Ratios of $B(E2)$ to $B(IS2)$, that is, of the reduced quadrupole transition probabilities related, respectively, to charge and mass were extracted through Coulomb-nuclear interference (CNI) for the excitation of the $2_1^{+}$ states in ${}^{70,72,74}\mathrm{Ge}$, with a relative accuracy of less than 4%. For this purpose, the CNI angular distributions associated with the inelastic scattering of 28-MeV incident ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ ions accelerated by the São Paulo Pelletron, and momentum analyzed by the Enge magnetic spectrograph were interpreted within the DWBA-DOMP approach (distorted wave approximation for the scattering process and deformed optical model for the structure representation) with global ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ optical parameters. The present CNI results demonstrate an abrupt change in the $B(E2)/B(IS2)$ ratio for ${}^{74}\mathrm{Ge}$: although for ${}^{70,72}\mathrm{Ge}$, values of the order of 1.0 or slightly higher were obtained, this ratio is 0.66 (7) for ${}^{74}\mathrm{Ge}$. The heavier Ge isotope is thus one of the few nuclei that, so far, have been shown to present clear mixed symmetry components in their ground-state band.

We classify A-nucleon forces according to their isospin dependence and discuss the most general isospin structure of the three-nucleon force. We derive the leading and subleading isospin-breaking corrections to the three-nucleon force using the framework of chiral effective field theory.

A dynamical model dedicated to the nucleon induced reaction between 30 and 150 MeV is presented. It considers different stages of the reaction: the approaching phase, the in-medium nucleon-nucleon collisions, the cluster formation, and the secondary deexcitation process. The notions of influence area and phase-space exploration during the reaction are introduced. The importance of the reaction geometry and the conservation laws is emphasized. The model is able to globally reproduce the absolute cross sections for the emission of neutron and light charged particles for proton- and neutron induced reactions on heavy and intermediate targets (${}^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$ and ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$).

The isotopic properties of the primary and secondary fragment yield distribution in the multifragmentation of ${}^{58}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ and ${}^{58}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{58}\mathrm{Fe}$ reactions are studied with respect to the ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ reaction at 30, 40, and 47 MeV/nucleon. The reduced neutron and proton densities from the observed fragment yield distribution show primary fragment yield distribution to undergo strongly secondary deexcitations. The effect is small at the lowest excitation energy and smallest neutron-to-proton ratio and becomes large at higher excitation energies and higher neutron-to-proton ratio. The symmetry energy of the primary fragments deduced from the reduced neutron density is significantly lower than that for the normal nuclei at saturation density, indicating that the fragments are highly excited and formed at a reduced density. Furthermore, the symmetry energy is also observed to decrease slowly with increasing excitation energy. The observed effect is explained using the statistical multifragmentation model.

We analyze the mixing of the scalar glueball with the scalar-isoscalar quarkonia states above 1 GeV in a nonlocal covariant constituent approach. Similarities and differences to the point-particle Klein-Gordon limit and to the quantum mechanical case are elaborated. Model predictions for the two-photon decay rates in the covariant mixing scheme are indicated.

The continuum random-phase approximation is extended to the one applicable to deformed nuclei. We propose two different approaches. One is based on the use of the three-dimensional (3D) Green's function, and the other is the small-amplitude TDHF with the absorbing boundary condition. Both methods are based on the 3D Cartesian grid representation and applicable to systems with no symmetry on nuclear shape. The accuracy and identity of these two methods are examined with the BKN interaction. Using the full Skyrme energy functional in the small-amplitude TDHF approach, we study the isovector giant dipole states in the continuum for ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and for even-even Be isotopes.

The self-consistent random-phase approximation (SCRPA) is reexamined within a multilevel-pairing model with double degeneracy. It is shown that the expressions for occupation numbers used in the original version of the SCRPA violate the particle number for nonsymmetric particle-hole (ph) spectra. A renormalization is introduced to restore the particle number, which leads to the expressions of occupation numbers similar to those derived by Hara et al. for the ph case. The results of calculations within the ph symmetric case show that this number-conserving SCRPA yields the energies of the ground state and the first excited state of the system with $\Omega +2$ particles relative to the ground state of the system with $\Omega$ particles in close agreement with those obtained within the original SCRPA. However, it gives a slightly larger correlation energy.

We analyze the free energy of charge- and color-neutral two-flavor quark matter within the BCS approximation. We consider both the homogeneous gapless superconducting phase and the heterogeneous mixed phase where normal and BCS superconducting phases coexist. We calculate the surface tension between normal and superconducting phases and use it to compare the free energies of the gapless and mixed phases. Our calculation, which retains only the leading-order gradient contribution to the free energy and ignores finite size effects such as Debye screening, indicates that the mixed phase is energetically favored over an interesting range of densities of relevance to two-flavor quark matter in neutron stars.

The decay rate of ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$ has always been measured by either forming a beryllium compound or implanting ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$ in a medium. We can quantitatively understand the measured changes of ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$ decay rates in different environments as well as its L/K orbital electron capture ratio using tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method calculations. We find that ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$ loses a very substantial fraction of its $2s$ electrons in a medium. As a result of this loss of $2s$ electrons, the extracted nuclear matrix element of the ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$ electron capture reaction from terrestrial decay rate measurements should increase by 2–2.7%, thus decreasing the calculated ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ solar neutrino flux from the Standard Solar Model by 2–2.7%.

A study of the energies of the first excited $0^{+}$ states in all even-even $Z⩾8$ nuclei reveals an anomalous behavior in some nuclei with $N=Z,Z\pm 2$. We analyze these irregularities in the framework of the shell model. It is shown that proton-neutron correlations play an important role in this phenomenon.

