High-spin states in ${}^{179}\mathrm{Au}$ have been studied experimentally using the ${}^{149}\mathrm{Sm}({}^{35}\mathrm{Cl},5n)$ fusion-evaporation reaction at beam energies of $164-180\text{MeV}$. A rotational band built on the $\frac{1}{2}\left[660\right]\left(i_{13∕2}\right)$ Nilsson orbital has been established for ${}^{179}\mathrm{Au}$. Properties of the $\frac{1}{2}\left[660\right]\left(i_{13∕2}\right)$ bands in the odd-$A$ Au nuclei are discussed with an emphasis on the evolution of bandhead energy and deformation while changing neutron number.

We investigate the inhomogeneous chiral dynamics of the $\mathrm{O}\left(4\right)$ linear sigma model in $1+1$ dimensions using the time dependent variational approach in the space spanned by the squeezed states. We compare two cases, with and without the Gaussian approximation for the Green’s functions. We show that mode-mode correlation plays a decisive role in the out-of-equilibrium quantum dynamics of domain formation and squeezing of states.

The giant resonance region from $10\text{MeV}<E_x<55\text{MeV}$ in ${}^{116}\mathrm{Sn}$, ${}^{144}\mathrm{Sm}$, ${}^{154}\mathrm{Sm}$, and ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ has been studied with inelastic scattering of $240\text{MeV}$ $\alpha$ particles at small angles including $0°$. Essentially all of the expected isoscalar $E0$, $E1$, $E2$, and $E3$ strength was identified in these nuclei.

Nonequilibrium fluid dynamics derived from the extended irreversible thermodynamics of the causal Müller-Israel-Stewart theory of dissipative processes in relativistic fluids based on Grad’s moment method is applied to the study of the dynamics of hot matter produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The temperature, energy density, and entropy evolution are investigated in the framework of the Bjorken boost-invariant scaling limit. The results of these second order theories are compared to those of first order theories due to Eckart and to Landau and Lifshitz and those of zeroth order (perfect fluid) due to Euler. In the presence of dissipation perfect fluid dynamics is no longer valid in describing the evolution of the matter. First order theories fail in the early stages of evolution. Second order theories give a better description in good agreement with transport models. It is shown in which region the Navier-Stokes-Fourier laws (first order theories) are a reasonable limiting case of the more general extended thermodynamics (second order theories).

We study the behavior of the ${\pi }^0$ width as a function of temperature and density. We provide simple expressions for the neutral pion width in a hot and dense medium based on a renormalized version of the microscopic Nambu Jona Lasinio model. Then we consider the two cases where the pion mass is finite or vanishes at the critical temperature and discuss the phenomenological consequences of both cases.

The dielectric function of nuclear matter has been studied in the framework of finite temperature field theory based on the quantum hadrodynamics II model. We find that it has two extrema and one singularity in terms of $K_0∕k$. One of the extrema reflects Landau damping and the other is related to the resonance phenomenon.

In-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy using fragmentation reactions of both stable and radioactive beams has been performed in order to study the structure of excited states in neutron-rich oxygen isotopes with masses ranging from $A=20$ to 24. For the produced fragments, $\gamma$-ray energies, intensities, and $\gamma \text{−}\gamma$ coincidences have been measured. Based on this information new level schemes are proposed for ${}^{21,22}\mathrm{O}$ up to the neutron separation energy. The nonobservation of any $\gamma$-decay branch from ${}^{23}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}^{24}\mathrm{O}$ suggests that their excited states lie above the neutron decay thresholds. From this, as well as from the level schemes proposed for ${}^{21}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}^{22}\mathrm{O}$, the size of the $N=14$ and 16 shell gaps in oxygen isotopes is discussed in the light of shell-model calculations.

