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Spin-density wave of ferrimagnetic building blocks masking the ferromagnetic quantum critical point in NbFe2

T. Poulis1,*, G. Mani1, J. Sturt1, W. J. Duncan1, H. Thoma2,3, V. Hutanu2,3, B. Ouladdiaf4, I. Kibalin4, M. H. Lemee4 et al.

P. Manuel5, A. Neubauer6, C. Pfleiderer6, F. M. Grosche7, and P. G. Niklowitz1,†

  • *Contact author: thomas.poulis.2022@live.rhul.ac.uk
  • †Contact author: philipp.niklowitz@rhul.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. B 114, 225106 – Published 5 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lcrw-ptwv

Abstract

In the metallic magnet NbFe2, the low temperature threshold of ferromagnetism can be investigated by varying the Fe concentration within a narrow homogeneity range. NbFe2 is one of a number of compounds where modulated order is found to mask the ferromagnetic quantum critical point. However, here we report the rare case where the masking modulated magnetic order has been fully refined. Spherical neutron polarimetry and high-intensity single-crystal neutron diffraction reveal the first case of a longitudinal spin-density wave masking the ferromagnetic quantum critical point. The spin-density wave is characterized by a large-wavelength incommensurate modulation of its low average moment. It is formed from ferrimagnetic building blocks with antiparallel ferromagnetic sheets. The existence of ferromagnetic sheets and compensation of the magnetization only over mesoscopic length scales show local similarity between the spin-density wave and the ferromagnetic parent phase and indicate the spin-density wave's unconventional nature as emerging from underlying ferromagnetic quantum criticality.

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Phys. Rev. B 114, 225106– Published 5 October, 2026
  • Received 31 December 2025
  • Revised 4 August 2026
  • Accepted 4 August 2026
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