We calculate the nuclear shadowing ratio for a wide range of nuclei at small Bjorken-$x$ in the framework of Gribov theory. The coherent contribution to the (virtual) photon-nucleon cross section is obtained in terms of the diffractive dissociation cross section. Information on diffraction from FNAL and HERA is used. Our results are compared to available data from the New Muon Collaboration and E665 Collaboration experiments at $x\simeq {10}^{-4}$.

We analyze the possibility of producing an intermediate ${\Theta }^{+}$ via a $\mathit{KN}\to {\Theta }^{+}$ formation process in $\gamma D\to {\mathit{pK}}^{-}X(X={\mathit{nK}}^{+},{\mathit{pK}}^0)$ reactions at some specific kinematical conditions, in which a ${\mathit{pK}}^{-}$ pair is knocked out in the forward direction and its invariant mass is close to the mass of ${\Lambda }^{*}[{\Lambda }^{*}\equiv \Lambda (1520)]$. The ${\Theta }^{+}$ signal may appear in the $[\gamma D,{\mathit{pK}}^{-}]$ missing mass distribution. The ratio of the signal (cross section at the ${\Theta }^{+}$ peak position) to the smooth background processes varies from 0.7 to 2.5 depending on the spin and parity of ${\Theta }^{+}$, and it decreases correspondingly if the ${\mathit{pK}}^{-}$ invariant mass is outside of the ${\Lambda }^{*}$-resonance region. We analyze the recent CLAS search for the ${\Theta }^{+}$ in the $\gamma D\to {\mathit{pK}}^{-}{\mathit{nK}}^{+}$ reaction and show that the conditions of this experiment greatly reduce the ${\Theta }^{+}$ formation process making it difficult to extract a ${\Theta }^{+}$ peak from the data.

Charge exchange spin-dipole (SD) excitations of ${}^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$ are studied by the ${}^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$$(p,n)$ and ${}^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$$(n,p)$ reactions at 300 MeV. A multipole decomposition technique is employed to obtain the SD strength distributions in the cross-section spectra. For the first time, a model-independent SD sum rule value is obtained: $148\pm 12{\mathrm{fm}}^2$. The neutron skin thickness of ${}^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$ is determined to be $0.07\pm 0.04\mathrm{fm}$ from the SD sum rule value.

The effect of spurious relative kinetic energy removal on the fission barriers is discussed within the Skyrme Hartree-Fock method. Calculations for medium-heavy nuclei show that this correction is large and in the right direction.

The energy distributions of the Gamow-Teller (GT) strength are studied for even-even Xe isotopes with mass numbers from 124 to 142. A self-consistent microscopic formalism is used to generate the single-particle basis, using a deformed Skyrme Hartree-Fock mean field with pairing correlations in the BCS approximation. The GT transitions are obtained within a quasiparticle random phase approximation approach using a residual spin-isospin interaction in the particle-hole (ph) and particle-particle (pp) channels. We then discuss the pairing BCS treatment and the determination of the ph and pp residual interaction coupling constants. We study the GT${}^{+}$ and GT${}^{-}$ strength distributions for the equilibrium nuclear shapes, which comprise essential information for studies of charge-exchange reactions and double-β processes involving these isotopes.

We analyze the inelastic scattering of α particles on ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ exciting the $0_2^{+}$ state at incident energies of $E_{\alpha }=139\text{−}240$ MeV using α-condensate model wave functions, and investigate the effect of the nuclear radius of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$($0_2^{+}$) on the inelastic angular distribution. It is found that the oscillation pattern in inelastic angular distribution is sensitive to the extension of the transition density rather than the nuclear radius of the excited state, although the absolute value of the inelastic differential cross section is sensitive to the nuclear radius of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$($0_2^{+}$).

We populated states in ${}^{33}\mathrm{Cl}$ that are useful for an accurate calibration of the β-delayed proton spectrum from ${}^{33}\mathrm{Ar}$ using ${}^{32}\mathrm{S}$$(p,\gamma )$ resonances and obtained precise values for excitation energies by measuring the energies of the de-excitation gamma rays. In addition, we obtained an upper limit of $0.3$ keV on the width of the second excited $J^{\pi }=3/2^{+}$ state in ${}^{33}\mathrm{Cl}$, which removes an apparent discrepancy with the width observed in ${}^{33}\mathrm{Ar}$ decay. Our results may play an important role in determining the $e^{+}\text{−}\nu$ correlation from ${}^{32}\mathrm{Ar}$ β decay.

