For the first time, differential cross section of the ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}{+}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ elastic scattering at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=170,$ 200, 230, and 260 MeV has been measured over a wide angular range which covers both diffractive and refractive regions. In addition, the recent data at 132 MeV for this system have been remeasured with much better statistics. A well developed rainbow structure has been observed, where up to three Airy minima could be identified in each measured angular distribution. The optical model analysis of these data was done using the conventional Woods-Saxon shape for the optical potential as well as that given by the folding model. The Airy systematics enabled us to suggest a realistic family of the optical potential for the ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}{+}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ system, which consistently describes the new data as well as the data measured earlier at incident energies of 608 and 1503 MeV. Our results show that the ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}{+}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ system is a very suitable heavy-ion combination for the study of refractive phenomena, which can give important information on the nucleus-nucleus potential at small distances.

Four highly deformed structures in the odd-odd $\mathrm{nucleus}{}_{61}^{136}{\mathrm{Pm}}_{75}$ were observed via the ${}^{105}\mathrm{Pd}{(}^{35}\mathrm{Cl},2p2n)$ reaction at 180 and 173 MeV using the GAMMASPHERE $\gamma$-ray spectrometer and the Microball charged-particle detector array. Quadrupole moment measurements were performed on all of the bands. In contrast to lighter odd-$Z$ Pm and Pr nuclei, bands based on the $g_{9/2}\left[404\right]9/2$ proton orbital were not observed. Instead, the four observed sequences are assigned as a coupling of an $i_{13/2}$ neutron with the low-$\Omega$ $h_{11/2}$ and mixed $d_{5/2}{g}_{7/2}$ orbitals. Comparisons with neighboring highly deformed structures are discussed and cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations for ${}^{136}\mathrm{Pm}$ are presented.

It has been suggested that collisions between deformed shapes will lead to interesting effects on various observables such as $K$ production and elliptic flow. Simple formulas can be written down which show how to choose the colliding beams which will maximize the effects of deformation.

The one-boson-exchange-model (OBEM) and quark-cluster-model (QCM) interactions are applied to the structure study of the ground states in light $S=-2$ nuclei with the $[\mathrm{core}+\Lambda +\Lambda ]+[\mathrm{core}+\Xi +N]$ model and the $\mathrm{core}+\left(3q\right)+\left(3q\right)\mathrm{}$ cluster model, respectively. The $\mathrm{core}+\left(3q\right)+\left(3q\right)\mathrm{}$ cluster model proposed here is a model designed to use the QCM interactions in finite nuclear systems. We found that the OBEM interactions predict a double-$\Lambda$ hypernuclear state for the ground state of light $S=-2$ nuclei, while the QCM interaction with a bound $H$ dibaryon predicts a bound $H$-nuclear state, although the structure of the $H$ state in nucleus is considerably different from the free one.

We have earlier proposed a thermodynamically consistent equation of state (EOS) incorporating the Van der Waal’s type of excluded volume effect for a hot and dense hadron gas consisting of many species of finite-size baryons. We demonstrate here that our excluded volume approach does not violate causality.

The interaction between the nuclear spin $\overrightarrow{I}$ and the atomic spin $\overrightarrow{J}$ of the not fully stripped nuclei, which are recoiling after a nuclear reaction, reduces the nuclear orientation during their flight through vacuum. In this paper we report on how the orientation is restored by applying a magnetic field in the direction of the initial orientation axis. This implies that the level mixing spectroscopy technique (LEMS), used to measure nuclear quadrupole moments of high-spin isomers, can be applied for nuclei which have traveled through a vacuum before being implanted in a suitable host. Such a recoil-shadow configuration, where target and host are separated from each other and the detectors are shielded from the target, improves the detection efficiency in a LEMS setup. This increases the possibilities for application of the LEMS method. We have developed a formalism that describes the loss of orientation due to the $\overrightarrow{I}\cdot \overrightarrow{J}$ interaction and its influence on a LEMS measurement performed in a recoil-shadow geometry. The formalism is used to describe experimental data for the ${}^{69m}\mathrm{Ge}[I^{\pi }{=9/2\mathrm{}}^{+},\tau =4.05\mathrm{}(7)\mathrm{}\mu \mathrm{s},$ $\mu =-1.0011\left(32\right)\mathrm{}$ nm] isomers recoiling out of a ${}^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{Fe}$ target into a Ni and a Pt host.

