The paper reports on the ${}^{30,31}\mathrm{Na}$ and ${}^{33,34}\mathrm{Mg}$ proton inelastic scattering reactions studied at intermediate energy. The neutron and proton deformation of the four nuclei have been deduced and found to be strongly correlated by comparing the present $(p,p^{\text{'}})$ data with that of previous Coulomb excitation experiments. In the neutron-knockout channel a new state was found in ${}^{30}\mathrm{Na}$ at 360 keV and the energies of the known γ-ray transitions have been confirmed in all the four nuclei.

A collective Hamiltonian for the rotation-vibration motion of nuclei is considered in which the axial quadrupole and octupole degrees of freedom are coupled through the centrifugal interaction. The potential of the system depends on the two deformation variables ${\beta }_2$ and ${\beta }_3$. The system is considered to oscillate between positive and negative ${\beta }_3$ values by rounding an infinite potential core in the $({\beta }_2,{\beta }_3)$ plane with ${\beta }_2>0$. By assuming a coherent contribution of the quadrupole and octupole oscillation modes in the collective motion, the energy spectrum is derived in an explicit analytic form, providing specific parity shift effects. On this basis several possible ways in the evolution of quadrupole-octupole collectivity are outlined. A particular application of the model to the energy levels and electric transition probabilities in alternating parity spectra of the nuclei ${}^{150}\mathrm{Nd}$, ${}^{152}\mathrm{Sm}$, ${}^{154}\mathrm{Gd}$, and ${}^{156}\mathrm{Dy}$ is presented.

Assuming that the effect of the residual interaction beyond the mean field is weak and has a short memory time, two approximate treatments of correlation in fermionic systems by means of the Markovian quantum jump are presented. A simplified scenario for the introduction of fluctuations beyond the mean field is presented first. In this theory, part of the quantum correlations between the residual interaction and the one-body density matrix are neglected and jumps occur between many-body densities formed of pairs of states $D=|{\Phi }_a\rangle \langle {\Phi }_b|/\langle {\Phi }_b|{\Phi }_a\rangle$, where $|{\Phi }_a\rangle$ and $|{\Phi }_b\rangle$ are antisymmetrized products of single-particle states. The underlying stochastic mean-field theory is discussed and is applied to the monopole vibration of a spherical ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ nucleus under the influence of a statistical ensemble of two-body contact interactions. This framework is however too simplistic to account for both fluctuation and dissipation. In the second part of this work, an alternative quantum jump method is obtained without making the approximation on quantum correlations. By restricting to two-particle–two-hole residual interactions, the evolution of the one-body density matrix of a correlated system is transformed into a Lindblad equation. The associated dissipative dynamics can be simulated by quantum jumps between densities written as $D=|\Phi \rangle \langle \Phi |$, where $|\Phi \rangle$ is a normalized Slater determinant. The associated stochastic Schrödinger equation for single-particle wave functions is given.

We employ correlated realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions for the description of nuclear ground states throughout the nuclear chart within the Hartree-Fock approximation. The crucial short-range central and tensor correlations, which are induced by the realistic interaction and cannot be described by the Hartree-Fock many-body state itself, are included explicitly by a state-independent unitary transformation in the framework of the unitary correlation operator method (UCOM). Using the correlated realistic interaction $V_{\mathrm{UCOM}}$ resulting from the Argonne V18 potential, bound nuclei are already obtained on the Hartree-Fock level. However, the binding energies are smaller than the experimental values because long-range correlations have not been accounted for. Their inclusion by means of many-body perturbation theory leads to a remarkable agreement with experimental binding energies over the whole mass range from ${}^4\mathrm{He}$ to ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, even far off the valley of stability. The observed perturbative character of the residual long-range correlations and the apparently small net effect of three-body forces provides promising perspectives for a unified nuclear structure description.