The ${}^{70}\mathrm{Ni}$ nucleus has been produced at the LISOL facility and its $\beta$ decay to ${}^{70}\mathrm{Cu}$ has been observed. In parallel, the ${}^{70}\mathrm{Cu}$ nucleus has been produced at the ISOLDE facility. A new third $\beta$-decaying isomeric state in ${}^{70}\mathrm{Cu}$ has been identified, partly with the aid of the in-source laser spectroscopy method. Its measured half-life is $T_{1∕2}=33\left(2\right)\mathrm{s}$. In addition, two isomeric transitions in ${}^{70}\mathrm{Cu}$ have been observed at energies of 101.1(3) and $141.3\left(3\right)\text{keV}$, and it allowed the relative placement of the three ${}^{70}\mathrm{Cu}$ isomeric states and their tentative spin and parity assignments. The new ${}^{70}\mathrm{Cu}$ isomer was found to be weakly populated in the $\beta$ decay of ${}^{70}\mathrm{Ni}$. It allowed the construction of the ${}^{70}\mathrm{Ni}$ decay scheme. Furthermore, the $\beta$ decay of the three ${}^{70}\mathrm{Cu}$ isomers to ${}^{70}\mathrm{Zn}$ has been measured and their decay schemes are presented. The ${}^{70}\mathrm{Ni}$ $\beta$ decay to the isomeric states in ${}^{70}\mathrm{Cu}$ and their subsequent isomeric decay and $\beta$ decay to ${}^{70}\mathrm{Zn}$ are discussed within the extreme shell-model picture of two valence nucleons outside the semidouble magic ${}_{28}{}^{68}\mathrm{Ni}_{40}$ core and it yields satisfactory results. Large-basis shell-model calculations using ${}_{28}{}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}_{28}$ as the core and a realistic effective interaction support rather well the suggested interpretation.

The decay rate of a triaxially deformed proton emitter is calculated in a particle-rotor model, which is based on a deformed Woods-Saxon potential and includes a deformed spin-orbit interaction. The wave function of the $I=7∕2^{-}$ ground state of the deformed proton emitter ${}^{141}\mathrm{Ho}$ is obtained in the adiabatic limit, and a Green’s function technique is used to calculate the decay rate and branching ratio to the first excited $2^{+}$ state of the daughter nucleus. Only for values of the triaxial angle $\gamma <5°$ is good agreement obtained for both the total decay rate and the $2^{+}$ branching ratio.

We have developed a model for the nuclear interaction which is based on the effects of the Pauli nonlocality. In earlier works, we have successfully used this interaction to describe the elastic scattering for several systems in a very wide energy range. In the present work, we have checked the validity of the same interaction in the description of about 2500 fusion cross section data for 165 different systems. By introducing only one energy- and system-independent effective parameter, the nonlocal model describes the global behavior of the fusion process with good precision.

The phenomenon of centrality scaling in the high-$p_T$ spectra of ${\pi }^0$ produced in $\text{Au-Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200\text{GeV}$ is examined in the framework of relating fractional energy loss to fractional centrality increase. A new scaling behavior is found where the scaling variable is given a power-law dependence on $N_{\text{part}}$. The exponent $\gamma$ specifies the fractional proportionality relationship between energy loss and centrality, and is a phenomenologically determined number that characterizes the nuclear suppression effect. The implication on the parton energy loss in the context of recombination is discussed.

One-neutron knockout reactions from the deeply bound $N=16$ isotones with $Z=16,17,$ and 18 have been studied in inverse kinematics with intermediate-energy beams. $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy in coincidence with the detection of knockout residues allowed for an investigation of the one-neutron removal leading to individual excited states. Spectroscopic factors are deduced in the framework of the sudden and eikonal approximations and are compared to USD shell-model predictions. The momentum distributions observed in the experiment are used to identify the angular momentum $l$ carried by the knockedout neutron by comparing with calculations based on a black-disk reaction model. The systematics of reduced single-particle occupancies attributed to the effect of short-range correlations, observed so far for stable and near-magic nuclei in $(e,e^{\prime }p)$ and $\left(d,{}^{\mathrm{3}}\mathrm{He}\right)$ reactions and in one-nucleon knockout on light deeply bound systems, are extended in this work.