Analytical expressions of the one- and two-body terms in the cluster expansion of the one-body density matrix and momentum distribution of the $s-p$ and $s-d$ shell nuclei with $N=Z$ are derived. They depend on the harmonic oscillator parameter b and the parameter $\beta$ which originates from the Jastrow correlation function. These parameters have been determined by least squares fit to the experimental charge form factors. The inclusion of short-range correlations increases the high momentum component of the momentum distribution $n\left(\mathbf{k}\right)$ for all nuclei we have considered while there is an A dependence of $n\left(\mathbf{k}\right)$ both at small values of k and the high momentum component. The A dependence of the high momentum component of $n\left(\mathbf{k}\right)$ becomes quite small when the nuclei ${}^{24}\mathrm{Mg},$ ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si},$ and ${}^{32}\mathrm{S}$ are treated as $1d-2s$ shell nuclei having the occupation probability of the $2s$ state as an extra free parameter in the fit to the form factors.

The conversion coefficients for several bandhead decays in ${}^{180}\mathrm{Ta}$ have been measured using pulsed-beam techniques and the ${}^{176}\mathrm{Yb}{(}^7\mathrm{Li}{,3n)}^{180}\mathrm{Ta}$ reaction. The spin and parity of the 520 keV intrinsic state is established as $4^{+}$ and several earlier assignments are confirmed. Two-quasiparticle configurations for the 520 and 592 keV states are discussed and following reanalysis of the band properties, a consistent interpretation is reached. The 520 keV $4^{+}$ state is associated with the favored coupling of the $\nu {1/2}^{-}\left[521\right]\otimes \pi {9/2}^{-}\left[514\right]$ configuration while the 592 keV ${(5\mathrm{}}^{+})$ state is identified with the $\nu {1/2}^{-}\left[510\right]\otimes \pi {9/2}^{-}\left[514\right]$ configuration.

The $n-p$ asymmetry of the material found in the midvelocity or “neck” region of an intermediate energy heavy-ion reaction is determined. In order to accomplish this task, data from two different experiments are utilized. While the $n-p$ asymmetry of the light particles $(Z<~2)$ is enriched in neutrons relative to the bulk matter, the total material found at midrapidity has an asymmetry indistinguishable from that of the entire system.

Fragment kinetic energy spectra for reactions induced by 8.0 $\mathrm{GeV}/c{\pi }^{-}$ beams on a ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ target have been analyzed. The average fragment kinetic energies are observed to increase systematically with fragment charge but are nearly independent of excitation energy. Near $E*/A=5\mathrm{}$ MeV, the data are well accounted for by two statistical multifragmentation models, SMM and SIMON-explosion. However, at higher excitation energies, a small amount of extra energy, proportional to the fragment mass, is required in the models in order to match the experimental fragment’s kinetic energies. This extra expansion energy is small relative to the radial expansion observed in heavy-ion-induced reactions, consistent with the interpretation that the latter expansion may be driven primarily by collective dynamical effects that are not present in light-ion-induced collisions.

A partial-wave analysis (PWA) of $\mathrm{NN}$ elastic scattering data has been completed. This analysis covers an expanded energy range, from threshold to a laboratory kinetic energy of 3 GeV, in order to include recent elastic $\mathrm{pp}$ polarized scattering measurements performed at SATURNE II. Results of the energy-dependent fit are compared with single-energy solutions and Saclay amplitudes obtained via the direct-reconstruction approach. We also comment on the status of ${\epsilon }_1$ in the low-energy region.

