The neutron/proton distributions in nuclei, in particular, the n-p difference, are considered in a “macroscopic” Thomas-Fermi approach. The density dependence $F\left(\rho \right)$ of the symmetry-energy density, where ρ is the total density, drives this difference in the absence of Coulomb and density-gradient contributions when we obtain an explicit solution for the difference in terms of F. If F is constant then the n-p difference and, in particular, the difference $\delta R$ between the neutron and proton rms radii are zero. The Coulomb energy and gradient terms are treated variationally. The latter make only a small contribution to the n-p difference, and this is then effectively determined by F. The Coulomb energy reduces $\delta R.\mathrm{}$ Switching off the Coulomb contribution to the n-p difference then gives the maximum $\delta R$ for a given F. Our numerical results are for ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}.$ We consider a wide range of F; for these, both $\delta R$ and the ratio χ of the surface to volume symmetry-energy coefficient depend, approximately, only on an integral involving $F^{-1}.$ For $\delta R\lesssim 0.45\mathrm{fm}$ this dependence is one valued and approximately linear for small $\delta R,$ and this integral is then effectively determined by $\delta R.\mathrm{}$ There is a strong correlation between $\delta R$ and χ, allowing an approximate determination of χ from $\delta R.\mathrm{}$ $\delta R$ has a maximum of ≅0.65 fm.

We investigate the formation cross sections of the deeply bound pionic atoms on halo nuclei theoretically. We consider one-neutron pickup ${(d,}^3\mathrm{He})$ reaction for the pionic atom formation and find that the formation rate is significantly increased by the existence of the halo neutron with long tail of the wave function. This enhancement is expected to increase the experimental feasibility for the formation of the deeply bound pionic states on $\beta$-unstable nuclei.

We present a simple and efficient method for calculating excitation energies and transition probabilities of low-lying states described by Hartree-Fock (HF) plus random-phase approximation (RPA) with Skyrme force. The method employs conjugate gradient method to solve the RPA equations in the mixed representation of coordinate and occupied orbitals, which was proposed recently. To obtain accurate results with coarse mesh (1 fm) calculation, we find a useful prescription. Performing self-consistently three-dimensional Cartesian mesh calculation with Lagrange mesh method in solving HF and RPA equations, we take an average of quantities calculated with even and odd mesh points in one direction. As a demonstration of our method, we show the numerical results of energies for spurious mode of translation of ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and the excitation energies and reduced transition probabilities for first $3^{-}$ state of ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}.$

The ${}^{11}{\overrightarrow{\mathrm{Be}}}^{10}\mathrm{Be}+n$ breakup effect on the elastic scattering of ${}^{11}\mathrm{Be}$ by ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ at $E/A=49.3\mathrm{}$ MeV is investigated by the method of continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) based on the ${}^{10}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{e}+n+\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{t}$ three-body model. The CDCC calculation well reproduces the experimental data of the elastic scattering, which is consistent with the result of recent studies based on the adiabatic three-body models. The breakup effect is significant and the coupling to the p-wave continuum states and the d-wave resonance state have a dominant contribution to the breakup effect. Dynamical polarization potential which simulates the breakup effect is evaluated and found to have a weakly repulsive real part and a long-range imaginary part of absorptive nature, characteristic of the weakly bound projectile with neutron halo.

We suggest to measure the triple polarization correlations in the exclusive associative charm particle photoproduction, $\overrightarrow{\gamma }+\overrightarrow{p}\to {\overrightarrow{\Lambda }}_c^{+}+\overline{D^0}$ with linearly polarized photons, as a method to determine the P parity of the charmed D meson. The dependence of these correlations on the parity $P\left(N{\Lambda }_{c}D\right)$ can be predicted in a model independent way. The t dependence of the differential cross section for vector meson photoproduction, $\gamma +\overrightarrow{p}{\Lambda }_c^{+}+\overline{D^{*0}},$ in a model based on D exchange, is also sensitive to $P\left(N{\Lambda }_{c}D\right).\mathrm{}$

Recent advances in the study of equations of state of thermal lattice quantum chromodynamics obtained at nonzero baryon density allow validation of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) liquid model equations of state (EOS). We study here the properties of the QGP-EOS near to the phase transformation boundary at finite baryon density and show a close agreement with the lattice results.

We compute cross sections for inclusive scattering of high-energy electrons on ${}^4\mathrm{He},$ based on the two lowest orders of the Gersch-Rodriguez-Smith series. The required one- and two-particle density matrices are obtained from nonrelativistic ${}^4\mathrm{He}$ wave functions using realistic models for the nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon interaction. The computed results for $E=3.6\mathrm{}\mathrm{GeV}$ agree well with the NE3 SLAC-Virginia data.

