halolike nuclei using reactions at radioactive beam facilities. A relativistic coupled-channels theory for the calculation of dissociation cross sections of halo nuclei is compared to first-order perturbation theory. A comparison with semiclassical models frequently used in experimental analysis is also performed. It is shown that the effects of relativity and of the nuclear interaction lead to sizable effects in the extraction of the electromagnetic response of ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ projectiles.

We study the rapidity and azimuthal angle dependences of the global spin alignment ${\rho }_{00}$ for $\varphi$ mesons with respect to the reaction plane in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider by the relativistic coalescence model in the spin transport theory. The global spin alignment of $\varphi$ mesons arises from local fluctuations of strong force fields whose values are extracted from the STAR's data. The calculated results show that ${\rho }_{00}<1/3$ at the rapidity $Y=0$, and then it increases with rapidity and becomes ${\rho }_{00}>1/3$ at $Y=1$. Such a rapidity dependence is dominated by the relative motion of the $\varphi$ meson in the bulk matter. We also give a prediction for the azimuthal angle dependence of ${\rho }_{00}$ at different rapidities.

In a series of works by two of us, various characteristics of the glasma from the earliest phase of relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been studied using a proper-time expansion. These characteristics include energy density, longitudinal and transverse pressures, collective flow, angular momentum, and parameters of jet quenching. In this paper we extend the proper-time interval where our results are reliable by working at higher order in the expansion. We also generalize our previous study of jet quenching by extending our calculations to consider inhomogeneous glasma. Inhomogeneities are an important aspect of physically realistic systems that are difficult to include in calculations and are frequently ignored.

The cluster transfer in multinucleon-transfer reactions near Coulomb barrier energies is implemented into the master equations in the dinuclear system model, in which deuterons, tritons, ${}^3\mathrm{He}$, and $\alpha$ particles are taken into account. The effects of cluster transfer and dynamical deformation on the formation of primary and secondary fragments are systematically investigated. It is found that the inclusion of cluster transfer is favorable for fragment formation by increasing the transferring nucleons and leads to a broad mass distribution. The isotopic cross sections of wolfram, osmium, radon, and francium in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ reactions at an incident energy of $E_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=450$ MeV are nicely consistent with the Argonne data. The new neutron-rich isotopes of wolfram and osmium are predicted with cross sections above 10 nb. The production mechanism of neutron-rich heavy nuclei near $N=126$ in ${}^{58,64,72}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$ reactions is investigated thoroughly. The cross sections for producing the neutron-rich isotopes of platinum, iridium, osmium, and rhenium in the multinucleon-transfer reactions ${}^{64}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$ and ${}^{72}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$ at center-of-mass energies of 220 and 230 MeV are estimated and proposed for future experiments.

We extend the multireference covariant density-functional theory (MR-CDFT) by including fluctuations in quadrupole deformations and average isovector pairing gaps simultaneously for the nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) of neutrinoless double-beta $\left(0\nu \beta \beta \right)$ decay in the candidate nuclei ${}^{76}\mathrm{Ge}, {}^{82}\mathrm{Se}, {}^{100}\mathrm{Mo}, {}^{130}\mathrm{Te}$, and ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ assuming the exchange of either light or heavy neutrinos. The results indicate a linear correlation between the predicted NMEs and the isovector pairing strengths, as well as the excitation energies of $2_1^{+}$ and $4_1^{+}$ states. By adjusting the pairing strengths based on the excitation energies of the $2_1^{+}$ states, we calculate the NMEs for $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay, which are reduced by approximately $12\%$ to $62\%$ compared with the results obtained in the previous studies by Song et al. [Phys. Rev. C 95, 024305 (2017)]. Additionally, upon introducing the average isovector pairing gap as an additional generator coordinate in the calculation, the NMEs increase by a factor ranging from $56\%$ to $218\%$.

Becke and Edgecombe suggested in 1990 a theoretical tool to describe electron localization in atoms and molecules, an idea which was borrowed by a large number of nuclear theorists since 2011 to describe nucleon localization in nuclear systems. I argue here that these arguments are highly questionable and cannot be used in interacting systems where effects beyond the naive mean field or the simple Hartree-Fock framework are important and the inclusion of correlations induced by particle interactions is necessary in order to introduce such a localization function. I also describe several aspects of the exchange and irreducible two-body density matrices, which depend on the character and strength of the two-particle interaction and which can be useful in justifying the derivation of an appropriate energy density functional.

