A natural gold target was irradiated with the antiproton beam from the low-energy antiproton ring at CERN. Antiprotons of $200\mathrm{MeV}/c$ momentum were stopped in a thick target, products of their annihilations on Au nuclei were detected using the off-line $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy method. In total, yields for 114 residual nuclei were determined, providing a dataset to deduce the complete mass and charge distribution of all products with $A\gtrsim 20$ from a fitting procedure. The contribution of evaporation and fission decay modes to the total reaction cross section as well as the mean mass loss were estimated. The fission probability for Au absorbing antiprotons at rest was determined to be equal to $(3.8\mathrm{}\pm 0.5)\%,$ in good agreement with an estimation derived using other techniques. The mass-charge yield distribution was compared with the results obtained for proton and pion induced gold fragmentation. On average, the energy released in $\overline{p}$ annihilation is similar to that introduced by $\approx 1\mathrm{GeV}$ protons. However, compared to proton bombardment products, the yield distribution of antiproton absorption residues in the $N-Z$ plane is clearly distinct. The data for antiprotons exhibit also a substantial influence of odd-even and shell effects.

We have searched for the production of element 112 in the reaction of 231 MeV ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ with ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}.$ We have not observed any events with a “one-event” upper limit cross section of 1.6 pb for evaporation residue- (EVR-) fission events and 1.8 pb for EVR-alpha events.

Generalized isoscaling relationships which may permit one to relate the isotopic distributions of systems that may not be at the same temperature are proposed. The proposed relationships are applied to multifragmentation excitation functions for central $\mathrm{Kr}+\mathrm{Nb}$ and $\mathrm{Ar}+\mathrm{Sc}$ collisions.

We demonstrate that the binding energies ${\epsilon }_{\eta }$ and widths ${\Gamma }_{\eta }$ of η-mesic nuclei depend strongly on the subthreshold η-nucleon interaction. This strong dependence is made evident from comparing three different η-nucleus optical potentials: (1) a microscopic optical potential taking into account the full effects of the off-shell $\eta N$ interaction; (2) a factorization approximation to the microscopic optical potential where a downward energy shift parameter is introduced to approximate the subthreshold $\eta N$ interaction; and (3) an optical potential using the on-shell $\eta N$ scattering length as the interaction input. Our analysis indicates that the in-medium $\eta N$ interaction for bound-state formation is about 30 MeV below the free-space $\eta N$ threshold, which causes a substantial reduction of the attractive force between the η and nucleon with respect to that implied by the scattering length. Consequently, the scattering-length approach overpredicts the ${\epsilon }_{\eta }$ and caution must be exercised when these latter predictions are used as guide in searching for η-nucleus bound states. We also show that final-state-interaction analysis cannot provide an unequivocal determination of the existence of the η-nucleus bound state. More direct measurements are, therefore, necessary.

The previous experimental data on β-delayed proton decays of ${}^{142}\mathrm{Ho}$ and ${}^{128}\mathrm{Pm}$ were compared with a statistical-model calculation. As a result, the spins of both ${}^{142}\mathrm{Ho}$ and ${}^{128}\mathrm{Pm}$ were assigned as 5, 6, or 7. Nuclear potential-energy surface calculations were performed using the Woods-Saxon-Strutinsky method. The calculated results support the assignments of $7^{-}$ to ${}^{142}\mathrm{Ho}$ and $6^{+}$ to ${}^{128}\mathrm{Pm}.$

A microscopic cluster model assuming $\alpha$-, triton, and single-neutron clusters is applied to the halo nucleus ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ and to its subsystems ${}^9\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}^{10}\mathrm{Li}.$ This model is consistent with an earlier successful description of ${}^{7,8,9}\mathrm{Li}.$ The results for the energies, radii, and other properties of ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ are satisfactory. The binding of ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ receives comparable contributions from p- and s-wave single-particle states. The two-neutron halo of ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ is confirmed to be prominent although it is reduced by core distortion.