Based on the phase-space information obtained from a multiphase transport model within the string-melting scenario for strange and antistrange quarks, we study the yields and transverse-momentum spectra of $\varphi$ mesons and $\Omega$ (${\Omega }^{-}+{\overline{\Omega }}^{+}$) baryons and their anisotropic flows in Au + Au collisions at RHIC using a dynamical quark coalescence model that includes the effect from quark phase-space distributions inside hadrons. With current quark masses and fixing the $\varphi$ and $\Omega$ radii from fitting measured yields, we first study the ratio of the yield of $\Omega$ baryons to that of $\varphi$ mesons as well as their elliptic and fourth-order flows as functions of their transverse momentum. How the elliptic and fourth-order flows of $\varphi$ mesons and $\Omega$ baryons are related to those of strange and antistrange quarks is then examined. The dependence of these results on $\varphi$ and $\Omega$ radii as well as on the strange quark mass is also studied.

Using a chiral unitary approach for meson-baryon scattering in the strangeness zero sector, where the $N^{*}(1535)S_{11}$ resonance is dynamically generated, we study the reactions $\gamma p\to {\pi }^0\eta p$ and $\gamma p\to {\pi }^0{K}^0{\Sigma }^{+}$ at photon energies at which the final states are produced close to threshold. Among several reaction mechanisms, we find the most important is the excitation of the ${\Delta }^{*}(1700)D_{33}$ state, which subsequently decays into a pseudoscalar meson and a baryon belonging to the $\Delta (1232)P_{33}$ decuplet. Hence, the reaction provides useful information with which to test current theories of the dynamical generation of the low-lying $3/2^{-}$ states. The first reaction is shown to lead to sizable cross sections and the $N^{*}(1535)S_{11}$ resonance shape is seen clearly in the $\eta p$ invariant mass distribution. The same dynamical model is shown to lead to much smaller cross sections at low energies in the second reaction. Predictions are made for cross sections and invariant mass distributions that can be compared with ongoing experiments at ELSA.

The beam normal spin asymmetry for elastic eN scattering is studied in the leading logarithm approximation, that is, keeping only terms proportional to $\ln {}^2{Q}^2/m^2,m$ being the electron mass. The resulting expression is valid for a wide range of scattering angles. However, at very forward kinematics the approximation becomes inadequate, and the appropriate conditions are given. We also calculate the numerical values of the asymmetry at intermediate energy and show that they are consistent with existing experimental data. Our results suggest that in the second resonance region multiple-pion intermediate states give a substantial contribution to the asymmetry.

The NN results are presented from the extended-soft-core (ESC) interactions. They consist of local and nonlocal potentials due to (i) one-boson-exchanges (OBE), which are the members of nonets of pseudoscalar, vector, scalar, and axial mesons, (ii) diffractive exchanges, (iii) two-pseudoscalar exchanges (PS-PS), and (iv) meson-pair exchanges (MPE). We describe a fit to the pp and np data for $0\le T_{\mathrm{lab}}\le 350$ MeV, having a typical ${\chi }^2/N_{\mathrm{data}}=1.155$. Here, we used ∼20 quasi-free physical parameters, which are coupling constants and cutoff masses. A remarkable feature of the couplings is that we were able to require them to follow rather closely the pattern predicted by the ${}^3{P}_0$ quark-pair-creation (QPC) model. As a result the 11 OBE couplings are rather constrained, i.e., quasi free. Also, the deuteron binding energy and the several NN scattering lengths are fitted.