An isomer has been observed in the stable nuclide ${}^{153}\mathrm{Eu},$ which primarily decays via a 919-keV gamma ray to the ${17/2}^{+}$ level of the ground-state band. The structure of the isomer has been investigated using an array of eight germanium detectors and an electron spectrometer. The K-shell internal-conversion coefficient of the 919-keV transition has been measured to be $9.8\left(2.4\right)\mathrm{}\times {10}^{-4}$ establishing that this transition has electric-dipole character. This measurement, and the observed decays of the isomer, indicate that the isomer has spin and parity ${19/2}^{-}.$ Using timing measurements against a pulsed beam, the half-life of the isomer has been measured to be 475(10) ns: this suggests high purity for the K quantum number and associated highly K-forbidden decays. The gamma-gamma coincidence data have revealed a rotational band built upon the isomer. The properties of the rotational band are consistent with the configurations $\nu \left[651\right]3/2\otimes \nu \left[505\right]11/2\otimes \pi \left[413\right]5/2,$ and $\nu \left[402\right]3/2\otimes \nu \left[505\right]11/2\otimes \pi \left[413\right]5/2,$ or a mixture of both.

Using the GRID method the lifetimes of 12 states belonging to four negative parity bands in ${}^{168}\mathrm{Er}$ were measured at the high flux reactor of the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL). For $K^{\pi }{=0\mathrm{}}_1^{-}$ and $K^{\pi }{=2\mathrm{}}_1^{-}$ bands the absolute $E1\mathrm{}$ transitions are in agreement with those obtained within the framework of the sdf IBA-1 model and their octupole vibrational character is confirmed.

We construct a coherent state of q-deformed zero coupled nucleon pairs distributed in several single-particle orbits. Using a variational approach, the set of equations of $q\mathrm{BCS}$ theory, to be solved self-consistently for occupation probabilities, gap parameter Δ, and the chemical potential λ, is obtained. Results for valence nucleons in nuclear degenerate sdg major shell show that the strongly coupled zero angular momentum nucleon pairs can be substituted by weakly coupled q-deformed zero angular momentum nucleon pairs. A study of Sn isotopes reveals a well-defined universe of $(G,$ $q)$ values, for which $q\mathrm{BCS}$ converges. While $q\mathrm{BCS}$ and BCS show similar results for gap parameter $\Delta$ in Sn isotopes, the ground state energies are lower in $q\mathrm{BCS}.$ The pairing correlations in N nucleon system increase with increasing q (for q real).

High spin states in ${}^{127,129,131}\mathrm{La}$ have been investigated using the ${}^{100}\mathrm{Mo}{(}^{32}\mathrm{S},p4n),\hspace{0.5em}E=160\mathrm{}\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{MeV},$ ${}^{100}\mathrm{Mo}{(}^{34}\mathrm{S},p4n),\hspace{0.5em}E=155\mathrm{}\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{MeV},$ and ${}^{100}\mathrm{Mo}{(}^{36}\mathrm{S},p4n),\hspace{0.5em}E=160\mathrm{}\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{MeV}$ reactions, respectively. γ rays were detected using the EUROBALL IV ${(}^{127,131}\mathrm{La})$ and EUROGAM II ${(}^{129}\mathrm{La})$ arrays. The results have enabled the negative parity yrast band, built on the $\pi h_{11/2}$ orbital at low spin, and the lowest lying $(\pi ,\alpha )=(+,\pm \frac{1}{2})$ bands to be extended to higher spins. The positive parity, $\alpha =-\frac{1}{2},$ bands in ${}^{127,129}\mathrm{La}$ and the positive parity, $\alpha =\frac{1}{2},$ band in ${}^{127}\mathrm{La}$ can be interpreted, with the aid of cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations, as examples of smoothly terminating bands in valence space based on both signatures of the $\pi \left[{(g}_{7/2}{d}_{5/2}{)}^5{(h}_{11/2}{)}^2\right]\otimes \nu \left[{(g}_{7/2}{d}_{5/2}{)}^x{(h}_{11/2}{)}^6{(d}_{3/2}{s}_{1/2}{)}^2\right]$ configuration, where $x=12,14\mathrm{}$ for ${}^{127,129}\mathrm{La},$ respectively. The favored $\alpha =-\frac{1}{2}$ bands of these configurations are predicted to terminate at ${\frac{95}{2}}^{+}$ and ${\frac{83}{2}}^{+},$ respectively, and experimentally the bands are observed to within two transitions of these terminating states. The data for the positive parity, $\alpha =\frac{1}{2},$ band in ${}^{129}\mathrm{La}$ do not allow any firm conclusions to be made regarding the high spin structure of this band. The positive parity bands in ${}^{131}\mathrm{La}$ have a different structure at high spin compared with the lighter nuclei. In this case the bands may be interpreted in terms of a $\pi \left[{(g}_{7/2}{d}_{5/2}{)}^5{(h}_{11/2}{)}^2\right]\otimes \nu \left[{(g}_{7/2}{d}_{5/2}{)}^{12}{(h}_{11/2}{)}^8{(d}_{3/2}{s}_{1/2}{)}^4\right]$ configuration relative to a ${}^{100}\mathrm{Sn}$ core.

