The cross sections for a variety of channels of proton-nucleus interaction associated with large gaps in rapidity are calculated within the Glauber-Gribov theory. We found inelastic shadowing corrections to be dramatically enhanced for such events. We employ the light-cone dipole formalism which allows to calculate the inelastic corrections to all orders of the multiple interaction. Although Gribov corrections are known to make nuclear matter more transparent, we demonstrate that in some instances they lead to an opaqueness. Numerical calculations are performed for the energies of the HERA-B experiment and the RHIC-LHC colliders.

Three discrete transitions were observed between the yrast superdeformed (SD) band and states of normal deformation (ND) in the nucleus ${}^{84}\mathrm{Zr}$. This is the first observation of such linking transitions in the mass-80 SD region. The properties of the decay out of the SD well in ${}^{84}\mathrm{Zr}$ are compared with those in other SD mass regions. Calculations suggest that there is extensive mixing of configurations in the SD and ND potential minima, leading to an abrupt and highly fragmented decay-out process. A study of least-action tunneling paths indicates that the potential barrier separating the SD and ND wells is very small.

Recently, precision laser spectroscopy on ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ atoms determined accurately the isotope shift between ${}^4\mathrm{He}$ and ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ and, consequently, the charge radius of ${}^6\mathrm{He}$. A similar experiment for ${}^8\mathrm{He}$ is under way. We have performed large-scale ab initio calculations for ${}^{4,6,8}\mathrm{He}$ isotopes using high-precision nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions within the no-core shell model (NCSM) approach. With the CD-Bonn 2000 NN potential we found point-proton root-mean-square (rms) radii of ${}^4\mathrm{He}$ and ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ 1.45(1) fm and 1.89(4), respectively, in agreement with experiment and predict the ${}^8\mathrm{He}$ point-proton rms radius to be 1.88(6) fm. At the same time, our calculations show that the recently developed nonlocal INOY NN potential gives binding energies closer to experiment, but underestimates the charge radii.

In connection with the claim made at the Quark Matter 2005 Conference that the Brown-Rho scaling is ruled out by NA60 data we consider dimuon production from semicentral In+In collisions in a full dynamical model. It is shown that if only a modification of the density-dependent ρ mass is allowed, the maximum of dimuon invariant mass spectra is only slightly below experimental one. The additional inclusion of the temperature-dependent modification factor shifts the spectrum maximum toward lower invariant masses making calculation results incompatible with data. A further study is needed to disentangle the BR dropping ρ-mass scaling and strong broadening.

We propose a method for reconstructing the optical potential (OP) from scattering data. The algorithm is a two-step, procedure. In the first step, the real part of the potential is determined analytically via solution of the Marchenko equation. At this point, we use a rational function fit of the corresponding unitary S matrix. In the second step, the imaginary part of the potential is determined via the phase equation of the variable phase approach. We assume that the real and imaginary parts of the OP are proportional (the Lax-type interaction). We use the phase equation to calculate the proportionality coefficient. A numerical algorithm is developed for a single and for coupled partial waves. The developed procedure is applied to analyze the ${}^1{S}_0\mathit{NN},{}^3{\mathit{SD}}_1\mathit{NN}$, and $P31{\pi }^{-}N$ data. For the NN states, we constructed partial potentials with forbidden states (Moscow potential). We examine the ${\pi }^{-}N$ and NN partial-wave analysis data and demonstrate that the Lax-type interaction may be valid for these systems at the considered energies.

Decay properties of the new neutron-deficient nuclide ${}^{192}\mathrm{At}$ have been studied in the complete fusion reaction ${}^{144}\mathrm{Sm}$(${}^{51}\mathrm{V}$,3n)${}^{192}\mathrm{At}$ at the velocity filter SHIP. Two isomeric states with half-lives of 88(6) ms and 11.5(6) ms, respectively, and with complex $\alpha$-decay schemes were identified in ${}^{192}\mathrm{At}$. The decay pattern of one of the isomers suggests that it is based on the oblate-deformed $\pi 2f_{7/2}\otimes \nu 1i_{13/2}$ configuration, which confirms the expected onset of deformation in the At isotopes by approaching the neutron midshell at $N=104$.