The $\Delta I=1\mathrm{}$ band built on the $5645\mathrm{keV}$ ${(14\mathrm{}}^{-})$ level in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Ce}$ has been extended to the $9228\mathrm{keV}$ ${(23\mathrm{}}^{-})$ level using an eight CS-Clover array with $14$ element NaI(Tl) multiplicity filter. The crossover $E2\mathrm{}$ transitions have been identified for the first time. The lifetimes of the ${18}^{-}$ to ${22}^{-}$ levels have also been measured by the Doppler shift attenuation method. The observed band is reproduced well by the “tilted axis cranking”(TAC) calculations for the four quasiparticle $\nu h_{11/2}^{-2}\otimes \pi g_{7/2}{h}_{11/2}$ configuration having a small oblate deformation $({\epsilon }_2\sim 0.11)$ and a tilt angle of $32°.$ The measured $B(M1,\overrightarrow{I}I-1)/B(E2,\overrightarrow{I}I-2)$ ratios as well as the $B(M1,\overrightarrow{I}I-1)$ values for ${18}^{-}$ to ${23}^{-}$ levels show a decrease with increasing rotational frequency in agreement with these calculations, thus confirming the “magnetic rotation” (MR) nature of the band. The calculations also reveal the presence of a second minimum in energy for the four quasiparticle $\nu h_{11/2}^{-2}\otimes \pi g_{7/2}{h}_{11/2}$ configuration having triaxial shape with $\gamma =21\mathrm{}°.$ This minimum also supports a closely lying band with a tilt angle of $82°,$ implying principal axis cranking (PAC). The measured values of $B(M1,\overrightarrow{I}I-1)/B(E2,\overrightarrow{I}I-2)$ ratios, which are quite small at the lower spins, are also in agreement with the calculated values for the triaxial shape and a mixing with the near oblate shape. The sudden rise in the $B\left(M1\mathrm{}\right)/B\left(E2\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ values at $I=18\mathrm{}$ clearly indicates a transition from the PAC regime to magnetic rotation, which is induced by the shape change.

We investigate the effect of energy loss of jets in high energy heavy ion collisions by using a full three-dimensional space-time evolution of a fluid combined with (mini)jets that are explicitly evolved in space-time. In order to fit the ${\pi }^0$ data for the $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=130\mathrm{}\mathrm{GeV},$ the space-time averaged energy loss $dE/dx(\tau <~3\mathrm{fm}/c)=0.36\mathrm{}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{f}\mathrm{m}$ is extracted within the model. It is found that most energy loss occurs at the very early time less than $2\mathrm{fm}/c$ in the QGP phase and that energy loss in the mixed phase is negligible within our parametrization for jet energy loss. This is a consequence of strong expansion of the system.

We study the effects of in-medium hadronic properties on shadowing in photon-nucleus interactions in the Glauber model as well as in the multiple scattering approach. A reasonable agreement with the experimental data is obtained in a scenario of a downward spectral shift of the hadrons. Shadowing is found to be insensitive to the broadening of the spectral functions. An impact parameter dependent analysis of shadowing might shed more light on the role of in-medium properties of hadrons.

A momentum-space representation is derived for the Nijmegen extended-soft-core interactions. The partial wave projection of this representation is carried through, in principle for two-meson exchange in general. Explicit results for the momentum-space partial wave $\mathrm{NN}$ potentials from PS-PS exchange are given.

