The binding energies of the ground states and several excited states related to single-particle and -hole states in nuclei around ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ are calculated taking charge dependence into account. Effective interactions on the particle basis are constructed from modern charge-dependent nucleon-nucleon interactions and the Coulomb force within the framework of the unitary-model-operator approach. Single-particle (-hole) energies are obtained from the energy differences of the binding energies between a particle (hole) state in ${}^{17}\mathrm{O}$ or ${}^{17}\mathrm{F}$ (${}^{15}\mathrm{N}$ or ${}^{15}\mathrm{O}$) and the ground state of ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$. The resultant spin-orbit splittings are small for the hole state and large for the particle state in comparison with the experimental values though the differences between the experimental and calculated values are not very large. The charge dependence of the calculated single-particle energies for the ground states are in good agreement with the experimental values. Furthermore, the Thomas-Ehrman shift due to the Coulomb force for the $1s_{1∕2}$ states in ${}^{17}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}^{17}\mathrm{F}$ can be observed.

Using a Schmidt orthogonalization transformation, a family of Hermitian low-momentum nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) interactions is derived from the non-Hermitian Lee-Suzuki (LS) low-momentum $NN$ interaction. As special cases, our transformation reproduces the Hermitian interactions of Okubo and Andreozzi. Aside from their common preservation of the deuteron binding energy, these Hermitian interactions are shown to be phase shift equivalent, all preserving the empirical phase shifts up to decimation scale $\Lambda$. Employing a solvable matrix model, the Hermitian interactions given by different orthogonalization transformations are studied; the interactions can be very different from each other particularly when there is a strong intruder state influence. However, because the parent LS low-momentum $NN$ interaction is only slightly non-Hermitian, the Hermitian low-momentum nucleon interactions given by our transformations, including the Okubo and Andreozzi ones, are all rather similar to each other. Shell model matrix elements given by the LS and several Hermitian low-momentum interactions are compared.

High-angular-momentum states in ${}^{64}\mathrm{Zn}$ were populated in the ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}\left({}^{28}\mathrm{Si},4p\right)$ reaction at a beam energy of $122\text{MeV}$. Evaporated, light, charged particles were identified by the Microball, while $\gamma$ rays were detected using the Gammasphere array. The main focus of this paper is on two strongly coupled, collective bands. The yrast band, which was previously known, has been linked to lower-lying states establishing the excitation energies and angular momenta of in-band states for the first time. The newly identified excited band decays to the yrast band but firm angular-momentum assignments could not be made. In order to interpret these structures cranked-Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations have been performed. The calculations have been extended to account for the distribution of nucleons within a configuration. The yrast collective band is interpreted as based on the $\pi {\left(f_{7∕2}\right)}^{-1}{\left(p_{3∕2}{f}_{5∕2}\right)}^2{\left(g_{9∕2}\right)}^1\nu {\left(p_{3∕2}{f}_{5∕2}\right)}^4{\left(g_{9∕2}\right)}^2$ configuration. There are several possible interpretations of the second band but it is difficult to distinguish between the different possibilities.

The one- or two-neutron removal reactions as well as reaction cross sections for ${}^{14,15}\mathrm{C}$ on carbon target have been studied by using $110A\text{MeV}$ ${}^{22}\mathrm{Ne}$ primary beam on Riken Projectile Fragment Separator in RIKEN. The longitudinal momentum distributions of ${}^{13,14}\mathrm{C}$ fragments from ${}^{15}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ fragments from ${}^{14}\mathrm{C}$ breakup have been measured at $83A\text{MeV}$ by means of direct time-of-flight method. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the distributions have been determined to be $71\pm 9\text{MeV}∕c$ and $223\pm 28\text{MeV}∕c$ for ${}^{14}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ from ${}^{15}\mathrm{C}$, and $195\pm 21\text{MeV}∕c$ for ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ from ${}^{14}\mathrm{C}$. The FWHM for ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ fragments from ${}^{15}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{14}\mathrm{C}$ breakup are consistent with the Goldhaber model’s prediction. While the FWHM of ${}^{14}\mathrm{C}$ fragments from ${}^{15}\mathrm{C}$ is much smaller, which confirms the experimental results from MSU and GANIL, an anomalous enhancement from its neighbors has been observed in the measured reaction cross section of ${}^{15}\mathrm{C}$. The experimental data are discussed in the framework of the Glauber model. The analysis of both the fragment momentum distributions and reaction cross sections indicates a dominant $s$-wave component in the ground state of ${}^{15}\mathrm{C}$.