The bound states of ${}^3\mathrm{H}$ and ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ have been calculated by using the Argonne $v_{18}$ plus the Urbana IX three-nucleon potential. The isospin $T=3/2\mathrm{}$ state have been included in the calculations as well as the $n-p$ mass difference. The ${}^3\mathrm{H}{-}^3\mathrm{He}$ mass difference has been evaluated through the charge-dependent terms explicitly included in the two-body potential. The calculations have been performed using two different methods: the solution of the Faddeev equations in momentum space and the expansion on the correlated hyperspherical harmonic basis. The results are in agreement within $0.1\%$ and can be used as benchmark tests. Results for the charge-dependent–Bonn interaction in conjunction with the Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force are also presented. It is shown that the ${}^3\mathrm{H}$ and ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ binding energy difference can be predicted model independently.

High-spin states of the neutron-rich odd nuclei ${}^{159,161,163}\mathrm{Dy}$ have been studied using the incomplete fusion reactions ${}^{158,160}\mathrm{Gd}{(}^7\mathrm{Li},(p,d,t)xn).\mathrm{}$ In ${}^{159}\mathrm{Dy},$ the band crossing in the ${11/2}^{-}\left[505\right]$ band has been observed for the first time. Moreover, 11 $E1\mathrm{}$ transitions connecting both signatures of the ${3/2}^{-}\left[521\right]$ band to the ${5/2}^{+}\left[642\right]$ band have been observed in this nucleus; the deduced $B\left(E1\mathrm{}\right)/B\left(E2\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ ratios as well as the $B\left(M1\mathrm{}\right)/B\left(E2\mathrm{}\right)\mathrm{}$ ratios for transitions within the ${3/2}^{-}\left[521\right]$ band show a pronounced signature dependence. In ${}^{161}\mathrm{Dy}$ and ${}^{163}\mathrm{Dy},$ rotational bands have been extended to significantly higher spin values. In ${}^{161}\mathrm{Dy},$ the sequences built on the neutron ${5/2}^{-}\left[523\right]$ and ${3/2}^{-}\left[521\right]$ states have been followed up to spin ${49/2}^{-}$ and ${33/2}^{-},$ respectively, and in both cases upbends have been observed around $ħ\omega \approx 0.26$ MeV. In addition, a new band most probably built on the ${11/2}^{-}\left[505\right]$ single-particle state has been identified in this isotope. In ${}^{163}\mathrm{Dy},$ both the ${5/2}^{-}\left[523\right]$ ground state band and the structure built on the ${5/2}^{+}\left[642\right]$ neutron orbit have been extended up to the ${45/2}^{-}$ and ${49/2}^{+}$ states, respectively. However, no band crossing has been observed in this nucleus. The properties of the observed bands in ${}^{159,161,163}\mathrm{Dy}$ are discussed and compared to calculations performed within the projected shell model.

We suggested earlier that the energies of low-lying states in large shell-model spaces converge to their exact values exponentially as a function of the dimension in progressive truncation. An algorithm based on this exponential convergence method was proposed and successfully used for describing the ground state energies in the lowest $|\Delta \left(N-Z\right)|$ nuclides from ${}^{42}\mathrm{Ca}$ to ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ using the $\mathrm{fp}$-shell model and the FPD6 interaction. We extend this algorithm to describe nonyrast states, especially those that exhibit a large collectivity, such as the superdeformed band in ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}.$ We also show that a similar algorithm can be used to calculate expectation values of observables, such as single-particle occupation probabilities.

A high-resolution nuclear resonance fluorescence experiment with bremsstrahlung of continuous energy has been performed on ${}^{108}\mathrm{Cd},$ the rarest of the stable Cd isotopes. Accurate lifetimes of dipole excitations in the energy range of 2.6–3.9 MeV have been deduced. A magnetic dipole excitation at 3454 keV shows a decay pattern meeting the expectations for the $1_{\mathrm{ms}}^{+}$ state in a nucleus located on the transitional path between vibrational U(5) and $\gamma$-soft O(6) dynamical symmetry in the framework of the interacting boson model 2. We extended the systematics of quadrupole-octupole coupled electric dipole excitations $1^{-}$ in the chain of even-mass Cd isotopes at its neutron deficient end.