The nuclear shape studies are done for different quasiproton bands in ${}^{179}\mathrm{Re}$ nucleus through lifetime measurement using recoil distance Doppler shift technique. The deformation driving property of the low $K$, $h_{9∕2}\left[541\right]1∕2^{-}$ intruder band and the stretching property of the high $K$, $d_{5∕2}\left[402\right]5∕2^{+}$ and $h_{11∕2}\left[514\right]9∕2^{-}$ bands are discussed. The average quadrupole moment obtained from these measurements for the $h_{9∕2}$ configuration $\left(Q_t\sim 6.5e\mathrm{b}\right)$ is found to be about $16\%$ higher than the average quadrupole moment $\left(Q_t\sim 5.6e\mathrm{b}\right)$ for the $d_{5∕2}$ and the $h_{11∕2}$ configurations. The higher value of quadrupole moment for the low $K=1∕2$, $h_{9∕2}$ band as compared to the high $K=9∕2$, $h_{11∕2}$, and $K=5∕2$, $d_{5∕2}$ bands indicates its deformation driving property. The cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov and the microscopic Hartree-Fock calculations are done for these bands and are compared with the experimental observations.

Lifetimes of states in the triaxial strongly deformed bands of ${}^{163}\mathrm{Lu}$ have been measured with the Gammasphere spectrometer using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The bands have been interpreted as wobbling-phonon excitations from the characteristic electromagnetic properties of the transitions connecting the bands. Quadrupole moments are extracted for the zero-phonon yrast band and, for the first time, for the one-phonon wobbling band. The very similar results found for the two bands suggest a similar intrinsic structure and support the wobbling interpretation. While the in-band quadrupole moments for the bands show a decreasing trend towards higher spin, the ratio of the interband to the in-band transition strengths remains constant. Both features can be understood by a small increase in triaxiality towards higher spin. Such a change in triaxiality is also found in cranking calculations, to which the experimental results are compared.

We investigate polarization observables in hyperon-nucleon scattering by decomposing scattering amplitudes into spin-space tensors, where each component describes scattering by corresponding spin-dependent interactions, so that contributions of the interactions in the observables are individually identified. In this way, for elastic scattering we find some linear combinations of the observables sensitive to particular spin-dependent interactions such as symmetric spin-orbit $\left(LS\right)$ interactions and antisymmetric $LS$ ones. These will be useful to criticize theoretical predictions of the interactions when the relevant observables are measured. We treat vector analyzing powers, depolarizations, and coefficients of polarization transfers and spin correlations, a part of which is numerically examined in ${\sum }^{+}p$ scattering as an example. Total cross sections are studied for polarized beams and targets as well as for unpolarized ones to investigate spin dependence of imaginary parts of forward scattering amplitudes.

The problem of describing resonances when the continuum is represented by a discrete set of normalizable states is addressed. In particular, here the description of resonances in a transformed harmonic oscillator basis is presented. A method to disentangle the resonances from the nonresonant continuum is proposed. The Ginocchio potential is used to model a case in which resonances appear in the continuum and a reference case in which only nonresonant continuum appears.

Low-lying excited states in the odd-odd $N=Z$ nucleus ${}^{62}\mathrm{Ga}$ have been investigated following the heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reaction ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}({}^{24}\mathrm{Mg},pn){}^{62}\mathrm{Ga}$ near the Coulomb barrier. Special emphasis is devoted to the search for nonyrast states. The extended decay scheme of ${}^{62}\mathrm{Ga}$ is compared to spherical shell-model calculations employing the $p{f}_{5∕2}{g}_{9∕2}$ valence space.

We investigated the effects of nonequilibrium and collision terms on the deconfinement phase transition of an expanding quark system in Friedberg-Lee model in relaxation time approximation. By calculating the effective quark potential, the critical temperature of the phase transition is dominated by the mean field, while the collisions among quarks and mesons change the time structure of the phase transition significantly.

A method is presented to obtain the canonical-form solutions of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equation for atomic nuclei with zero-range interactions like the Skyrme force. It is appropriate to describe pairing correlations in the continuum in coordinate-space representations. An improved gradient method is used for faster convergences under the constraint of orthogonality between orbitals. To prevent high-lying orbitals from shrinking into a spatial point, a repulsive momentum dependent force is introduced, which turns out to unveil the nature of high-lying canonical-basis orbitals. The asymptotic properties at a large radius and the relation with quasiparticle states are discussed for the obtained canonical basis.

We propose new effective internucleon forces with a finite-range three-body operator. The proposed forces are suitable for describing the nuclear structure properties over a wide mass number region, including the saturation point of nuclear matter. The forces are applied to microscopic calculations of $Z=N$ $\left(A⩽40\right)$ nuclei and O isotopes with a method of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics. We present the characteristics of the forces and discuss the importance of the finite-range three-body term.