The nucleon-to-nucleon polarization transfer parameter $K_y^{y^{\prime }}$ has been measured for the first time in neutron-deuteron scattering, at bombarding energies $E_n=15.0,$ 17.0, 19.0, and 25.8 MeV and scattering angles ${\theta }_{\mathrm{lab}}=50\mathrm{}°$ and 80°. The results are compared with rigorous, fully charge-dependent Faddeev calculations using the most recent realistic, phase-equivalent nucleon-nucleon interactions and the Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force (TM 3NF). Good agreement between theory and experiment was found at 50° where all potential models predict nearly the same value for $K_y^{y^{\prime }}.$ At 80°, the pure $\mathrm{NN}$ force predictions are spread due to their different $D$-state probabilities for the deuteron. When the TM 3NF is included, with the cutoff parameter in the strong form factors fitted to the experimental triton binding energy separately for each of the $\mathrm{NN}$ interactions, the different force predictions are shifted in such a way that they essentially agree with each other. This means that $K_y^{y^{\prime }}$ scales with the triton binding energy. At 50°, the 3NF causes only a small decrease in the theoretical predictions, which still are close to the experimental values. In the minimum around 80°, the inclusion of the 3NF leads to a more pronounced decrease of $K_y^{y^{\prime }}$ so that the theory now underestimates the data by about 10%. A comparison of our $n-d$ data with existing $p-d$ data indicates appreciable Coulomb force effects in the region of the minimum of $K_y^{y^{\prime }}.$

The one solitary boson exchange potential (OSBEP) is used to evaluate observables of $\mathrm{NN}$ elastic scattering below pion threshold. In this approach, we use a nonlinear model of self-interacting mesons as a substitution for the commonly used phenomenological form factors. $\mathrm{NN}$ data support an empirical scaling law between the pion and other meson fields, which suggests a link to QCD and significantly reduces the number of parameters in the boson exchange potential. The analysis of $\mathrm{np}$ and $\mathrm{pp}$ observables distinguishes the model by its fit and few adjustable parameters. An outlook to apply OSBEP in $\pi N$ systems is given.

The proton-proton bremsstrahlung $\left(pp\gamma \right)$ process has been used as a tool to study the problems related to both the off-shell proton electromagnetic vertex and pseudoscalar (ps)-pseudovector (pv) $\pi N$ coupling. We have developed an approach which can be applied to investigate the two problems together. We show that (i) the analyzing powers calculated using the on-shell $p\gamma p$ vertex, with ps or pv coupling, yield very poor results for most of the cases with small proton scattering angles at 280 MeV, (ii) the calculations using the off-shell $p\gamma p$ vertex and ps coupling in most cases produce cross sections which fail to fit the TRIUMF data at 200 and 280 MeV, and (iii) the data for both cross sections and analyzing powers in the energy region between 157 and 280 MeV can only be consistently described by the calculations using the off-shell $p\gamma p$ vertex and pv coupling. Thus our results indicate that the off-shell $p\gamma p$ vertex must be used in relativistic $\mathrm{pp}\gamma$ calculations and the pseudovector coupling is the best choice for the $\pi N$ vertex. More accurate data are needed for further study of the problems.

The relativistic quark model of nucleon and the quark-exchange formalism is used to calculate the spin structure functions (SSF) of ${}^3\mathrm{He}$, ${}^3\mathrm{H}$, neutrons and protons. We consider the quarks to be exchanged at most between two nucleons. The up and down quarks treated separately and a well behaved polarized distribution is found by considering energy-momentum conservation properly. The SSF of ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ and ${}^3\mathrm{H}$ and convolution approximation are used to find the SSF of protons and neutrons and the validity of the Bjorken sum rule was tested. Finally it is shown that the result of our calculation agrees qualitatively well with the available experimental data, i.e., E142, E143, SMC, and recent E154 experiments.

A detailed description of Moscow (M)-type potential models for the $\mathrm{NN}$ interaction is given. The microscopic foundation of these models, which appear as a consequence of the composite quark structure of nucleons, is discussed. M-type models are shown to arise naturally in a coupled channel approach when compound or bag-like six-quark states, strongly coupled to the $\mathrm{NN}$ channel, are eliminated from the complete multiquark wave function. The role of the deep-lying bound states that appear in these models is elucidated. By introducing additional conditions of orthogonality to these compound six-quark states, a continuous series of almost on-shell equivalent nonlocal interaction models, characterized by a strong reduction or full absence of a local repulsive core (M-type models), is generated. The predictions of these interaction models for $3N$ systems are analyzed in detail. It is shown that M-type models give, under certain conditions, a stronger binding of the $3N$ system than the original phase-equivalent model with nodeless wave functions. An analysis of the $3N$ system with the new versions of the Moscow $\mathrm{NN}$ potential describing also the higher even partial waves is presented. Large deviations from conventional $\mathrm{NN}$ force models are found for the momentum distribution in the high momentum region. In particular, the Coulomb displacement energy $E_B{(}^3\mathrm{He}\left)-E_B{(}^3\mathrm{H}\right)$—when $E_B{(}^3\mathrm{H})$ is extrapolated to the experimental value displays a promising agreement with experiment: $\Delta E_C\simeq$740 KeV. The validity and limits of two-body $\mathrm{NN}$ potentials in nuclei is discussed in the light of our analysis.