The generator coordinate method (GCM) has been a well-known method to describe nuclear collective motions. In this method, one specifies a priori the relevant collective degrees of freedom as input of the method, based on empirical and/or phenomenological assumptions. We here propose a new extension of the GCM, in which both the basis Slater determinants and weight factors are optimized according to the variational principle. Applying this method to ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ nuclei with the Skyrme functional, we demonstrate that the optimized bases correspond to excited states along a collective path, unlike the conventional GCM which superposes only the local ground states. This implies that a collective coordinate for large amplitude collective motions is determined in a much more complex way than what has been assumed so far.

We calculate single-neutron spectroscopic overlaps for lithium isotopes in the framework of the ab initio symmetry-adapted no-core shell model. We report the associated neutron-nucleus asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANCs) and spectroscopic factors (SFs) that are important ingredients in many reaction cross-section calculations. While spectroscopic factors have been traditionally extracted from experimental cross sections, their sensitivity on the type of reactions, the energy, and the underlying models point to the need for determining SFs from first-principle structure considerations. As illustrative examples, we present ${}^6\mathrm{Li}+n, {}^7\mathrm{Li}+n$, and ${}^8\mathrm{Li}+n$, and we show that the results are in a good agreement with those of other ab initio methods, where available, including the quantum Monte Carlo approach. We compare ANCs and SFs to available experimentally deduced values, with a view toward expanding this study to heavier nuclei and to extracting intercluster effective interactions for input into analyses of existing and future experimental data.

We use a recently proposed theoretical model to evaluate complete and incomplete fusion cross sections in collisions of ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ with ${}^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$. The former is compared to the data of Kumawat et al. [H. Kumawat, V. Jha, V. V. Parkar, B. Roy, S. K. Pandit, R. Palit, P. K. Rath, C. F. Palshetkar, S. K. Sharma, S. Thakur, A. K. Mohanty, A. Chatterjee, and S. Kailas, Phys. Rev. C 86, 024607 (2012)], while the theoretical cross section for the incomplete fusion of the deuteron in ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ is compared to a cross section extracted from inclusive $\alpha$-production data. The overall agreement between theory and experiment is good. Additional validation of the procedure is obtained by applying it to the ${}^6\mathrm{Li}+{}^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ reaction at energies above the Coulomb barrier.

We study open charm flavor observables in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV within the MARTINI framework. The space-time expansion of the quark-gluon plasma is described using the hydrodynamical approach-MUSIC with IP-Glasma initial conditions. The model parameters, including the viscous coefficients, were obtained from a recent Bayesian model-to-data comparison. We evolve heavy quarks in this background using Langevin dynamics while incorporating their collisional and radiative processes in the medium. The sensitivity of charm observables to the IP-Glasma initial state, bulk evolution, and centrality of the collision is studied. We find that the elliptic flow of open charm flavor has a strong dependence on the fluctuating initial conditions in addition to the strength of the interaction of heavy quarks with the medium constituents. Within this framework, the nuclear suppression factor and elliptic flow of D mesons act as efficient probes to study the initial stages of heavy-ion collisions, transport coefficients associated with QGP medium as well as heavy quark interactions.

The effect of the center-of-mass motion on the high-momentum distributions of correlated nucleon pairs is studied by solving the Bethe-Goldstone equation in nuclear matter with the Granada nucleon-nucleon potential. We show that this coarse-grained potential reduces the problem to an algebraic linear system of five (ten) equations for uncoupled (coupled) partial waves that can be easily solved. The corresponding relative wave functions of correlated $pn, pp$, and $nn$ pairs are computed for different values of their center-of-mass (CM) momentum. We find that the $pn$ pairs dominate the high-momentum tail of the relative momentum distribution, and that this only depends marginally on center-of-mass momentum. Our results provide further justification and agreement for the factorization approximation commonly used in the literature. This approximation assumes that the momentum distribution of nucleon pairs can be factorized as the product of the center-of-mass momentum distribution and the relative momentum distribution.

