The light cone QCD sum rules are derived for the $\omega \mathrm{NN}$ vector and tensor couplings simultaneously. The vacuum gluon field contribution is taken into account. Our results are $g_{\omega }=18\mathrm{}\pm 8$ and ${\kappa }_{\omega }=0.8\mathrm{}\pm 0.4$.

In this process a heavy or superheavy nucleus spontaneously breaks into four, five, or six nuclei of which two are asymmetric or symmetric heavy fragments and the others are light clusters, e.g., $\alpha$ particles, ${}^{10}\mathrm{Be},{\hspace{0.5em}}^{14}\mathrm{C},{\hspace{0.5em}}^{20}\mathrm{O},$ or combinations of them. Examples are presented for the two-, three-, and four-cluster accompanied cold fission of ${}^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$ and ${}^{262}\mathrm{Rf},$ in which the emitted clusters are $2\alpha ,$ $\alpha {+}^6\mathrm{He},$ $\alpha {+}^{10}\mathrm{Be},$ $\alpha {+}^{14}\mathrm{C},$ $3\alpha ,$ $\alpha {+}^6\mathrm{He}{+}^{10}\mathrm{Be},$ $2\alpha {+}^6\mathrm{He},$ $2\alpha {+}^8\mathrm{Be},$ $2\alpha {+}^{14}\mathrm{C},$ and $4\alpha .$ A comparison is made with the recently observed ${}^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$ cold binary fission, and cold ternary (accompanied by $\alpha$ particle or by ${}^{10}\mathrm{Be}$ cluster). The strong shell effect corresponding to the doubly magic heavy fragment ${}^{132}\mathrm{Sn}$ is emphasized. The most favorable mechanism of such a decay mode should be the emission from an elongated neck formed between the two heavy fragments.

High-spin states in ${}^{158}\mathrm{Ho}$ have been studied through the ${}^{152}\mathrm{Sm}{(}^{11}\mathrm{B}{,5n)}^{158}\mathrm{Ho}$ reaction at a beam energy of 60 MeV. In addition to the previously known yrast band, three new rotational bands, namely, the $\{{p7/2\mathrm{}}^{-}\left[523\right]\otimes {n3/2\mathrm{}}^{-}\left[521\right]\}{K}^{\pi }{=5\mathrm{}}^{+}$ ground-state band, the $\{{p7/2\mathrm{}}^{+}\left[404\right]\otimes {n3/2\mathrm{}}^{+}\left[651\right]\}{K}^{\pi }{=5\mathrm{}}^{+}$ band, and the $\{{p7/2\mathrm{}}^{-}\left[523\right]\otimes {n11/2\mathrm{}}^{-}\left[505\right]\}{K}^{\pi }{=9\mathrm{}}^{+}$ band, are proposed. The yrast band is connected to the ground-state band, and its configuration is reassigned as the $\{{p7/2\mathrm{}}^{-}\left[523\right]\otimes {n3/2\mathrm{}}^{+}\left[651\right]\}{K}^{\pi }{=5\mathrm{}}^{-}$ rather than the $\{{p7/2\mathrm{}}^{-}\left[523\right]\otimes {n5/2\mathrm{}}^{+}\left[642\right]\}{K}^{\pi }{=6\mathrm{}}^{-}.$ On the basis of the present experimental study, the spin values of the member states of the yrast band turn out to be larger by three units with respect to the earlier tentative spin assignments and in agreement with the latest spin assignments based on the arguments of the level energy systematics and the alignment additivity.

We apply the pseudospin method to the minimal Kaplan-Nelson model of the charged kaon condensation. We show that the pseudospin coherent state, with the pseudospin as a favorable order parameter for charged boson condensation, significantly improves the energy of the dense matter in the condensed phase.

It is shown that multifractal chaos observed at nuclear giant resonance belongs to the class of critical multifractal processes with infinite critical temperature. Furthermore, numerical value of multifractal critical index of the isovector transitions at the nuclear giant resonance turns out to be remarkably close to that corresponding to the universal critical chaos generated by the map $\phi \mathrm{}\left(x\right)=1\mathrm{}-{\mathrm{ax}}^2$ via the Feigenbaum scenario.

The deuteron binding energy extracted from the ${\mathrm{reaction}\mathrm{\hspace{0.5em}}}^1\mathrm{H}(n,\gamma {)}^2\mathrm{H}$ is reviewed with the exact relativistic formula, where the initial kinetic energy and the Doppler effect are taken into account. We find that the negligible initial kinetic energy of the neutron could cause a significant uncertainty which is beyond the errors available up to now. Therefore, we suggest an experiment which should include detailed information about the initial kinetic energy and the detection angle. It could reduce discrepancies among the recently reported values about the deuteron binding energy and pin down the uncertainty due to the Doppler broadening of the $\gamma$ ray.