The YN results are presented from the extended soft-core (ESC) interactions. They consist of local and nonlocal potentials because of (i) one-boson exchanges (OBE), which are the members of nonets of pseudoscalar, vector, scalar, and axial mesons; (ii) diffractive exchanges; (iii) two-pseudoscalar exchange; and (iv) meson-pair exchange (MPE). Both the OBE and pair vertices are regulated by Gaussian form factors producing potentials with a soft behavior near the origin. The assignment of the cutoff masses for the baryon-baryon-meson (BBM) vertices is dependent on the SU(3) classification of the exchanged mesons for OBE and a similar scheme for MPE. The particular version of the ESC model, called ESC04 [T. A. Rijken, Phys. Rev. C 73, 044007 (2006)], describes nucleon-nucleon (NN) and hyperon-nucleon (YN) interactions in a unified way using broken SU(3) symmetry. Novel ingredients are the inclusion of (i) the axial-vector meson potentials and (ii) a zero in the scalar- and axial-vector meson form factors. These innovations made it possible for the first time to keep the parameters of the model close to the predictions of the ${}^3{P}_0$ quark-antiquark creation model. This is also the case for the $F/(F+D)$ ratios. Furthermore, the introduction of the zero helped to avoid the occurrence of unwanted bound states. Broken SU(3) symmetry serves to connect the NN and the YN channels, which leaves after fitting NN only a few free parameters for the determination of the YN interactions. In particular, the meson-baryon coupling constants are calculated via SU(3) using the coupling constants of the NN analysis as input. Here, as a novel feature, medium-strong flavor-symmetry breaking (FSB) of the coupling constants was allowed, using the ${}^3{P}_0$ model with a Gell-Mann-Okubo hypercharge breaking for the BBM coupling. Very good fits for ESC model with and without FSB were obtained. The charge-symmetry breaking in the $\Lambda p$ and $\Lambda n$ channels, which is an SU(2) isospin breaking, is included in the OBE, TME, and MPE potentials. Simultaneous fits to the NN- and the YN-scattering data are described, using different options for the ESC model. For the selected 4233 NN data with energies $0\le T_{\mathrm{lab}}\le 350$ MeV, a ${\chi }^2/N_{\mathrm{data}}=1.22$ was typically reached. For the usual set of 35 YN data and 3 ${\Sigma }^{+}p$ cross sections from a recent KEK experiment E289 ${\chi }^2/{\mathit{YN}}_{\mathrm{data}}\approx 0.63$ was obtained. In particular, we were able to fit the precise experimental datum $r_R=0.468\pm 0.010$ for the inelastic capture ratio at rest rather well. The four versions (a,b,c, and d) of ESC04 presented in this article, give different results for hypernuclei. The reported G-matrix calculations are performed for YN ($\Lambda N,\Sigma N,\Xi N$) pairs in nuclear matter. The obtained well depths ($U_{\Lambda },U_{\Sigma },U_{\Xi }$) reveal distinct features of ESC04a–d. The $\Lambda \Lambda$ interactions are demonstrated to be consistent with the observed data of ${}_{\Lambda \Lambda }^6$He. The possible three-body effects are investigated by considering phenomenologically the changes of the vector-meson masses.

In this paper we study the photoproduction of heavy quarks and vector mesons in the coherent proton-nucleus (pA) interactions for RHIC and LHC energies and analyze if these processes can be used to determine the QCD dynamics at high energies. The integrated cross section and rapidity distribution are estimated using the color glass condensate (CGC) formalism. A comparison with the linear dynamics predictions is also presented. Our results indicate that the nonlinear dynamics can be proven in those reactions, which are well suited for studing saturation effects.

We study the $\Lambda (1520)$ resonance in a coupled-channel approach involving the $\pi \Sigma (1385),K\Xi (1530),\overline{K}N$, and $\pi \Sigma$ channels. Implementing unitarity in coupled channels, we make an analysis of the relative importance of the different mechanisms that contribute to the dynamical structure of this resonance. From experimental information on some partial wave amplitudes and constraints imposed by unitarity, we get a comprehensive description of the amplitudes and hence the couplings to the different channels. We test these amplitudes in different reactions like $K^{-}p\to \Lambda \pi \pi ,\gamma p\to K^{+}{K}^{-}p,\gamma p\to K^{+}{\pi }^0{\pi }^0\Lambda$, and ${\pi }^{-}p\to K^0{K}^{-}p$ and find a fair agreement with the experimental data.