The 270-MeV ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}{+}^A\mathrm{Pd}$ reaction was used for the first recoil-decay tagging measurement with Gammasphere coupled to the Fragment Mass Analyzer at Argonne National Laboratory. Level structures of ${}^{158}\mathrm{Hf}$ and ${}^{159}\mathrm{Hf}$ are identified for the first time, and that of ${}^{160}\mathrm{Hf}$ is extended. The systematical behavior of the energy levels in neighboring isotones and isotopes, as well as the aligned angular momenta as a function of rotational frequency, are examined.

A calculation of the complete Glauber amplitude is formulated with the use of an effective nucleon-target profile function. By relating the profile function to the elementary nucleon-nucleon profile function, a simple formula is derived to calculate the optical phase for nucleus-nucleus scattering. The resultant phase makes it possible to successfully reproduce much reaction cross section data at 800 MeV/nucleon. The effect of Coulomb dissociation on the optical phase is discussed. Its importance is studied in cases of the breakup of ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ and ${}^9\mathrm{Li}$ as well as the elastic scatterings of nuclei such as ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ by heavy targets.

The cross sections for $J/\psi$ absorption by $\pi$ and $\rho$ mesons are studied in a meson-exchange model that includes not only pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar-vector-meson couplings but also three-vector-meson and four-point couplings. We find that they are much larger than in a previous study where only pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar-vector-meson couplings were considered. Including form factors at interaction vertices, the $J/\psi$ absorption cross sections ${\sigma }_{\pi \psi }$ and ${\sigma }_{\rho \psi }$ are found to have values on the order of 7 mb and 3 mb, respectively. Their thermal averages in hadronic matter at temperature $T=150\mathrm{}$ MeV are, respectively, about 1 mb and 2 mb.

Motivated by the recent results for DIS off nuclei from the HERMES experiment we have performed a systematic study of shadowing for transverse and longitudinal photons. We found that the coherence length which controls the onset of nuclear shadowing at small $x_{\mathrm{Bj}}$ is much longer for longitudinal than transverse photons, and is much shorter for shadowing of gluons. The light-cone Green function approach we apply properly treats shadowing in the transition region $x_{\mathrm{Bj}}>\mathrm{0.01.}\mathrm{}$ It also incorporates the nonperturbative effects and is legitimate at small $Q^2.$ We calculate nuclear shadowing and compare with data from the HERMES and NMC experiments. Although we expect different nuclear shadowing for longitudinal and transverse photons, numerically it cannot explain the strong effect observed by the HERMES Collaboration.

The hyperon-hyperon potentials due to a recent SU(3) Nijmegen soft-core potential model are incorporated within a relativistic mean field calculation of strange hadronic matter. We find considerably higher binding energy in bulk matter compared to several recent calculations which constrain the composition of matter. For small strangeness fractions ${(f}_S\lesssim 1),$ matter is dominated by $N\Lambda \Xi$ composition and the calculated binding energy closely follows that calculated by using the hyperon potentials of our previous calculations. For larger strangeness fractions ${(f}_S\gtrsim 1),$ the calculated binding energy increases substantially beyond any previous calculation due to a phase transition into $N\Sigma \Xi$ dominated matter. We also compare bulk matter calculations with finite system calculations, again highlighting the consequences of reducing the Coulomb destabilizing effects in finite strange systems.