Within an isospin-dependent transport model for nuclear reactions induced by neutron-rich nuclei, we perform a comparative study of ${}^{100}\mathrm{Sn}+{}^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ and ${}^{100}\mathrm{Zn}+{}^{124}\mathrm{Zn}$ reactions at beam energies of $30\text{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$ and $400\text{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$ to identify optimal experimental conditions and observables for investigating the equation of state (EOS) of neutron-rich matter at the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA). Several observables known to be sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy are examined as a function of impact parameter for both reaction systems. In particular, the strength of isospin transport∕diffusion is studied by using rapidity distributions of free nucleons and their isospin asymmetries. An approximate isospin equilibrium is established even for peripheral collisions with a very soft symmetry energy at $30\text{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$. At $400\text{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$, however, a strong isospin translucency is observed even in most central collisions with either soft or stiff symmetry energies. Origins of these observations and their implications to determining the EOS of neutron-rich matter at the RIA are discussed.

The influence of the chiral mean field on the $K^{+}$ transverse flow in heavy ion collisions at SIS energy is investigated within covariant kaon dynamics. For the kaon mesons inside the nuclear medium a quasiparticle picture including scalar and vector fields is adopted and compared to the standard treatment with a static potential. It is confirmed that a Lorentz force from spatial component of the vector field provides an important contribution to the in-medium kaon dynamics and strongly counterbalances the influence of the vector potential on the $K^{+}$ in-plane flow. The FOPI data can be reasonably described using in-medium kaon potentials based on effective chiral models. The information on the in-medium $K^{+}$ potential extracted from kaon flow is consistent with the knowledge from other sources.

We investigate the transverse dynamics in $\text{Au}+\text{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200\text{GeV}$ by emphasis upon the interplay between soft and hard components through $p_T$ dependences of particle spectra, ratios of yields, suppression factors, and elliptic flow for identified hadrons. From hydrodynamics combined with traversing minijets which go through jet quenching in the hot medium, we calculate interactions of hard jets with the soft hydrodynamic components. It is shown by the explicit dynamical calculations that the hydrodynamic radial flow and the jet quenching of hard jets are the keys to understand the differences among the hadron spectra for pions, kaons, and protons. This leads to the natural interpretation for $N_p∕N_{\pi }\sim 1$, $R_{AA}\gtrsim 1$ for protons, and $v_2^p>v_2^{\pi }$ recently observed in the intermediate transverse momentum region at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

We studied meson-meson interactions using the ’t Hooft model, which represents QCD in $1+1$ dimensions and assumes a large number of colors $\left(N_c\right)$. The dominant interactions in this large $N_c$ limit are generated by quark exchange. Our results show that QCD in $1+1$ dimensions allows the realization of a constituent-type quark model for the mesons and generates a scalar “$\sigma$”-like meson-meson resonance, whose effective coupling and mass are determined by the underlying QCD dynamics. These results suggest an interpretation of the lightest scalar mesons as $q\overline{q}q\overline{q}$ systems.

We study the extension of a phenomenologically successful quasiparticle model that describes lattice results of the equation of state of the deconfined phase of QCD for $T_c⩽T\lesssim 4T_c$, to finite quark chemical potential $\mu$. The phase boundary line $T_c\left(\mu \right)$, the pressure difference $\Delta p(T,\mu )=\left[p(T,\mu )-p(T,\mu =0)\right]∕T^4$, and the quark number density $n_q(T,\mu )∕T^3$ are calculated and compared to recent lattice results. Good agreement is found up to quark chemical potentials of order $\mu \sim T_c$.

A survey of parity-changing $E1$ transitions has been pursued in $N\gtrsim Z$ nuclei near ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ using data from an EUROBALL experiment. Linear polarization measurements have been combined with angular correlations of coincident $\gamma$ rays to determine the electromagnetic character of numerous transitions. The impact of the results on shell-model parametrizations is briefly discussed.

We derive a complete Feynman diagram expansion for the elastic form factor and the three-body photodisintegration and electrodisintegration of the three-body bound state using the covariant spectator theory. We show that the equations obtained are fully consistent with bound-state equations and the normalization condition previously derived for the covariant three-body bound state, and that the results conserve current.

The available data on levels in ${}^{98}\mathrm{Y}$ have been reevaluated and interpreted using recently published information on band structure in this region. A calculation in the interacting boson model framework suggests that the $1182\text{keV}$ $0.8\mu \mathrm{s}$ isomer is a spherical ${10}^{-}$ state with the $\pi g_{9∕2}\nu h_{11∕2}$ configuration. This assignment implies that the $8.0\mu \mathrm{s}$ bandhead at $496\text{keV}$ is a $I^{\pi }=4^{-}$ state, with the highly probable $\pi \left[422\right]5∕2\nu \left[541\right]3∕2$ configuration. The level structure of ${}^{98}\mathrm{Y}$ is well reproduced by coupling the levels of its both spherical and deformed odd-$A$ neighbors and the origin of the isomeric states is understood.