The ${}^4{P}_J$ waves in nucleon-deuteron scattering were analyzed using proton-deuteron and neutron-deuteron data at $E_N$=3 MeV. New sets of nucleon-nucleon ${}^3{P}_j$ phase shifts were obtained that may lead to a better understanding of the long-standing $A_y\left(\theta \right)$ puzzle in nucleon-deuteron elastic scattering. However, these sets of ${}^3{P}_j$ phase shifts are quite different from the ones determined from both global phase-shift analyses of nucleon-nucleon data and nucleon-nucleon potential models.

We use Faddeev’s decomposition to solve the shell-model problem for three nucleons. The dependence on harmonic-oscillator excitations allowed in the model space, up to $32ħ\Omega$ in the present calculations, and on the harmonic-oscillator frequency is studied. Effective interactions derived from Nijmegen II and Reid93 potentials are used in the calculations. The binding energies obtained are close to those calculated by other methods. The structure of the Faddeev equations is discussed and a simple formula for matrix elements of the permutation operators in a harmonic-oscillator basis is given. The Pauli principle is properly treated in the calculations.

The lifetimes of the $2^{+}$ states of the first excited $K^{\pi }{=0\mathrm{}}^{+}$ band in ${}^{168}$Er and ${}^{164}$Dy have been measured using the $\gamma$-ray induced Doppler broadening technique. Although the deduced uncertainties for the lifetimes are rather large the data indicate that in ${}^{168}$Er the decay to the $\gamma$ band is moderately collective. In ${}^{164}$Dy, however, a less collective decay pattern is observed. The transition rates are compared to the available theoretical descriptions.

A resonant inelastic proton scattering experiment was carried out to investigate the $\gamma$ decay of the lowest lying 1${}^{-}$ state in the $N$=82 nucleus ${}^{142}$Nd. A very high sensitivity for the detection of the $\gamma$ rays was achieved by combining the Osiris Cube array with a Euroball Cluster detector. The observed $\gamma$ decay of the dipole excitation is a direct proof of the dominant two-phonon character of the lowest 1${}^{-}$ state in this nucleus. A survey of the branching ratios in the magic neutron number $N$=82 region and the energy systematics of candidates for two phonon 1${}^{-}$ states in other nuclei in the vicinity of various shell closures point to a high degree of harmonicity of the (2${}^{+}\otimes 3^{-})$ coupling.

Based on precise spectroscopic measurements of the x-ray transitions of few-electron uranium ions, the difference in the nuclear charge radii of ${}^{235}\mathrm{U}$ and ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}$ has been determined. The measurement makes use of the simplified atomic structure of highly charged ions, and it is shown that the spectroscopic data from few-electron ions are readily interpreted in terms of the variation in the mean nuclear radius. A value of $\delta 〈r^2{〉}^{235,238}=-0.250\pm 0.032{\mathrm{fm}}^2$ is found. Combining the results with data from earlier optical and x-ray measurements, values for $\delta 〈r^2{〉}^{A,238\mathrm{}}$ with $A=233,$ 234, 235, and 236 are derived that are of higher accuracy than previous values.

The nuclear structure of ${}^{99}$Tc was studied using the ${}^{98}$Mo${(}^3$He,$\mathrm{pn}\gamma )$ reaction, which has populated most states in the nucleus below 2 MeV excitation energy. The proton exit channel was isolated from competing reaction channels by operating $\gamma$-ray detectors in coincidence with a large-solid-angle proton detector. The experiments included $\gamma$-ray excitation functions, $\gamma$-ray angular distributions, and $\gamma$-$\gamma$ coincidences. The results were interpreted using a particle-rotor model. The systematics of increasing deformations in odd-$A$ Tc nuclei are discussed.