The shell structure underlying shape changes in neutron-rich nuclei between $N=20$ and $N=28$ has been investigated by a novel application of the transient field technique to measure the first-excited state $g$ factors in ${}^{38}\mathrm{S}$ and ${}^{40}\mathrm{S}$ produced as fast radioactive beams. Details of the new methodology are presented. In both ${}^{38}\mathrm{S}$ and ${}^{40}\mathrm{S}$ there is a fine balance between the proton and neutron contributions to the magnetic moments. Shell-model calculations that describe the level schemes and quadrupole properties of these nuclei also give a satisfactory explanation of the $g$ factors. In ${}^{38}\mathrm{S}$ the $g$ factor is extremely sensitive to the occupation of the neutron $p_{3/2}$ orbit above the $N=28$ shell gap as occupation of this orbit strongly affects the proton configuration. The $g$ factor of deformed ${}^{40}\mathrm{S}$ does not resemble that of a conventional collective nucleus because spin contributions are more important than usual.

We present the first statistically meaningful results from two-$K_s^0$ interferometry in heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV. A model that takes the effect of the strong interaction into account has been used to fit the measured correlation function. The effects of single and coupled channels were explored. At the mean transverse mass $\langle m_T\rangle =1.07$ GeV, we obtain the values $R=4.09\pm 0.46(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.31(\mathrm{sys})$ fm and $\lambda =0.92\pm 0.23(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.13(\mathrm{sys})$, where $R$ and λ are the invariant radius and chaoticity parameters, respectively. The results are qualitatively consistent with $m_T$ systematics established with pions in a scenario characterized by a strong collective flow.

The heavy ion probability for continuum $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ pair production has been calculated to all orders in $Z\alpha$ as a function of impact parameter. The formula resulting from an exact solution of the semiclassical Dirac equation in the ultrarelativistic limit is evaluated numerically. In a calculation of $\gamma =100$ colliding Au ions, the probability of $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ pair production is reduced from the perturbation theory result throughout the impact parameter range.

The open quantum system formulation of the nuclear shell model, the so-called Gamow shell model (GSM), is a multiconfigurational SM that employs a single-particle basis given by the Berggren ensemble consisting of Gamow states and the non-resonant continuum of scattering states. The GSM is of particular importance for weakly bound/unbound nuclear states where both many-body correlations and the coupling to decay channels are essential. In this context, we investigate the role of $\ell =0$ antibound (virtual) neutron single-particle states in the shell model description of loosely bound wave functions, such as the ground state wave function of a halo nucleus ${}^{11}\mathrm{Li}$.

The ${}^{112}\mathrm{Sn}$($p,t$)${}^{110}\mathrm{Sn}$ reaction was studied in a high-resolution experiment at an incident proton energy of 26 MeV. Angular distributions for 27 transitions to levels of ${}^{110}\mathrm{Sn}$ up to an excitation energy of $~4.3$ MeV were measured. A distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) analysis of experimental angular distributions using conventional Woods-Saxon potentials were done, allowing either the confirmation of previous spin and parity values or the assignment of new spin and parity to a large number of ${}^{110}\mathrm{Sn}$ states. A shell-model study was performed using an effective interaction derived from the CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential. The energy spectra are calculated and compared with experiment, whereas the theoretical two-nucleon spectroscopic amplitudes, evaluated in a truncated seniority space, are used in the microscopic DWBA calculation of some cross-section angular distributions.

The multifragmentation reaction channel was investigated in 14.6 GeV ${}^4\mathrm{He}$+Au interactions. The experimental setup enabled event-by-event analysis. An internal correlation study suggests a nearly simultaneous emission of fragments. The velocities ($V{}_{\mathrm{c.m.}}$) of the center-of-mass system of correlated fragments were calculated. The transverse component of $V{}_{c.m.}$ with respect to the beam direction has higher values than the longitudinal one, which corresponds to large recoil angles of the source. The angular distributions of fragments are sideways peaked. The peak angle is dependent on the atomic number of fragment and multiplicity. Our results show that the heaviest fragment in one event corresponds, on average, to the largest emission angle, the second heaviest fragment corresponds to the second largest emission angle, and so on.