The ground state magnetic moment of ${}^{35}\mathrm{K}$ has been measured using the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance on β-emitting nuclei. The short-lived ${}^{35}\mathrm{K}$ nuclei were produced following the reaction of a ${}^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$ primary beam of energy 150 MeV/nucleon incident on a Be target. The spin polarization of the ${}^{35}\mathrm{K}$ nuclei produced at 2° relative to the normal primary beam axis was confirmed. Together with the mirror nucleus ${}^{35}\mathrm{S}$, the measurement represents the heaviest $T=3/2$ mirror pair for which the spin expectation value has been obtained. A linear behavior of $g_p$ vs $g_n$ has been demonstrated for the $T=3/2$ known mirror moments and the slope and intercept are consistent with the previous analysis of $T=1/2$ mirror pairs.

The second random-phase approximation (SRPA) is the simplest and most natural extension of the RPA. It enlarges the space of the elementary modes introduced to describe the collective states by adding 2 particle -2 hole excitations to the 1 particle -1 hole ones of the RPA. In deriving the SRPA equations, use is made, as in the RPA, of the so-called quasi-boson approximation (QBA) where expectation values in the ground state of the system are approximated by their values in the uncorrelated reference state. This, however, has been shown to imply a degree of approximation worse than that in the RPA. It is, therefore, necessary to improve the QBA by considering a reference state which contains some correlations. Having in mind to perform such calculations for realistic systems, we consider a simple extension of the SRPA in which the reference state contains 2 particle - 2 hole correlations. The quality of such an extension is tested by applying it to a solvable three-level model and found to be good.

In the usual treatment of transfer nuclear reactions, the continuum states of the transferred particle are neglected. Here we perform a semiclassical calculation that treats the continuum in an exact way. For comparison purposes, we perform a second calculation in which the continuum is completely disregarded. The results of these two calculations indicates that the influence of the continuum states may be very important in systems with weakly bound reactants.

Calculations are reported for reactions in the ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ and ${}^8\mathrm{Li}$ compound systems with the recoil corrected continuum shell model. Comparison with observed structure indicates that the spin-orbit component of the M3Y interaction must be modified near the middle of the p shell. Calculations are performed with three spin-orbit strengths. The prediction for ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$($p,\gamma )$${}^8\mathrm{B}$, based on this model and available data, is that $S_{17}$(0) equals 21.63 eV b and $S_{17}$(20) 21.02 eV b. Calculations for ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$($n,\gamma )$${}^8\mathrm{Li}$ indicate that the ${}^8\mathrm{Li}$, $1_2^{+}$ state is nearly degenerate with the $3^{+}$ state. It is shown that a measurement of ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$($n,\gamma )$${}^8\mathrm{Li}$($1_1^{+})$ can locate the $0^{+}$ state. It is also shown that ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$($p,p^{\text{'}})$${}^7\mathrm{Be}$(${1/2}^{-}$) can locate the $1^{+}$ and $0^{+}$ strength in ${}^8\mathrm{B}$.

The sensitivity of the statistical multifragmentation model to the underlying statistical assumptions is investigated. We concentrate on its microcanonical, canonical, and isobaric formulations. As far as average values are concerned, our results reveal that all the ensembles make very similar predictions, as long as the relevant macroscopic variables (such as temperature, excitation energy, and breakup volume) are the same in all statistical ensembles. It also turns out that the multiplicity dependence of the breakup volume in the microcanonical version of the model mimics a system at (approximately) constant pressure, at least in the plateau region of the caloric curve. However, in contrast to average values, our results suggest that the distributions of physical observables are quite sensitive to the statistical assumptions. This finding may help in deciding which hypothesis corresponds to the best picture for the freeze-out stage.

Recent studies of (n, xp) spectra at incident energies of 28 to 63 MeV have emphasized a previously noted trend that exciton model calculations do not extend to high enough emission energies in some (p, xn) and (n, xp) reactions. Improved agreement between experiment and calculation is achieved by including in the residual nucleus state density those configurations that can be populated but were not being counted because the Fermi level moves down during particle emission. This necessitates minor adjustments in other model parameters. The situation is generalized to reactions with complex particle channels, and significant effects are seen in the calculations for a few reactions on light targets, though the average level of agreement with experiment is unchanged from earlier work.

