- Open Access
Cumulative effects of laser-generated gravitational shock waves
Phys. Rev. Research 7, 033079 – Published 21 July, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ylvn-3ybm
Abstract
The emission of light pulses is expected to generate gravitational waves, opening the possibility of controlling gravity in an Earthed laboratory. However, measuring the optically driven spacetime deformations is challenging due to the inherently weak interaction. We explore the possibility to achieve a detectable gravitational effect from light emission by examining the cumulative effect of a sequence of laser-generated gravitational shock waves on a test particle. We derive an exact solution to the Einstein equations for cylindrically shaped optical beams with constant energy density, imposing a continuity condition for the metric and its first-order derivatives. Our analysis reveals that laser-induced gravitational fields cause a spatial shift in the test particle, which is measurable within current interferometric technology.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (40)
- B. P. Abbott et al., Observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102 (2016).
- R. C. Tolman, P. Ehrenfest, and B. Podolsky, On the gravitational field produced by light, Phys. Rev. 37, 602 (1931).
- P. J. Westervelt, Gravitational radiation from a pulse of light, Acta Phys. Pol. 27, 831 (1965).
- J. C. Hegarty, Gravitational effect of electromagnetic radiation, Nuovo Cimento B 61, 47 (1969).
- M. O. Scully, General-relativistic treatment of the gravitational coupling between laser beams, Phys. Rev. D 19, 3582 (1979).
- D. Rätzel, M. Wilkens, and R. Menzel, Gravitational properties of light—the gravitational field of a laser pulse, New J. Phys. 18, 023009 (2016).
- D. Rätzel, M. Wilkens, and R. Menzel, Gravitational properties of light: The emission of counter-propagating laser pulses from an atom, Phys. Rev. D 95, 084008 (2017).
- F. Schneiter, D. Rätzel, and D. Braun, The gravitational field of a laser beam beyond the short wavelength approximation, Class. Quantum Grav. 35, 195007 (2018).
- P. Lageyre, E. d'Humières, and X. Ribeyre, Gravitational influence of high power laser pulses, Phys. Rev. D 105, 104052 (2022).
- L. P. Grishchuk and M. V. Sazhin, Emission of gravitational waves by an electromagnetic cavity, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 65, 441 (1973).
- L. P. Grishchuk and M. V. Sazhin, Excitation and detection of standing gravitational waves, Sov. Phys. JETP 41, 787 (1976).
- L. P. Grishchuk, Gravitational waves in the cosmos and the laboratory, Sov. Phys. Usp. 20, 319 (1977).
- L. P. Grishchuk, Electromagnetic generators and detectors of gravitational waves, arXiv:gr-qc/0306013.
- F. Spengler, D. Rätzel, and D. Braun, Perspectives of measuring gravitational effects of laser light and particle beams, New J. Phys. 24, 053021 (2022).
- M. E. Gertsenshtein, Wave resonance of light and gravitational waves, Sov. Phys. JETP 14, 84 (1962).
- Y. B. Zel'dovich and I. D. Novikov, Relativistic Astrophysics (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1983), Vol. 2.
- M. Portilla and R. Lapiedra, Generation of high frequency gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. D 63, 044014 (2001).
- N. I. Kolosnitsyn and V. N. Rudenko, Gravitational Hertz experiment with electromagnetic radiation in a strong magnetic field, Phys. Scr. 90, 074059 (2015).
- X. Ribeyre and V. Tikhonchuk, High frequency gravitational waves generation in laser plasma interaction, in The Twelfth Marcel Grossmann Meeting, edited by T. Damour, R. Jantzen, and R. Ruffini (World Scientific, Singapore, 2012), pp. 1640–1642.
- E. G. Gelfer, H. Kadlecová, O. Klimo, S. Weber, and G. Korn, Gravitational waves generated by laser accelerated relativistic ions, Phys. Plasmas 23, 093107 (2016).
- H. Kadlecová, O. Klimo, S. Weber, and G. Korn, Gravitational wave generation by interaction of high power lasers with matter using shock waves, Eur. Phys. J. D 71, 89 (2017).
- J. Griffiths, Colliding plane waves in general relativity (Dover, New York, 2016), Chap. 4.
- H. W. Brinkmann, On Riemann spaces conformal to Euclidean space, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 9, 1 (1923).
- A. Peres, Some gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. Lett. 3, 571 (1959).
- J. van Holten, The gravitational field of a light wave, Fortschr. Phys. 59, 284 (2011).
- N. Rosen, Plane polarized waves in the general theory of relativity, Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 12, 366 (1937).
- P. Bell and P. Szekeres, Interacting electromagnetic shock waves in general relativity, Gen. Relativ. Gravitation 5, 275 (1974).
- D. Bini, A. Geralico, M. Haney, and A. Ortolan, Particle dynamics and deviation effects in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave, Phys. Rev. D 89, 104049 (2014).
- W. B. Bonnor, The gravitational field of light, Commun. Math. Phys. 13, 163 (1969).
- W. B. Bonnor, The gravitational field of photons, Gen. Relativ. Gravitation 41, 77 (2009).
- Discontinuities in the second-order derivatives are expected, as the Einstein equation is a second-order partial differential equation, and the stress-energy tensor is discontinuous at the border of the pulse.
- A. Lichnerowicz, in Théories Relativistes de la Gravitation et de L'électromagnétisme: Relativité Générale et Théories Unitaires, Collection d'ouvrages de mathématiques à l'usage des physiciens (Masson et Cie, France, 1955), Chaps. I and III.
- F. Gori, Flattened Gaussian beams, Opt. Commun. 107, 335 (1994).
- The domain of inverse error function is . For simplicity, we assume , which ensures that the transformation (4) is well defined throughout the entire region . If this condition is not satisfied, it becomes necessary to define subregions as and assume that the coordinate systems cover the subregions instead of . This modification does not affect the results of this paper, as the coordinate systems and still provide a complete atlas covering both the interior and the exterior regions. For completeness, Appendix pp1 addresses the more general case in which does not coincide with .
- I. Pikovski, M. R. Vanner, M. Aspelmeyer, M. S. Kim, and Č. Brukner, Probing Planck-scale physics with quantum optics, Nat. Phys. 8, 393 (2012).
- J. Schmöle, M. Dragosits, H. Hepach, and M. Aspelmeyer, A micromechanical proof-of-principle experiment for measuring the gravitational force of milligram masses, Class. Quantum Grav. 33, 125031 (2016).
- A. Belenchia, R. M. Wald, F. Giacomini, E. Castro-Ruiz, Č. Brukner, and M. Aspelmeyer, Quantum superposition of massive objects and the quantization of gravity, Phys. Rev. D 98, 126009 (2018).
- C. Marletto and V. Vedral, Gravitationally induced entanglement between two massive particles is sufficient evidence of quantum effects in gravity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 240402 (2017).
- M. Lewenstein, M. F. Ciappina, E. Pisanty, J. Rivera-Dean, P. Stammer, T. Lamprou, and P. Tzallas, Generation of optical Schrödinger cat states in intense laser–matter interactions, Nat. Phys. 17, 1104 (2021).
- L.-Q. Chen and F. Giacomini, Quantum effects in gravity beyond the Newton potential from a delocalised quantum source, arXiv:2402.10288.