Enhanced production of unusually neutron-deficient heavy fragments was observed in the fission of the compound system formed in two different heavy-ion-induced reactions. The relative intensities of the fragments were determined from in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy with Gammasphere. Two peaks were observed in the distributions for Ba and Ce fission fragments. The lighter peak, comprised of neutron-deficient isotopes, cannot be reproduced by statistical calculations. A possible explanation of the enhanced production of these neutron-deficient heavy fragments is discussed.

We discuss the effect of nuclear medium on the inclusive ${(e,e}^{\prime })$ reactions for ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ and ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ targets by introducing the form factors of the nucleons inside nuclei in the quasielastic region. These form factors include the change of nucleon properties in nuclear medium. Longitudinal and transverse structure functions for given momenta and energy transfers are extracted from the cross section calculated by using the form factors with the Rosenbluth separation method. A relativistic Hartree single particle model for the bound state and continuum nucleon wave functions is used and the effects of the electron Coulomb distortion are included in the calculation. We compare the results with the experimental data measured at Bates and Saclay.

We evaluate pionic decay widths of Λ hypernuclei using a shell model for both the nuclear bound and continuum nucleon wave functions in the final state and distorted waves for the outgoing pion. An excellent agreement with the recent KEK measurement of ${\pi }^{-}$-decay widths of ${}_{\Lambda }^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}_{\Lambda }^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ is found. In addition, results for ${}_{\Lambda }^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$ are consistent with the existing upper bound.

The vector meson strong decays $\overrightarrow{\rho }\pi \pi ,$ $\overrightarrow{\phi }KK,$ and $K^{\star }\to \pi K$ are studied within a covariant approach based on the ladder-rainbow truncation of the QCD Dyson-Schwinger equation for the quark propagator and the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the mesons. The model preserves the one-loop behavior of QCD in the ultraviolet regime, has two infrared parameters, and implements quark confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. The three-point decay amplitudes are described in impulse approximation. The Bethe-Salpeter study motivates a method for estimating the masses of heavier mesons within this model without continuing the propagators into the complex plane. We test the accuracy via the $\rho ,$ $\phi ,$ and $K^{\star }$ masses and then produce estimates of the model results for $m_{a_1}$ and $m_{b_1},$ as well as the proposed exotic vector ${\pi }_1\mathrm{}\left(1400\right).$

For coupled-channel resonance scattering, we derive a model with a closed form solution for the T matrix that satisfies unitarity and analyticity. The two-channel case is handled explicitly for an arbitrary number of resonances. The method focuses on the expansion of the transition matrix elements $\Gamma \mathrm{}\left(s\right)\mathrm{}$ in known analytical functions. The appropriate hadronic form factors and the related energy shifts can be determined from the scattering data. The differences between this method and the K matrix and the Breit-Wigner approximation are illustrated in the case of the $S_{11}$ resonances $S_{11}\mathrm{}\left(1535\right)\mathrm{}$ and $S_{11}\mathrm{}\left(1650\right).$

We compute contributions to the parity-violating (PV) inelastic electron-deuteron scattering asymmetry arising from hadronic PV. While hadronic PV effects can be relatively important in PV threshold electrodisintegration, we find that they are highly suppressed at quasielastic kinematics. The interpretation of the PV quasielastic asymmetry is, thus, largely unaffected by hadronic PV.

A relation between the mass $M_3$ of the relativistic three-body bound state and the mass $M_2$ of the two-body one is obtained for the zero-range interaction $({\phi }^4$ theory), using light-front dynamics. It is found that the three-body system exists only when $M_2$ is greater than a critical value $M_c\approx 1.43m$ $(m$ is the constituent mass). For $M_2{=M}_c,$ the mass $M_3$ turns into zero and for $M_2<M_c,$ there is no solution with real value of $M_3.$

The equation of state of spin and isospin polarized nuclear matter is determined in the framework of the Brueckner theory including three-body forces. The Landau parameters in the spin and spin-isospin sectors are derived as a function of the baryonic density. The results are compared with the Gamow-Teller collective modes. The relevance of $G_0$ and $G_0^{\prime }$ for neutron stars is shortly discussed, including the magnetic susceptibility and the neutron star cooling.

Effects of nonresonant photoproductions arising from two different $\pi \mathrm{NN}$ couplings are investigated in the $\gamma \overrightarrow{N}\pi \pi N$ reaction. We find that the pseudoscalar (PS) $\pi \mathrm{NN}$ coupling is generally preferable to the pseudovector (PV) $\pi \mathrm{NN}$ coupling and particularly the total cross sections are successfully described by the model with the PS $\pi \mathrm{NN}$ coupling. In order to see the difference between the two couplings, we also show the results of invariant mass spectra and helicity-dependent cross sections in various isospin channels calculated with the PS and PV couplings.