In this paper we study the behavior of energy centroids (denoted as $\overline{E_I}$) of spin I states in the presence of random two-body interactions, for systems ranging from very simple systems (e.g., single-j shell for very small j) to very complicated systems (e.g., many-j shells with different parities and with isospin degree of freedom). Regularities of $\overline{E_I}$'s discussed in terms of the so-called geometric chaoticity (or quasi-randomness of two-body coefficients of fractional parentage) in earlier works are found to hold even for very simple systems in which one cannot assume geometric chaoticity. It is shown that the inclusion of isospin and parity does not “break” the regularities of $\overline{E_I}$'s.

The validity of the so-called fully renormalized quasiparticle random phase approximation is tested, under schematic model conditions. It is shown that this approximation does not fulfill the consistency required by the linealization procedure. The results are illustrated by the analysis of Fermi-type transitions.

By combining data from a charged particle ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ experiment at 52 MeV/nucleon with an ${}^{36}\mathrm{Ar}+{}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ experiment at 50 MeV/nucleon for which free neutrons have been detected, an increase in the neutron to proton ratio of the whole nuclear material at midrapidity has been experimentally observed in the reaction ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ at 52 MeV/nucleon. The neutron-to-proton ratio of the quasi-projectile emission is analyzed for the same reactions and is seen to decrease below the ratio of the initial system. Those observations suggest that an asymmetric exchange of neutrons and protons between the quasiprojectile and the midrapidity region exists.

A series of coupled reaction channels calculations for the ${}^9\mathrm{Be}+{}^{209}\mathrm{Pb}$ system at near-barrier energies is presented. Single neutron stripping couplings leading to several states in ${}^{209}\mathrm{Pb}$ together with coupling to the direct breakup of ${}^9\mathrm{Be}$ using a ${}^5\mathrm{He}+\alpha$ cluster model are included. We find that the transfer couplings give rise to a dynamic polarization potential with the same characteristics in the nuclear surface region as that produced by breakup.

We present the first calculations of proton elastic and inelastic scattering in which the Pauli blocking operator contains the leading nonspherical components as well as the usual spherical (angle-averaged) part. We develop a formalism for including the contributions to the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction from the resulting new $G$-matrix elements that extend the usual two-nucleon spin structure and may not conserve angular momentum. We explore the consequences of parity conservation, time-reversal invariance, and nucleon-nucleon antisymmetrization for the new effective interaction. Changes to the calculated cross section and spin observables are small in the energy range from 100 to 200 MeV.

We study the sensitivity of the neutron skin thickness $S$ in a ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ nucleus to the addition of nucleon-σ-ρ coupling corrections to a selection (PK1, NL3, S271, and Z271) of interactions in a relativistic mean field model. The PK1 and NL3 effective interactions lead to a minimum value of $S=$ 0.16 fm in comparison with the original value of $S=$ 0.28 fm. The S271 and Z271 effective interactions yield even smaller values of $S=$ 0.11 fm, which are similar to those for nonrelativistic mean field models. A precise measurement of the neutron radius, and therefore $S$, in ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ will place an important constraint on both relativistic and nonrelativistic mean field models. We also study the correlation between the radius of a 1.4-solar-mass neutron star and $S$.

Picosecond lifetimes of medium spin states in ${}^{165}\mathrm{Lu}$ were measured for the first time. The reaction used to populate the nucleus of interest was ${}^{139}\mathrm{La}({}^{30}\mathrm{Si},4n){}^{165}\mathrm{Lu}$ at a beam energy of 135 MeV. The beam was provided by the XTU-tandem accelerator of Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Italy. By using the differential decay curve method, lifetimes of 19 states in four different rotational bands were obtained. Therefrom the B(E2) values and the transitional quadrupole moments were deduced. The obtained $Q_t$ for the different bands are compared with total Routhian surface (TRS) calculations and particle-rotor-model calculations. The TRS calculations predict different axial symmetric shapes for the bands built on the $9/2^{-}$[514], $9/2^{+}$[404], and $1/2^{-}$[541] configurations, with a γ softness for the $9/2^{-}$[514] configuration. This band has also been studied using the particle-rotor model, the results of which, however, are consistent with a triaxial shape with a γ value of $-{15}^{\circ }$.

The single-particle spectral functions in asymmetric nuclear matter are computed using the ladder approximation within the theory of finite temperature Green's functions. The internal energy and the momentum distributions of protons and neutrons are studied as a function of the density and the asymmetry of the system. The proton states are more strongly depleted when the asymmetry increases whereas the occupation of the neutron states is enhanced compared to the symmetric case. The self-consistent Green's function approach leads to slightly smaller energies compared to the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach. This effect increases with density and thereby modifies the saturation density and leads to smaller symmetry energies.

The appropriate use of the interacting boson-fermion model one nucleon transfer operator in connection with nuclear supersymmetries is discussed. We emphasize that care must be taken in using the same coupling order, either $l\text{−}s$ or $s\text{−}l$, in the odd particle creation operator appearing in the one nucleon transfer operator and in the wave function of the odd-A nucleus. As an example, we have recalculated consistently the one nucleon transfer strengths for the ${}^{196}\mathrm{Pt}\to {}^{195}\mathrm{Pt}$ one neutron pickup reaction which is the best known example of dynamical nuclear supersymmetry. In addition, we present for the same reaction the results of several calculations considering different truncations in the boson-fermion expansion of the fermion creation operator.