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Field-theoretical description of the deuteron breakup in the clothed particle representation

O. Shebeko1,*, A. Arslanaliev1,†, Y. Kostylenko1,‡, V. Chahar6,2,§, J. Golak2,∥, H. Kamada3,4,¶, W. N. Polyzou5,**, D. Ramírez6,2,††, R. Skibiński2,‡‡ et al.

K. Topolnicki2,§§ and H. Witała2,∥∥

  • *Contact author: shebeko@kipt.kharkov.ua
  • †Contact author: arslanaliev.kh@gmail.com
  • ‡Contact author: nlokost@gmail.com
  • §Contact author: vaibhav.chahar@doctoral.uj.edu.pl
  • ∥Contact author: jacek.golak@uj.edu.pl
  • Contact author: kamada@rcnp.osaka-u.ac.jp
  • **Contact author: polyzou@uiowa.edu
  • ††Contact author: df.ramirez@doctoral.uj.edu.pl
  • ‡‡Contact author: roman.skibinski@uj.edu.pl
  • §§Contact author: kacper.topolnicki@uj.edu.pl
  • ∥∥Contact author: henryk.witala@uj.edu.pl
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Phys. Rev. C 114, 044006 – Published 23 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hzj2-dz1j

Abstract

We present a field-theoretical description of the deuteron electrodisintegration reaction d(e,e′p)n induced by unpolarized and polarized electrons. The approach combines the Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann in(out) formalism with the clothed particle representation in the instant form of relativistic dynamics, providing a fully relativistic and gauge-independent framework based on the Fock-Weyl criterion. Within the method of unitary clothing transformations, one and the same transformation that generates the relativistic nucleon-nucleon interaction (the Kharkiv potential) also induces a fresh family of electromagnetic current operators. As a result, one-body and two-body (meson-exchange) currents emerge on a common footing. We compute differential cross sections and polarization observables with the inclusion of final-state interaction effects and meson-exchange current contributions and compare the results with Saclay and Jefferson Lab data as well as with earlier theoretical predictions. The role of relativistic ingredients (one- and two-body currents, Fermi-motion effects, etc.) and the interplay between them are analyzed in several kinematic regimes of the experiments at Saclay and Jefferson Lab.

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Phys. Rev. C 114, 044006– Published 23 October, 2026
  • Received 5 May 2026
  • Revised 6 August 2026
  • Accepted 21 September 2026
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