The scaling function $f({\psi }^{\text{'}})$ for medium and heavy nuclei with $Z\ne N$ for which the proton and neutron densities are not similar is constructed within the coherent density fluctuation model (CDFM) as a sum of the proton and neutron scaling functions. The latter are calculated in the cases of ${}^{62}\mathrm{Ni}$, ${}^{82}\mathrm{Kr}$, ${}^{118}\mathrm{Sn}$, and ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ nuclei on the basis of the corresponding proton and neutron density distributions, which are obtained in the deformed self-consistent mean-field Skyrme HF+BCS method. The results are in reasonable agreement with the empirical data from the inclusive electron scattering from nuclei showing superscaling for negative values of ${\psi }^{\text{'}}$, including those smaller than $-1$. This is an improvement over the relativistic Fermi gas model predictions where $f({\psi }^{\text{'}})$ becomes abruptly zero for ${\psi }^{\text{'}}\le -1$. It is also an improvement over the CDFM calculations made in the past for nuclei with $Z\ne N$ assuming that the neutron density is equal to the proton one and using only the phenomenological charge density.

Nuclear effective field theory is applied to the effective-range expansion of S-wave nucleon-nucleon scattering on a discrete lattice. Lattice regularization is demonstrated to yield the effective-range expansion in the same way as in the usual continuous open space. The relation between the effective-range parameters and the potential parameters is presented in the limit of a large lattice.

The spatial structure of the neutron Cooper pair in superfluid low-density uniform matter is analyzed by means of BCS calculations employing a bare force and the effective Gogny interaction. It is shown that the Cooper pair exhibits a strong spatial dineutron correlation over a wide range of neutron densities $\rho /{\rho }_0\approx {10}^{-4}-0.5$. This feature is related to the crossover behavior between the pairing of the weak coupling BCS type and the Bose-Einstein condensation of bound neutron pairs. It is also shown that the zero-range δ interaction can describe the spatial structure of the neutron Cooper pair if the density-dependent interaction strength and the cutoff energy are appropriately chosen. Parametrizations of the density-dependent δ interaction satisfying this condition are discussed.

Relativistic mean field theory with the NL3 force is used to produce potential energy surfaces (PESs) for a series of isotopes suggested as exhibiting critical point symmetries. Relatively flat PESs are obtained for nuclei showing the E(5) symmetry, whereas in nuclei corresponding to the X(5) case, PESs with a bump are obtained. The PESs corresponding to the Pt chain of isotopes suggest a transition from prolate to oblate shapes at ${}^{186}\mathrm{Pt}$.

We have investigated nuclear-shell effects across the magic number $N=126$ in the region of the r-process path. Microscopic calculations have been performed using the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov approach within the framework of the relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory for isotopic chains of rare-earth nuclei in the r-process region. The Lagrangian model NL-SV1 with the inclusion of the vector self-coupling of ω meson has been employed. The RMF results show that the shell effects at $N=126$ remain strong and exhibit only a slight reduction in the strength in going from the r-process path to the neutron drip line. This is in striking contrast to a systematic weakening of the shell effects at $N=82$ in the r-process region predicted earlier in the similar approach. In comparison the shell effects with microscopic-macroscopic mass formulas show a near constancy of shell gaps leading to strong shell effects in the region of r-process path to the drip line. A recent analysis of solar-system r-process abundances in a prompt supernova explosion model using various mass formulas, including the recently introduced mass tables based on Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method shows that although mass formulas with weak shell effects at $N=126$ give rise to a spread and an overproduction of nuclides near the third abundance peak at $A~190$, mass tables with droplet models showing stronger shell effects are able to reproduce the abundance features near the third peak appropriately. In comparison, several analyses of the second r-process peak at $A~130$ have required weakened (quenched) shell effects at $N=82$. Our predictions in the RMF theory with NL-SV1, which exhibit weaker shell effects at $N=82$ and correspondingly stronger shell effects at $N=126$ in the r-process region, support the conjecture that a different nature of the shell effects at the magic numbers may be at play in r-process nucleosynthesis of heavy nuclei.