The proton decay of spin-isospin strength in ${}^{90}$Nb was investigated after excitation via the reaction ${}^{90}$Zr${(}^6$Li,${}^6$He)${}^{90}$Nb at 156 MeV bombarding energy. The Gamow-Teller (GT) strength distribution and corresponding $B$(GT) values were extracted from singles spectra measured at extreme forward angles including zero degree. Protons in coincidence with ${}^6$He ejectiles were detected using a multidetector arrangement of semiconductor strip detectors. Relative branching ratios and ${}^6$He-$p$ angular correlations have been measured for a proton decay to well defined low lying single hole states in ${}^{89}$Zr. Evidence for a dominant statistical decay has been found in the whole observed region of excitation energy; a small direct decay component, however, cannot be ruled out. In the region of the Gamow-Teller giant resonance between 8.0 and 12.0 MeV excitation energy additional strength with higher mulitpolarities $L>~1$ was identified from a comparison with predictions in the statistical decay model. At higher excitation energies above the giant resonance region the decay characteristics confirm the presence of a flat distribution of Gamow-Teller strength.

Direct $\gamma$ and $\gamma -\gamma$ coincidence spectra of pure ${}^{209}$Tl and ${}^{213}$Bi sources obtained by radiochemical continuous separation were measured with coaxial and planar HPGe detectors. In ${}^{209}$Tl the half-life was measured, the $\beta$-decay energies and intensities of 11 $\gamma$ transitions were reported, and a new decay scheme was proposed. In ${}^{213}$Bi $\beta$ decay 22 transitions were observed, of which 18 were assigned to a new ${}^{213}$Po level scheme accounting for 9 excited states.

Average magnetic moments of high spin, pre-yrast levels in neutron-deficient ${}^{162,163,164}\mathrm{Hf}$ isotopes were measured by utilizing the transient field technique using a $3.4{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^2$ Gd ferromagnetic layer. The reactions ${}^{128,126}\mathrm{Te}{(}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}{,xn)}^{164,163,162}\mathrm{Hf}$ at a Ca beam energy of 175 MeV were used to populate high spin regions. Most of the reaction-product Hf nuclei have sufficient energy to traverse the Gd layer. A considerable fraction of recoils of each isotope stops in the Gd and experiences the static hyperfine field in addition to the transient magnetic field, experienced by the whole ensemble. Comparison of the measured precessions of transitions from the first excited, longer-lived levels with precessions from much shorter-lived, high-spin transitions yields $g$-factor ratios of the first excited states in the three isotopes. The previously unknown lifetimes of the relevant transitions were measured in a recoil-distance experiment. The possibility of measuring $g$-factor ratios in neutron-deficient nuclei by utilizing a combination of transient and static magnetic fields is discussed.

The proton-unbound nucleus ${}^{11}\mathrm{N}$ has been studied via kinematic reconstruction of the emitted proton in coincidence with the residual ${}^{10}\mathrm{C}$ daughter nucleus. Resonances in ${}^{11}\mathrm{N}$ were populated by using a 40 MeV/nucleon radioactive beam of ${}^{12}\mathrm{N}$ to induce the reaction ${}^9{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{e}(}^{12}{\mathrm{N},}^{11}\mathrm{N}),$ followed by the proton decay of ${}^{11}\mathrm{N}.$ The decay energy spectrum was constructed from the energies and separation angle of the ${}^{10}\mathrm{C}$ and the proton. In addition to protons from the known ${1/2}^{-}$ state, at 2.24 MeV above the proton decay threshold, another peak is seen near 1.45 MeV. This peak could potentially be due to the predicted ${1/2}^{+}$ ground state and/or due to the decay of the ${3/2}^{-}$ state to the first excited state of ${}^{10}\mathrm{C}$

Lifetimes of the lower-excited states in ${}^{122,124}\mathrm{Xe}$ are measured using the recoil-distance Doppler-shift technique. The reactions ${}^{110}\mathrm{Pd}{(}^{16}\mathrm{O}{,4n)}^{122}\mathrm{Xe}$ and ${}^{110}\mathrm{Pd}{(}^{18}\mathrm{O}{,4n)}^{124}\mathrm{Xe}$ at a beam energy of 66 MeV were used for this experiment. The lifetimes of the $2^{+},$ $4^{+},$ $6^{+},$ and $8^{+}$ states of the ground state band were extracted using the computer code LIFETIME including the corrections due to the side feeding and the nuclear deorientation effects. The lifetime of the $2^{+}$ state in ${}^{122}\mathrm{Xe}$ agrees with the recoil distance method (RDM) measurements but for the ${}^{124}\mathrm{Xe}$ it does not agree with the RDM measurements but agrees with the Coulomb-excitation experiment. The measured $B\left(E2\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ values for both the nuclei are compared with the standard algebraic and the multishell models.

In this paper, we study the influence of quantum effects on chaotic dynamics, especially the influence of the Pauli effect and dynamical symmetry breaking on chaotic motions. We apply the semiquantal theory to the Sp(6) fermion symmetry model in nuclear collective motion. We demonstrate that quantum chaos appears when dynamical symmetry is broken. We further show that the dynamical Pauli effect enhances quantum chaos.