A new stochastic number projection method is proposed. The component of the BCS wave function corresponding to the right number of particles is obtained by means of a Metropolis algorithm in which the weight functions are constructed from the single-particle occupation probability. Either standard BCS or Lipkin-Nogami probability distributions can be used, thus the method is applicable for any pairing strength. The accuracy of the method is tested in the computation of pairing energies of model and real systems.

Relativistic calculations of the induced proton polarization in quasifree electron scattering on ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ are presented. Good agreement with the experimental data of Woo et al. is obtained. The relativistic calculations yield a somewhat better description of the data than the nonrelativistic ones. Differences between the two approaches are more pronounced at larger missing momenta suggesting further experimental work in this region.

Proton radioactivity from the closed neutron shell nucleus ${}^{155}\mathrm{Ta}$ has been observed. It was produced via the p4n fusion evaporation channel using a ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ beam on a ${}^{102}\mathrm{Pd}$ target. The measured decay properties are $E_p=1765\mathrm{}\left(10\right)\mathrm{}\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{keV}$ and $t_{1/2}{=12\mathrm{}}_{-3}^{+4\mathrm{}}$ $\mu \mathrm{s}.$ Spin and parity $J^{\pi }{=11/2\mathrm{}}^{-}$ and a spectroscopic factor $S_p^{\exp }{=0.58\mathrm{}}_{-0.15}^{+0.20\mathrm{}}$ characterize the decaying state.

Ground and isomeric proton and alpha decay branches are reported for the new isotope ${}^{177}\mathrm{Tl},$ produced by bombarding a ${}^{102}\mathrm{Pd}$ target with a 370 MeV beam of ${}^{78}\mathrm{Kr}$ ions. The ground state is assigned as a $\pi s_{1/2}$ configuration and the high spin isomer is assigned as a $(\pi h_{11/2}{)}^{-1}$ configuration. The ground-state proton decay of ${}^{171}\mathrm{Au}$ has been identified for the first time, produced by bombarding a ${}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}$ target with ${}^{78}\mathrm{Kr}$ ions. The ${}^{171}\mathrm{Au}$ ground state is also assigned as a $\pi s_{1/2}$ configuration. Spectroscopic factors, masses, and proton separation energies are derived using these new proton decay measurements. New ground-state $\alpha$ decays for ${}^{169}\mathrm{Ir}$ and ${}^{173}\mathrm{Au}$ are also reported.

An isomer of ${}^{151}\mathrm{Lu}$ was identified by its direct proton radioactivity. It was produced by bombardment of ${}^{96}\mathrm{Ru}$ with 266-MeV ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ from the Holifield Radioactive-Ion Beam Facility, mass separated with a recoil separator and implanted in a double-sided silicon strip detector, which provided signals to correlate each proton decay with a particular implant. The proton energy and half-life of ${}^{151}{\mathrm{Lu}}^m$ were measured to be 1310(10) keV and $16\left(1\right)\mathrm{}\hspace{0.5em}\mu \mathrm{s},$ respectively. The half-life of the previously known $h_{11/2}$ ground state was observed to be $80\left(2\right)\mathrm{}\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{ms}$ in agreement with the previously adopted value of 88(10) ms. Comparison of the half-life of ${}^{151}{\mathrm{Lu}}^m$ with WKB barrier-penetration calculations leads to the conclusion that the isomer is a $d_{3/2}$ proton state. A two-potential approach predicts a half-life of ${5.5}_{-1.1}^{+1.4\mathrm{}}\hspace{0.5em}\mu \mathrm{s}$ which yields an experimental spectroscopic factor of ${0.34}_{-0.08}^{+0.12\mathrm{}}.$

The high-spin structure of ${}^{205}\mathrm{Rn}$ has been investigated for the first time following the ${}^{170}\mathrm{Er}{(}^{40}\mathrm{Ar},5n)$ and ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}{(}^{14}N,6n)$ reactions at beam energies of 183 MeV and 90–110 MeV, respectively, using the Jurosphere and YRAST Ball arrays. Two new cascades have been identified which dominate the high-spin decay. One of these, consisting of ten stretched $M1\mathrm{}$ transitions with unobserved $E2\mathrm{}$ crossover transitions, is interpreted as a shears structure based on the $\nu i_{13/2}^{-1}\otimes \pi i_{13/2}^2$ (or $\nu i_{13/2}^{-1}\otimes \pi h_{9/2}{i}_{13/2}$) configuration.

