High-spin states in ${}^{82}\mathrm{Rb}$ and ${}^{84}\mathrm{Rb}$ were populated in the reaction ${}^{11}\mathrm{B}{+}^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$ at beam energies of 45 and 50 MeV. $\gamma$ rays were detected with the spectrometer GASP. The level schemes of ${}^{82}\mathrm{Rb}$ and ${}^{84}\mathrm{Rb}$ were extended up to 6.0 and 7.4 MeV, respectively. Mean lifetimes of five levels in ${}^{82}\mathrm{Rb}$ and 11 levels in ${}^{84}\mathrm{Rb}$ were determined using the Doppler-shift-attenuation method. Regular magnetic dipole bands including strong $M1\mathrm{}$ and weak $E2\mathrm{}$ transitions observed in both nuclei show the characteristic features of magnetic rotation. These bands have been successfully described in the tilted-axis cranking model on the basis of the four-quasiparticle configuration $\pi \mathrm{}\left(\mathrm{fp}\right)\mathrm{}\hspace{0.5em}\pi {(g}_{9/2}^2\left)\hspace{0.5em}\nu {(g}_{9/2}\right).\mathrm{}$ The calculations reproduce the band-like properties as well as absolute $B\left(M1\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ and $B\left(E2\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ transition strengths in both nuclei, which supports the concept of magnetic rotation. Excited states in ${}^{84}\mathrm{Rb}$ were also interpreted in terms of the shell model using the model space $\pi {(0f}_{5/2}{,1p}_{3/2}{,1p}_{1/2}{,0g}_{9/2})$ $\nu {(1p}_{1/2}{,0g}_{9/2}).\mathrm{}$ The predictions for low-lying states agree in general with the experiment. Moreover, calculated states with the main configuration $\pi {(0f}_{5/2}^{-2}{1p}_{3/2}^{-1}{0g}_{9/2}^2)$ $\nu {(0g}_{9/2}^{-3})$ can be combined into $M1\mathrm{}$ sequences which reproduce roughly the experimental transition strengths. However, these sequences do not show the features of magnetic rotation such as regular level spacings and $B\left(M1\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ values which decrease with increasing rotational frequency.

Light and heavy reaction products in the ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}{+}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ system were measured at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=328.4\mathrm{}\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{MeV}.$ Light products were identified with a time-of-flight magnetic spectrometer and heavy fragments with a multiwire parallel plate detector. From the kinematic coincidence the survival probability of the heavy fragments against fission was derived. Data are well described by semiclassical model calculations including, in addition to all one particle transfers, a proton pair-transfer mode with a macroscopic form factor.

The ΩΩ $(SIJ=-6,0,0)$ dibaryon state is studied with the extended quark-delocalization color-screening model including a π-meson exchange tail, which reproduces the properties of the deuteron quantitatively. We find the mass of the di-Ω to be about 45 MeV lower than the Ω-Ω threshold. The effect of channel coupling due to the tensor force has been calculated and found to be small in this case. We have also studied the effect of other pseudoscalar meson exchanges and sensitivity to the short-range cutoff radius $r_0$ for the meson exchanges.

The failure of finite-range distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations to describe neutron transfer to ${2s}_{1/2}$ states in nuclei such as ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}{,}^{13}\mathrm{N}{,}^{17}\mathrm{O},$ and ${}^{27}\mathrm{Mg}$ is a long-standing problem. Detailed coupled-channels Born approximation and coupled-reaction-channels (CRC) calculations failed to improve on the much simpler DWBA calculations. This work presents results suggesting that the vital step necessary to obtain agreement between CRC calculations and data in the case of the ${2s}_{1/2}$ state in ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ is an increase in the radius of the potential binding the neutron to the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ core, leading to a considerable extension of the neutron radial wave function. The source of this extension is shown to arise from the deformation of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ core.

Six resonances in the reaction ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si}(\alpha ,\gamma {)}^{32}\mathrm{S}$ below 3 MeV were studied. The $\gamma$ decay of these resonances was observed with a HPGe detector. Previous results for resonance strengths have been verified, but the uncertainties of the strengths could be reduced significantly. Improved astrophysical reaction rates were determined with the measured resonance strengths.

The cross section for $p{-}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ inelastic scattering at 68 MeV/nucleon is evaluated using the multiple scattering expansion of the total transition amplitude (MST) formalism, and compared with the breakup in the shakeoff approximation. Three different potential models for ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ are used to calculate the ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}{(p,p}^{\prime })$ continuum excitations, and all show peaks below 3 MeV of excitation energy, both in resonant and some nonresonant channels. In the most realistic model of ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li},$ there is a strong dipole contribution associated with attractive but not a fully-fledged resonant phase shifts, and some evidence for a $J_{\mathrm{nn}}^{\pi }{=0\mathrm{}}_2^{+}$ resonant contribution. These together form a pronounced peak at around 1–2 MeV excitation, in agreement with experiment, and this supports the use of the MST as an adequate formalism to study excited modes of two-neutron nuclear halos.