The partial wave projection of the Nijmegen soft-core potential model for meson-pair-exchange (MPE) for $\mathrm{NN}$ scattering in momentum space is presented. Here, nucleon-nucleon momentum-space MPE potentials are $\mathrm{NN}$ interactions where either one or both nucleons contains a meson-pair vertex. Dynamically, the meson-pair vertices can be viewed as describing in an effective way (part of) the effects of heavy-meson exchange and meson-nucleon resonances. From the point of view of “duality,” these two kinds of contribution are roughly equivalent. Part of the MPE vertices can be found in the chiral-invariant phenomenological Lagrangians that have a basis in spontaneous broken chiral symmetry. It is shown that the MPE interactions are a very important component of the nuclear force, which indeed enables a very successful description of the low and medium energy $\mathrm{NN}$ data. Here we present a precise fit to the $\mathrm{NN}$ data with the extended-soft-core model containing one-boson-exchange, PS-PS-, and MPE potentials. An excellent description of the $\mathrm{NN}$ data for $T_{\mathrm{Lab}}<~350\mathrm{MeV}$ is presented and discussed. Phase shifts are given and a ${\chi }_{\mathrm{pdp}}^2=1.15\mathrm{}$ is reached.

A Lorentz boosted two-nucleon potential is introduced in the context of equal time relativistic quantum mechanics. The dynamical input for the boosted nucleon-nucleon $\mathrm{}\left(\mathrm{NN}\right)\mathrm{}$ potential is based on realistic $\mathrm{NN}$ potentials, which by a suitable scaling of the momenta are transformed into $\mathrm{NN}$ potentials belonging to a relativistic two-nucleon Schrödinger equation in the c.m. system. This resulting Lorentz boosted potential is consistent with a previously introduced boosted two-body t matrix. It is applied in relativistic Faddeev equations for the three-nucleon bound state to calculate the ${}^3\mathrm{H}$ binding energy. Like in previous calculations the boost effects for the two-body subsystems are repulsive and lower the binding energy.

We report on quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the ground and low-lying excited states of $A=9,10\mathrm{}$ nuclei using realistic Hamiltonians containing the Argonne $v_{18}$ two-nucleon potential alone or with one of several three-nucleon potentials, including Urbana IX and three of the new Illinois models. The calculations begin with correlated many-body wave functions that have an $\alpha$-like core and multiple p-shell nucleons, $\mathrm{LS}$-coupled to the appropriate ${(J}^{\pi };T)$ quantum numbers for the state of interest. After optimization, these variational trial functions are used as input to a Green’s function Monte Carlo calculation of the energy, using a constrained path algorithm. We find that the Hamiltonians that include Illinois three-nucleon potentials reproduce ten states in ${}^9\mathrm{Li},$ ${}^9\mathrm{Be},$ ${}^{10}\mathrm{Be},$ and ${}^{10}\mathrm{B}$ with an rms deviation as little as 900 keV. In particular, we obtain the correct $3^{+}$ ground state for ${}^{10}\mathrm{B},$ whereas the Argonne $v_{18}$ alone or with Urbana IX predicts a $1^{+}$ ground state. In addition, we calculate isovector and isotensor energy differences, electromagnetic moments, and one- and two-body density distributions.

High-spin states in ${}^{128}\mathrm{Ca}$ were populated with the ${}^{92}\mathrm{Mo}$ ${(}^{40}\mathrm{Ca},2p2n)$ reaction at a beam energy of 184 MeV. The previously known ground-state band has been extended to $I^{\pi }{=(34\mathrm{}}^{+})$ and four sidebands were observed. Configuration assignments for these sidebands are discussed based on their alignment behavior. A significant delay of the $\nu h_{11/2}$ crossing frequency is observed in the $A\sim 130$ region, with the largest delays occurring consistently at $N=70.\mathrm{}$ Cranked shell model calculations were performed in order to investigate whether a variation of deformation and/or pairing parameters can account for this phenomenon.

To fully utilize experimental internal conversion coefficients, one needs a reliable calculation of theoretical values. We have assembled a set of 100 experimental conversion coefficients, 45 ${\alpha }_K$ and 55 ${\alpha }_T$ values, measured with an accuracy of better than 5%, and generated the corresponding theoretical values using two methods, relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater (RHFS) and relativistic Dirac-Fock (DF). Extensive comparisons of the experimental values with the two sets of theoretical values show that the DF method is clearly superior to the RHFS method in the overall reproduction of the experimental internal conversion coefficients. We discuss in some detail the differences between various versions of these two theoretical approaches, with a view to understanding which of these differences are most critical to obtaining agreement with experiment.