A distinct isotopic $\pi -\eta$ interference effect in $\phi$ photoproduction at $\sqrt{s}\sim 2–5\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{GeV}$ region is identified by examining the Pomeron- and meson-exchange amplitudes. This isotopic interference effect is a consequence of the SU(3) symmetry and the isotopic structure of the $\gamma \mathrm{NN}$ coupling in the direct $\phi$-radiation amplitude. It can be tested experimentally by measuring differences in the polarization observables between the $\gamma \overrightarrow{p}\phi p$ and $\gamma \overrightarrow{n}\phi n$ reactions.

A light-front treatment for spherical nuclei is developed from a relativistic effective Lagrangian and employing the mean field approximation. Minimizing the nuclear minus momentum subject to the constraint that, in the rest frame, the expectation values of the plus and minus momenta are the same leads to a formalism in which rotational invariance is recovered.

It is pointed out that the third of five low-lying $P_{11}$ states predicted by a constituent quark model can be identified with the third of four states in a solution from a three-channel analysis by the Zagreb group. This is one of the so-called “missing” resonances, predicted at 1880 MeV. The fit of the Zagreb group to the $\pi \overrightarrow{N}\eta N$ data is the crucial element in finding this fourth resonance in the $P_{11}$ partial wave.

We introduce the density matrix renormalization group as an efficient truncation scheme which can be applied to nuclear shell model problems. To illustrate the power of the method we perform a calculation for the two level pairing model showing its convergence properties.

On the basis of the ${}_{\Lambda }^5\mathrm{He}+N+N$ three-body model which has successfully been applied to a systematic study of the energy and nucleon halo structure of the $A=7\mathrm{}$ isotriplet hypernuclei, strengths of $\gamma$ transitions in ${}_{\Lambda }^7\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}_{\Lambda }^7\mathrm{He}$ are calculated. The new model confirms that the ${B(E2;5/2\mathrm{}}^{+}\to {1/2}^{+})$ value in ${}_{\Lambda }^7\mathrm{Li}$ is reduced remarkably in comparison with the corresponding ${B(E2;3\mathrm{}}^{+}\to 1^{+})$ in the core nucleus ${}^6\mathrm{Li}.$This is due to the gluelike role of the $\Lambda$ particle which induces a contraction of the core nuclear size. It is suggested that a measurement of the ${5/2}^{+}\to {1/2}^{+}E2\mathrm{}$ transition rate in ${}_{\Lambda }^7\mathrm{Li}$ (ongoing at KEK as E419) provides a unique opportunity to derive the hypernuclear size and hence to confirm the size contraction experimentally. The $E2\mathrm{}$ and $M1\mathrm{}$ transition strengths are also predicted for low-lying states in the hypernucleus ${}_{\Lambda }^7\mathrm{He}$ whose core nucleus ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ is known to have a neutron halo. Another prediction is made of much enhanced $E2\mathrm{}$ transitions in ${}_{\Lambda }^7\mathrm{Li}$ from the ${5/2}^{+}$ and ${3/2}^{+}\mathrm{}(T=1\mathrm{})\mathrm{}$ states which are expected to have a proton halo structure.

We demonstrate, for the first time, successful S-matrix to potential inversion for spin 1 projectiles with nondiagonal $S_{{\mathrm{ll}}^{\prime }}^j$ yielding a $T_R$ interaction. The method is a generalization of the iterative-perturbative method. We present a test case indicating the degree of uniqueness of the potential. The method is adapted, using established procedures, into direct observable to potential inversion, fitting $\sigma ,$ ${\mathrm{iT}}_{11},$ $T_{20},$ $T_{21},$ and $T_{22}$ for d + alpha scattering over a range of energies near 10 MeV. The $T_R$ interaction which we find is very different from that proposed elsewhere, both real and imaginary parts being very different for odd and even parity channels.

The off-shell momentum subtraction (OS) and power divergence subtraction (PDS) renormalization schemes for the effective field theory with nucleons and pions are investigated. We explain in detail how the renormalization is implemented using local counterterms. Fits to the $\mathrm{NN}$ scattering data are performed in the ${}^1{S}_0$ and ${}^3{S}_1$ channels for different values of ${\mu }_R.$ An error analysis indicates that the range of the theory with perturbative pions is consistent with $500\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{MeV}$.

The $\mu$-capture process on ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ leading to a neutron, a deuteron, and a $\mu$-neutrino in the final state is studied. Three-nucleon Faddeev wave functions for the initial ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ bound and the final neutron-deuteron scattering states are calculated using the Bonn B and Paris nucleon-nucleon potentials. The nuclear weak current operator is restricted to the impulse approximation. Large effects on the decay rates of the final state interaction are found. The comparison to recent experimental data shows that the inclusion of final state interactions drastically improves the description of the data.