The complete form of the equation of state of strangeness rich protoneutron and neutron star matter has been obtained. The currently obtained lower value of the $U_{\Lambda }^{(\Lambda )}$ potential at the level of 5 MeV permits the existence of additional parameter set which reproduces the weaker $\Lambda \Lambda$ interaction. The effects of the strength of hyperon-hyperon interactions on the equations of state constructed for the chosen parameter set have been analyzed. It has been shown that replacing the strong $Y\text{−}Y$ interaction model by the weak one introduces large differences in the composition of a protoneutron star matter both in the strange and nonstrange sectors. Also concentrations of neutrinos have been significantly altered in protoneutron star interiors. The performed calculations have indicated that the change of the hyperon-hyperon coupling constants affects the value of the proto-neutron star maximum mass.

The proton to proton polarization transfer coefficients $K_x^{x^{\text{'}}},K_y^{y^{\text{'}}}$, and $K_z^{x^{\text{'}}}$, and the proton to deuteron polarization transfer coefficients $K_x^{x^{\text{'}}},K_y^{y^{\text{'}}},K_z^{x^{\text{'}}}$, $K_x^{y^{\text{'}}{z}^{\text{'}}},K_y^{z^{\text{'}}{z}^{\text{'}}},K_z^{y^{\text{'}}{z}^{\text{'}}},K_y^{x^{\text{'}}{z}^{\text{'}}}$, and $K_y^{x^{\text{'}}{x}^{\text{'}}-y^{\text{'}}{y}^{\text{'}}}$ were measured in $d(\overrightarrow{p},\overrightarrow{p})d$ and $d(\overrightarrow{p},\overrightarrow{d})p$ reactions, respectively, at $E_p^{\mathrm{lab}}=22.7$ MeV. The data were compared to predictions of modern nuclear forces obtained by solving the three-nucleon Faddeev equations in momentum space. Realistic (semi)phenomenological nucleon-nucleon potentials combined with model three-nucleon forces and modern chiral nuclear forces were used. The AV18, CD Bonn, and Nijm I and II nucleon-nucleon interactions were applied alone or combined with the Tucson-Melbourne 99 three-nucleon force, adjusted separately for each potential to reproduce the triton binding energy. For the AV18 potential, the Urbana IX three-nucleon force was also used. In addition, chiral NN potentials in the next-to-leading order and chiral two- and three-nucleon forces in the next-to-next-to-leading order were applied. Only when three-nucleon forces are included does a satisfactory description of all data result. For the chiral approach, the restriction to the forces in the next-to-leading order is insufficient. Only when going over to the next-to-next-to-leading order does one get a satisfactory description of the data, similar to the one obtained with the (semi)phenomenological forces.

A simple parametrization of the ${}^2\mathrm{H}$$(\gamma ,p)n$ cross-section data from LEGS, Mainz, and Bonn at laboratory photon energies between 187.5 and 420 MeV and the LEGS and Mainz beam asymmetry data between 185 and 412 MeV has been done. The fit represents both the energy and angular dependence of the cross section and asymmetry in terms of Legendre polynomials. A reduced ${\chi }^2$ of 1.641 is obtained for the cross-section data with a total of 20 parameters. Three of the parameters are renormalization factors introduced to permit the three cross-section data sets to float relative to one another. The resulting renormalization factors are found to be well within the quoted systematic uncertainties for each experiment. The energy dependence of the parameters is in good agreement with fits done to the Mainz data at individual energies. The asymmetries are fit with an additional eight parameters with a reduced ${\chi }^2$ of 1.229.