The magnetic dipole $\mathrm{}\left(M1\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ operator consists not only of the usually dominant isovector (IV) spin $\left(\sigma \tau \right)$ term, but also of IV orbital $\left(l\tau \right),$ isoscalar (IS) spin $\left(\sigma \right),$ and IS orbital (l) terms. On the other hand, the Gamow-Teller (GT) operator contains only the $\sigma \tau$ term. Under the assumption that isospin is a good quantum number, isobaric analog structure is expected in a pair of $T=1/2\mathrm{}$ mirror nuclei, and thus analogous transitions are found. For the $M1\mathrm{}$ transitions in the $T=1/2\mathrm{}$ mirror nuclei pair ${}^{23}\mathrm{Na}{-}^{23}\mathrm{Mg},$ the contributions of these various terms have been studied by comparing the strengths of the analogous $M1\mathrm{}$ $\gamma$ transitions and the GT transitions deduced from high-resolution ${}^{23}\mathrm{Na}{(}^3\mathrm{He}{,t)}^{23}\mathrm{Mg}$ charge-exchange measurements. In some $M1\mathrm{}$ transitions, unusually large orbital contributions were observed even for strong transitions, while in some others, almost no orbital contribution was found. It is known that ${}^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ and ${}^{23}\mathrm{Mg}$ are deformed. The large difference of the orbital contributions is explained based on the different selection rules for l and $\sigma$ operators in transitions connecting different deformed bands. Precise excitation energies are determined for the states above the proton separation energy in ${}^{23}\mathrm{Mg}.$ These states are of astrophysical interest because of their important role played in the ${}^{22}\mathrm{Na}(p,\gamma {)}^{23}\mathrm{Mg}$ reaction of the Ne-Na cycle in nucleosynthesis.

A general procedure, based on the Bethe ansatz, is proposed for finding algebraic solutions for low-lying $J=0\mathrm{}$ states of $2k$ nucleons interacting with one another through a $T=1\mathrm{}$ charge-independent pairing interaction. The results provided by Richardson are shown to be valid for up to two pairs, $k<~2;$ expressions are given here for up to three pairs, $k<~3.$ The results show that a set of highly nonlinear equations must be solved for $k>~3.$

The isoscalar dipole (compression) mode is studied first using the schematic harmonic-oscillator model, and then the self-consistent Hartree-Fock (HF) and random-phase approximation (RPA) are solved in coordinate space. Taking ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ and the Skyrme teraction as a numerical example, the spurious component and the strength in the continuum are carefully examined using the sum rules. It is pointed out that in the continuum calculation one has to use an extremely fine radial mesh in HF and RPA in order to separate, with good accuracy, the spurious component from intrinsic excitations.

Monoenergetic photons between 8.8 and 11.4 MeV were scattered elastically and inelastically (Raman) from natural targets of Au, Dy, and In. 15 new cross sections were measured. Evidence is presented for a slight deformation in the ${}^{197}$Au nucleus, generally believed to be spherical. It is predicted, on the basis of these measurements, that the giant dipole resonance of Dy is very similar to that of ${}^{160}\mathrm{Gd}.\mathrm{}$ A narrow isolated resonance at 9.0 MeV is observed in In.

The binding energy, charge radius, and quadrupole deformation parameter for the isotopic chain of the superheavy element bohrium ${(}_{107}\mathrm{Bh}),$ from proton to neutron drip line, are calculated by using an axially deformed relativistic mean field model. The potential energy surfaces for some of the selected nuclei are plotted and the various possible shapes are investigated. The rms radii, density distributions, and two-neutron separation energies are also evaluated and the single-particle energies for some illustrative cases are analyzed to see the magic structures. Furthermore, the $\alpha$-decay rates are calculated and compared with the available experimental data for the recently observed new isotopes ${}^{266,267}\mathrm{Bh}.$