We analyze single-particle momentum spectra and interferometry radii in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC within a hydro-inspired parametrization accounting for continuous hadron emission through the whole lifetime of hydrodynamically expanding fireball. We found that a satisfactory description of the data is achieved for a physically reasonable set of parameters when the emission from non-space-like sectors of the enclosed freeze-out hypersurface is fairly long: $9$ fm/c. This protracted surface emission is compensated in outward interferometry radii by positive $r_{\mathrm{out}}-t$ correlations that are the result of an intensive transverse expansion. The main features of the experimental data are reproduced: in particular, the obtained ratio of the outward to sideward interferometry radii is less than unity and decreases with increasing transverse momenta of pion pairs. The extracted value of the temperature of emission from the surface of hydrodynamic tube approximately coincides with one found at chemical freeze-out in RHIC Au+Au collisions. A significant contribution of the surface emission to the spectra and to the correlation functions at relatively large transverse momenta should be taken into account in advanced hydrodynamic models of ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions.

The effects of two-photon exchange corrections, suggested to explain the difference between measurements of the proton elastic electromagnetic form factors using the polarization transfer and Rosenbluth techniques, have been studied in elastic and inelastic scattering data. Such corrections could introduce ɛ-dependent nonlinearities in inelastic Rosenbluth separations, where ɛ is the virtual photon polarization parameter. It is concluded that such nonlinear effects are consistent with zero for elastic, resonance, and deep-inelastic scattering for all $Q^2$ and $W^2$ values measured.

The structures of $N\varphi$ states with spin-parity $J^p=3/2^{-}$ and $J^p=1/2^{-}$ are dynamically studied in both the chiral SU(3) quark model and the extended chiral SU(3) quark model by solving a resonating group method (RGM) equation. The model parameters are taken from our previous work, which gave a satisfactory description of the energies of the baryon ground states, the binding energy of the deuteron, the nucleon-nucleon (NN) scattering phase shifts, and the hyperon-nucleon (YN) cross sections. The channel coupling of $N\varphi$ and $\Lambda K^{*}$ is considered, and the effect of the tensor force which results in the mixing of S and D waves is also investigated. The results show that the $N\varphi$ state has an attractive interaction, and in the extended chiral SU(3) quark model such an attraction plus the channel coupling effect can consequently make for an $N\varphi$ quasi-bound state with several MeV binding energy.

We study the quasielastic contribution to the inclusive $({\nu }_l,{\nu }_{l}N),({\nu }_l,l^{-}N),({\overline{\nu }}_l,{\overline{\nu }}_{l}N)$, and $({\overline{\nu }}_l,l^{+}N)$ reactions in nuclei by using a Monte Carlo simulation method to account for the rescattering of the outgoing nucleon. As input, we take the reaction probability from the microscopical many-body framework developed in Phys. Rev. C 70, 055503 (2004) for charged-current-induced reactions, while for neutral currents we use results from a natural extension of the model described in that reference. For neutral-current neutrino-driven reactions, the nucleon emission process studied here is a clear signal that can be used in the analysis of future neutrino experiments.

A compact star with a superconducting quark core, a hadron crust, and a mixed phase between the two is considered. The quark-meson coupling model for hadron matter and the color-flavor-locked quark model for quark matter is used to construct the equation of state for the compact star. The effect of pairing of quarks in the color-flavor-locked phase and the mixed phase on the mass, radius, and period of the rotating star is studied.

Measurements of ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$ scattering at 87 MeV on a melamine (${\text{C}}_3{N}_6{H}_6$) target and of ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ at 95 MeV on C were performed. For ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$ the angular range was extended over previous measurements and monitoring of the intensity of the radioactive beam was improved. The measurements provide a renormalization of the absolute cross section of existing data on the proton transfer reaction ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$(${}^7\mathrm{Be}$,${}^8\mathrm{B}$)${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ and lead to improved optical-model potentials used in the incoming and outgoing channels for the distorted-wave Born approximation analysis. The results yield an updated determination of the asymptotic normalization coefficient for the virtual decay ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ → ${}^7\mathrm{Be}+p$. The new value, $C_{\mathrm{tot}}^2({}^{8}B)=0.466\pm 0.049$ fm${}^{-1}$, is slightly larger than, but consistent with, the previous result. This implies an astrophysical factor, $S_{17}(0)=18.0\pm 1.9$ eV b, for the solar neutrino-generating reaction ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$($p,\gamma$)${}^8\mathrm{B}$.

We discuss the use of wavelet bases to solve the relativistic three-body problem in momentum space. We address the treatment of the moving singularities that appear in the relativistic three-body problem. Wavelet bases can be used to transform momentum-space scattering integral equations into an approximate system of linear equations with a sparse matrix. This has the potential to reduce the size of realistic three-body calculations with minimal loss of accuracy. The wavelet method leads to a clean interaction-independent treatment of the scattering singularities that does not require any subtractions.