A detailed study of inclusive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) from mirror $A=3\mathrm{}$ nuclei at large values of the Bjorken variable x is presented. The main purpose is to estimate the theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the neutron DIS structure function from such nuclear measurements. On the one hand, within models in which no modification of the bound nucleon structure functions is taken into account, we have investigated the possible uncertainties arising from (i) charge symmetry breaking terms in the nucleon-nucleon interaction, (ii) finite $Q^2$ effects neglected in the Bjorken limit, (iii) the role of different prescriptions for the nucleon spectral function normalization providing baryon number conservation, and (iv) the differences between the virtual-nucleon and light-cone formalisms. Although these effects have not yet been considered in existing analyses, our conclusion is that all these effects cancel at the level of $\approx 1\%$ for $x\lesssim 0.75,$ in overall agreement with previous findings. On the other hand, we have considered several models in which the modification of the bound nucleon structure functions is accounted for to describe the EMC effect in DIS scattering from nuclei. It turns out that within these models the cancellation of nuclear effects is expected to occur only at a level of $\approx 3\%,$ leading to an accuracy of $\approx 12\%$ in the extraction of the neutron to proton structure function ratio at $x\approx 0.7–\mathrm{0.8.}$ Another consequence of considering a broad range of models of the EMC effect is that the previously suggested iteration procedure does not improve the accuracy of the extraction of the neutron to proton structure function ratio.

The $\eta -3N$ interaction is studied within the four-body scattering theory adopting purely separable forms for the two- and three-body subamplitudes, limiting the basic two-body interactions to s waves only. The corresponding separable approximation for the integral kernels is obtained by using the Hilbert-Schmidt procedure. Results are presented for the $\eta {-}^3\mathrm{H}$ scattering amplitude and for the total elastic cross section for energies below the triton break-up threshold.

The transition quadrupole moments for the proton $h_{9/2}\left[541\right]{1/2}^{-},$ $d_{5/2}\left[402\right]{5/2}^{+},$ and $h_{11/2}\left[514\right]{9/2}^{-}$ bands are measured in ${}^{177}\mathrm{Re}$ using the recoil distance measurement technique. The high spin states in ${}^{177}\mathrm{Re}$ were populated using the fusion evaporation reaction ${}^{165}\mathrm{Ho}$ ${(}^{16}\mathrm{O}{,4n)}^{177}\mathrm{Re}$ at an energy of 84 MeV. The deformation for the $h_{9/2}$ band is found to be larger $(\sim 0.25)$ than the deformation for the $d_{5/2}$ $(\sim 0.20)$ and $h_{11/2}$ $(\sim 0.22)$ bands. The experimental transition probabilities for these bands are compared with those from projected Hartree-Fock microscopic calculations. For the $h_{9/2}$ ground state band the results are also compared with total Routhian surfaces calculations within the cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov framework. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with the theoretical predictions.

A simple functional form has been found that gives a good representation of the total reaction cross sections for the scattering of protons from (15) nuclei spanning the mass range from ${}^9\mathrm{Be}$ to ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}$ and for proton energies ranging from 20 to 300 MeV.

We investigate the validity of the semiclassical approximation for the breakup of weakly bound nuclei. For this purpose, we calculate angular distributions in the breakup of ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ in the ${}^8\mathrm{B}{+}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ collision at sub-barrier energies and compare the results with those of a quantum mechanical calculation available in the literature. We show that the semiclassical results are very close to those obtained by quantum mechanics.

Properties of the three-nucleon bound state are examined in the Faddeev formalism, in which the quark-model nucleon-nucleon interaction is explicitly incorporated to calculate the off-shell T matrix. The most recent version, fss2, of the Kyoto-Niigata quark-model potential yields the ground-state energy ${E(}^3\mathrm{H})=-8.514\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{MeV}$ in the 34 channel calculation, when the $\mathrm{np}$ interaction is used for the nucleon-nucleon interaction. The charge root mean square radii of the ${}^3\mathrm{H}$ and ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ are 1.72 fm and 1.90 fm, respectively, including the finite size correction of the nucleons. These values are the closest to the experiments among many results obtained by detailed Faddeev calculations employing modern realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction models.

Evidence for the existence of the lowest $N=24\mathrm{}$ and $N=28\mathrm{}$ cluster bands with the ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}{+}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ cluster structure in ${}^{32}\mathrm{S}$ is shown from the viewpoint of unified description of bound and scattering states of the ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}{+}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ system. The ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}{+}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ cluster band structure, the gross structure of the $90°$ excitation function ${\mathrm{for}}^{16}\mathrm{O}{+}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ elastic scattering, and the Airy minima are understood in a unified way. The existence of the unobserved $N=26\mathrm{}$ higher nodal band is predicted.