The giant resonance region from $10{\text{MeV}<E}_x<55\text{MeV}$ in ${}^{110}\mathrm{Cd}$ and ${}^{116}\mathrm{Cd}$ has been studied with inelastic scattering of $240\text{MeV}$ $\alpha$ particles at small angles including $0°$. In ${}^{110}\mathrm{Cd}\left({}^{116}\mathrm{Cd}\right)$, $88+21-13\%$ $\left(104+23-13\%\right)$ of the $E0$, $70+23-18\%$ $\left(92\pm 19\%\right)$ of the $E1$, $89+25-15\%$ $\left(104+21-12\%\right)$ of the $E2$, and $85+20-15\%$ $\left(71\pm 17\%\right)$ of the $E3$ energy-weighted sum rule were identified.

Multifragment breakup of ${}^{\text{nat}}\mathrm{Ag}$ and ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ nuclei bombarded by $1.8–4.8\text{GeV}$ ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ ions has been studied with the Indiana Silicon Sphere $4\pi$ detector array. To investigate the properties of the emitting source as a function of excitation energy, a two-component moving-source analysis has been performed on the intermediate-mass-fragment spectra, gating on excitation energy. The results provide evidence for nuclear expansion∕dilution to a value of $\rho ∕{\rho }_0\lesssim 1∕3$ prior to breakup. For the most violent events, relatively low source velocities of $v∕c~0.01$ and slope temperatures of $T\sim 15\text{MeV}$ are obtained for the dominant thermal-like source. The dependence of isotope ratios on deposition energy and ejectile kinetic energy is examined for H and He isotopes, and the caloric curves for the $4.8\text{GeV}$ data are presented.

We present an updated analysis of meson-baryon sigma terms in the perturbative chiral quark model, which is based on effective chiral Lagrangian. The new feature concerns the inclusion of excited states in the quark propagator. Its influence on meson loops is shown to lead, in particular, for the pion-nucleon $\sigma$ term to an enhancement relevant for the current evaluation of this quantity. We also determine various flavor combinations of the scalar nucleon form factors and their respective low-momentum transfer limits.

Given presently known empirical information about the exotic ${\Theta }^{+}$ baryon, we analyze possible properties of its $\text{SU}{\left(3\right)}_F$ partners, paying special attention to the nonstrange member of the antidecuplet $N^{*}$. The modified partial wave analysis presents two candidate masses, $1680\text{MeV}$ and $1730\text{MeV}$. In both cases the $N^{*}$ should be highly inelastic. The theoretical analysis, based on the soliton picture and assumption of ${\Gamma }_{{\Theta }^{+}}<5\text{MeV}$, shows that most probably ${\Gamma }_{N^{*}}<30\text{MeV}$. Similar analysis for ${\Xi }_{3∕2}$ predicts its width to be not more than about $10\text{MeV}$. Our results suggest several directions for experimental studies that may clarify properties of the antidecuplet baryons, and structure of their mixing with other baryons.

Highly inelastic electron scattering is analyzed within the context of the unified relativistic approach previously considered in the case of quasielastic kinematics. Inelastic relativistic Fermi gas modeling that includes the complete inelastic spectrum—resonant, nonresonant, and deep inelastic scattering—is elaborated and compared with experimental data. A phenomenological extension of the model based on direct fits to data is also introduced. Within both models, cross sections and response functions are evaluated and binding energy effects are analyzed. Finally, an investigation of the second-kind scaling behavior is also presented.

The $3\alpha$ orthogonality condition model using the Pauli-forbidden bound states of the Buck, Friedlich, and Wheatly $\alpha \alpha$ potential can yield a compact $3\alpha$ ground state with a large binding energy, in which a small admixture of the redundant components can never be eliminated.

Small-angle, two-particle correlation functions have been measured for ${}^{36}\mathrm{Ar}+{}^{112,124}\mathrm{Sn}$ collisions at $E∕A=61\text{MeV}$. Total momentum gated neutron-proton $\left(np\right)$ and proton-proton $\left(pp\right)$ correlations are stronger for the ${}^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$ target. Some of the correlation functions for particle pairs involving deuterons or tritons ($nd$, $pt$, and $nt$) also show a dependence on the isospin of the emitting source.

The statistical model is employed to investigate $\left(n,\gamma \right)$ reactions in ultrastrong magnetic fields relevant for supernovae and neutron stars. The predominant mechanisms are argued to correspond to modifications of nuclear level densities and $\gamma$-transition energies due to interactions of the field with magnetic moments of nuclei. The density of states reflects the nuclear structure and results in oscillations of reaction cross sections as a function of the field strength, while magnetic interaction energy enhances radiative neutron capture process.