Simultaneous measurements of the $K^{-}p\to {\mathrm{\Sigma }}^0{\pi }^0$ and $K^{-}p\to \mathrm{\Lambda }{\pi }^0$ cross sections below 100 $\mathrm{MeV}\text{/}c$ kaon momentum have been performed. The kaon beam delivered by the $\mathrm{DA}\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{NE}$ collider was exploited to detect $K^{-}$ absorptions on hydrogen atoms populating the gas mixture of the KLOE drift chamber. The cross sections are determined with the highest yet obtained precision in the low kaon momentum regime $[{\sigma }_{K^{-}p\to {\mathrm{\Sigma }}^0{\pi }^0}=42.8\pm 1.5{\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)}_{-2.0}^{+2.4}\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\mathrm{mb}$ and ${\sigma }_{K^{-}p\to \mathrm{\Lambda }{\pi }^0}=31.0\pm 0.5{\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)}_{-1.2}^{+1.2}\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\mathrm{mb}]$ impacting on pending questions in several fields, ranging from nuclear and particle physics, to astrophysics.

The lifetimes of the first excited $2^{+}$ and $4^{+}$ states in ${}^{206}\mathrm{Po}$ were measured using the recoil-distance Doppler-shift method. The experimental results were compared to large-scale shell-model calculations that describe the deduced transition probabilities well. Those calculations were extended to the neighboring ${}^{204,208}\mathrm{Po}$ isotopes giving a good overall description of the yrast states. However, the calculations underpredict the energies of the $6_1^{+}$ and $8_1^{+}$ states, which suggests that further improvement of the proton-neutron interaction is required.

Neutron-rich ${}^{120–124}\mathrm{In}$ isotopes have been studied utilizing the double Penning trap mass spectrometer JYFLTRAP at the IGISOL facility. Using the phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance technique, the isomeric states were resolved from ground states and their excitation energies measured with high precision in ${}^{121,123,124}\mathrm{In}$. In ${}^{120,122}\mathrm{In}$, the $1^{+}$ states were separated and their masses were measured while the energy difference between the unresolved $5^{+}$ and $8^{-}$ states, whose presence was confirmed by post-trap decay spectroscopy, was determined to be $\le 15$ keV. In addition, the half-life of ${}^{122}\mathrm{Cd}$, $T_{1/2}=5.98\left(10\right)\mathrm{s}$, was extracted. Experimental results were compared with energy density functionals, density functional theory, and shell-model calculations.

There are generally two factors on which the form of the symmetry energy depends. The first one is the model involved in determining the nuclear matter equation of state, and the second the accuracy of the approximation of the symmetry energy function given by a Taylor series. Including the fourth-order term in the Taylor series accounts for a more reasonable representation of the symmetry energy. This paper focuses on understanding the symmetry energy influence on the neutron star crust-core phase boundary characteristics in terms of the above factors. All calculations were based on selected models of the relativistic mean field theory. The analysis begins with determining the analytical form of the fourth-order symmetry energy. The applied method allows for deriving the potential part of the fourth-order symmetry energy when the model contains various nonlinear couplings between mesons. The presence of the fourth-order term in the symmetry energy description affects the neutron star crust-core phase boundary characteristics by changing the transition density $n_t$, the corresponding pressure $P_t$, and the equilibrium proton fraction $Y_p^{\mathrm{eq}}\left(n_t\right)$ value. The performed statistical analysis clarifies the role of the second- and fourth-order symmetry energy in determining the relationships between the transition density $n_t$ and the leading coefficients characterizing the density dependence of the symmetry energy $[E_{\mathrm{sym}}\left(n_0\right),$ $L_{\mathrm{sym}},$ $K_{\mathrm{sym}}]$, where $L_{\mathrm{sym}}$ is the slope and $K_{\mathrm{sym}}$ is the curvature. It is shown that the regression analysis makes it possible to identify $(P_t,L_{\mathrm{sym}},K_{\mathrm{sym}})$ as the group of factors that significantly influence the variability of the transition density $n_t$. The results also allow for estimating the effect of the fourth-order symmetry energy term inclusion. Additionally, the correlation analysis points to the individual role of $L_{\mathrm{sym}}$ and $K_{\mathrm{sym}}$. Only when the fourth-order term is included are both variables $K_{\mathrm{sym}}$ and $L_{\mathrm{sym}}$ equally anticorrelated with $n_t$, leading to the increasing role of $L_{\mathrm{sym}}$ in analyzing the variability of $n_t$.