Significant amounts of the neutron-rich isotope ${}^{183}\mathrm{Hf}$ have been produced by $(n,\gamma )$ reaction on the long-lived ${}^{182}\mathrm{Hf}$ ($t_{1/2}=8.9\times {10}^6$ y) during an irradiation with thermal neutrons. The half-life of ${}^{183}\mathrm{Hf}$ has been remeasured with high precision using the decay curve of its most abundant γ rays. The new half-life value is $1.018\pm 0.002$ h, which is 4.6% shorter and eight times more accurate than the previous recommended value.

Using the quantum molecular dynamics model, we aim to investigate the emission of light complex particles, and degree of stopping reached in heavy-ion collisions. We took incident energies between 50 and 1000 MeV/nucleon. In addition, central and peripheral collisions and different masses are also considered. We observe that the light complex particles act in almost similar manner as anisotropic ratio. In other words, multiplicity of light complex particles is an indicator of global stopping in heavy-ion collisions. We see that maximum light complex particles and stopping is obtained for heavier masses in central collisions.

Charge symmetry breaking effects that perturb analog symmetry between nuclei are usually small but are important in extracting reliable Fermi matrix elements from “superallowed” β decays and testing conserved vector current theory, especially for the heavier cases. We have used the ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$(${}^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$, $\mathit{pn}$)${}^{74}\mathrm{Rb}$ and ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$(${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$,$\alpha \mathit{pn}$)${}^{74}\mathrm{Rb}$ reactions at 108, 123 and 160 MeV, respectively, to populate ${}^{74}\mathrm{Rb}$ and determine the analog distortion through comparison of $T=1$ states in ${}^{74}\mathrm{Rb}$ with their corresponding ${}^{74}\mathrm{Kr}$ levels. We have traced the analogs of the ${}^{74}\mathrm{Kr}$ ground-state band in ${}^{74}\mathrm{Rb}$ to a candidate spin $J=8$ state and determined the Coulomb energy differences. They are small and positive and increase smoothly with spin. New $T=0$ states were found that better delineate the deformed band structure and clarify the steps in deexcitation from high spin. A new $T=0$ band was found. No evidence was found for γ decay to or from a low-lying $J^{\pi }=0^{+}$ state in ${}^{74}\mathrm{Rb}$ despite a careful search.

Superscaling analyses of inclusive electron scattering from nuclei are extended from the quasielastic processes to the delta excitation region. The calculations of $(e,e^{\text{'}})$ cross sections for the target nucleus ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ at various incident electron energies are performed using scaling functions $f({\psi }^{\text{'}})$ obtained in approaches going beyond the mean-field approximation, such as the coherent density fluctuation model (CDFM) and the one based on the light-front dynamics method. The results are compared with those obtained using the relativistic Fermi gas (RFG) model and the extended RFG model (ERFG). Our method utilizes in an equivalent way both basic nuclear quantities, density and momentum distributions, showing their role for the scaling and superscaling phenomena. The approach is extended to consider scaling function for medium and heavy nuclei with $Z\ne N$ for which the proton and neutron densities are not similar. The asymmetry of the CDFM quasielastic scaling function is introduced, simulating in a phenomenological way the effects that violate the symmetry for ${\psi }^{\prime }⩾0$, including the role of the final-state interaction. The superscaling properties of the electron scattering are used to predict charge-changing neutrino-nucleus cross sections at energies from 1 to 2 GeV. A comparison with the results of the ERFG model is made. The analyses make it possible to gain information about the nucleon correlation effects on both local density and nucleon momentum distributions.

The neutron burnup cross section ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{burnup}}^m$ on the long-lived metastable state of ${}^{177}\mathrm{Lu}$ has been measured from a specially designed isomeric target. The Maxwellian averaged cross section obtained for this reaction on ${}^{177}\mathrm{Lu}$${}^m(J^{\pi }=23/2^{-})$ is ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{burnup}}^m=626\pm 45$ b at the reactor temperature $T=323$ K. The difference between the burnup cross section and the previously measured capture cross section ${\sigma }_{n,\gamma }$ clearly shows a possible existence of ${}^{177}\mathrm{Lu}$${}^m$ deexcitation via ($n,n^{\text{'}}$) inelastic neutron acceleration channels. The results are interpreted in terms of a statistical approach using parameters from a deformed optical potential calculation.