Experimental evidence for the coexistence of states with different $K^{\pi }$ value was found in ${}^{50}\mathrm{Cr}.$ The bandcrossing of the ${K=0\mathrm{}}^{+}$ ground state band with a ${K=10\mathrm{}}^{+}$ one is confirmed. Large scale shell model calculations could explain all of the observed experimental features and in particular the known experimental Coulomb energy differences in the mirror pair ${}^{50}\mathrm{Fe}{-}^{50}\mathrm{Cr}.$

The structures of the ground and excited states of ${}^{11}\mathrm{Be}$ were studied with a microscopic method of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics. The theoretical results reproduce the abnormal parity of the ground state and predict various kinds of excited states. We suggest a new negative-parity band with a well-developed cluster structure which reaches high-spin states. Focusing on a $2\alpha$ cluster structure, we investigated the structure of the ground and excited states. We point out that molecular orbits play important roles for the intruder ground state and the low-lying $2ħ\omega$ states. The features of the breaking of $\alpha$ clusters were also studied with the help of data for Gamow-Teller transitions.

The relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) model is extended to include density-dependent meson-nucleon couplings. The effective Lagrangian is characterized by a phenomenological density dependence of the $\sigma ,$ $\omega ,$ and $\rho$ meson-nucleon vertex functions, adjusted to properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei. Pairing correlations are described by the pairing part of the finite range Gogny interaction. The new density-dependent effective interaction DD-ME1 is tested in the analysis of the equations of state for symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter, and of ground-state properties of the Sn and Pb isotopic chains. Results of self-consistent RHB calculations are compared with experimental data, and with results previously obtained in the RHB model with nonlinear self-interactions, as well as in the density-dependent relativistic hadron field (DDRH) model. Parity-violating elastic electron scattering on Pb and Sn nuclei is calculated using a relativistic optical model with inclusion of Coulomb distortion effects, and the resulting asymmetry parameters are related to the neutron ground-state density distributions.

The nonrelativistic full-folding optical model approach for nucleon-nucleus scattering is extended into the relativistic regime. In doing so, kinematical issues involving the off-shell Lorentz boost of the colliding particles between the two nucleons and the projectile-nucleus center-of-mass reference frames have been taken into account. The two-body effective interaction is obtained in the framework of the nuclear matter g matrix using nucleon-nucleon optical model potentials that fully account for the inelasticities and isobar resonances in the continuum at nucleon energies up to 3 GeV. Diverse nucleon-nucleon $\mathrm{}\left(\mathrm{NN}\right)\mathrm{}$ potential models were constructed by supplementing the basic Paris, Nijmegen, Argonne, or Gel’fand-Levitan-Marchenko inversion potentials with complex separable terms. In each case the additional separable terms ensured that the combination led to NN scattering phase shifts in excellent agreement with experimental values. With each phase shift fitting potential nuclear matter g matrices have been formed and with each of those relativistic full-folding optical potentials for nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering determined. Application to such scattering for projectile energies up to 1.5 GeV have been made. Good and systematic agreement is obtained between the calculated and measured observables, both differential and integrated quantities, over the whole energy range of our study. A moderate sensitivity to off-shell effects in the differential scattering observables also is observed.

We discuss the effects of intrinsic degrees of freedom on the barrier transmission probability of a macroscopic variable especially in the case when the intrinsic motion is initially in an excited state based on coupled-channels calculations. We analyze in detail the dependence of channel-coupling effects on the degree of adiabaticity, the properties of the intrinsic motion such as the number of coupled intrinsic states and the nature of either vibrational or rotational couplings, and the location of the coupling form factor. We show that significant transitions from excited states to the ground state take place in the low-energy region even in the cases where one would expect almost no nonadiabatic transitions because of the large excitation energy of the intrinsic motion. This suggests the fusion barrier to be renormalized by a tunneling-assisted intrinsic transition. We also analytically show that the potential renormalization by a fast environment crucially depends on whether it is initially in the ground or in the excited states and on the number of coupled intrinsic states.

Distributions of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and mean transverse energy near mid-rapidity have been measured in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=130\mathrm{}\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{GeV}$ at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. By comparing the distributions to what is expected for statistically independent particle emission, the magnitude of nonstatistical fluctuations in mean transverse momentum is determined to be consistent with zero. Also, no significant nonrandom fluctuations in mean transverse energy are observed. By constructing a fluctuation model with two event classes that preserve the mean and variance of the semi-inclusive $p_T$ or $e_T$ spectra, we exclude a region of fluctuations in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=130\mathrm{}\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{GeV}$ Au+Au collisions.

We reanalyze the ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}(p,\gamma {)}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ radiative capture reaction within the R-matrix approach. The low-energy astrophysical S factor has important contributions from both resonant and onresonant captures. The normalization of the nonresonant component of the transition to a particular ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ bound state is expressed in terms of the asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC). In the analysis we use the experimental ANC’s inferred from $\mathrm{the}{}^{13}\mathrm{C}{(}^{14}\mathrm{N}{,}^{13}\mathrm{C}{)}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ and ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}{(}^3\mathrm{He}{,d)}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ reactions. The fits of the calculated S factors to the experimental data are sensitive to the ANC values and are used to test the extracted ANC’s. We find that for transitions to all the states $\mathrm{in}{}^{14}\mathrm{N},$ except the third excited state, the ANC’s determined from the transfer reactions provide the best fit. The astrophysical factor we obtain, $S\left(0\right)=7.7\mathrm{}\pm 1.1\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{keV}\mathrm{}\mathrm{b},$ is in excellent agreement with previous results.