- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Research

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Tripartite hybrid quantum systems: Skyrmion-mediated quantum interactions between single nitrogen-vacancy centers and superconducting qubits

Xue-Feng Pan and Peng-Bo Li*

  • Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

  • *Contact author: lipengbo@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
PDF

Phys. Rev. Research 7, 043175 – Published 18 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ylrc-trpk

Abstract

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and superconducting qubits are two promising solid-state quantum systems for quantum science and technology, but the realization of controlled interfaces between individual solid-state spins and superconducting qubits remains fundamentally challenging. Here, we propose and analyze a hybrid quantum system consisting of a magnetic skyrmion, an NV center, and a superconducting qubit, where the solid-state qubits are both positioned in proximity to the skyrmion structure in a thin magnetic disk. We show that it is experimentally feasible to achieve strong (coherent or dissipative) coupling between the NV center and the superconducting qubit by using the quantized gyration mode of the skyrmion as an intermediary. This allows coherent information transfer and nonreciprocal responses between the NV center and the superconducting qubit at the single quantum level with high controllability. The proposed platform provides a scalable pathway for implementing quantum protocols that synergistically exploit the complementary advantages of spin-based quantum memories, microwave-frequency superconducting circuits, and topologically protected magnetic excitations.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (165)

  1. N. Bar-Gill, L. M. Pham, A. Jarmola, D. Budker, and R. L. Walsworth, Solid-state electronic spin coherence time approaching one second, Nat. Commun. 4, 1743 (2013).
  2. M. W. Doherty, N. B. Manson, P. Delaney, F. Jelezko, J. Wrachtrup, and L. C. L. Hollenberg, The nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in diamond, Phys. Rep. 528, 1 (2013).
  3. A. Sipahigil, R. E. Evans, D. D. Sukachev, M. J. Burek, J. Borregaard, M. K. Bhaskar, C. T. Nguyen, J. L. Pacheco, H. A. Atikian, C. Meuwly, R. M. Camacho, F. Jelezko, E. Bielejec, H. Park, M. Lončar, and M. D. Lukin, An integrated diamond nanophotonics platform for quantum-optical networks, Science 354, 847 (2016).
  4. Y.-I. Sohn, S. Meesala, B. Pingault, H. A. Atikian, J. Holzgrafe, M. Gündoǧan, C. Stavrakas, M. J. Stanley, A. Sipahigil, J. Choi, M. Zhang, J. L. Pacheco, J. Abraham, E. Bielejec, M. D. Lukin, M. Atatüre, and M. Lončar, Controlling the coherence of a diamond spin qubit through its strain environment, Nat. Commun. 9, 2012 (2018).
  5. C. Bradac, W. Gao, J. Forneris, M. E. Trusheim, and I. Aharonovich, Quantum nanophotonics with group IV defects in diamond, Nat. Commun. 10, 5625 (2019).
  6. T. Neuman, M. Eichenfield, M. E. Trusheim, L. Hackett, P. Narang, and D. Englund, A phononic interface between a superconducting quantum processor and quantum networked spin memories, npj Quantum Inf. 7, 121 (2021).
  7. I. B. W. Harris and D. Englund, Coherence of group-IV color centers, Phys. Rev. B 109, 085414 (2024).
  8. G. D. Fuchs, G. Burkard, P. V. Klimov, and D. D. Awschalom, A quantum memory intrinsic to single nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond, Nat. Phys. 7, 789 (2011).
  9. Z.-L. Xiang, S. Ashhab, J. Q. You, and F. Nori, Hybrid quantum circuits: Superconducting circuits interacting with other quantum systems, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 623 (2013).
  10. M. Kjaergaard, M. E. Schwartz, J. Braumüller, P. Krantz, J. I.-J. Wang, S. Gustavsson, and W. D. Oliver, Superconducting qubits: Current state of play, Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 11, 369 (2020).
  11. A. A. Clerk, K. W. Lehnert, P. Bertet, J. R. Petta, and Y. Nakamura, Hybrid quantum systems with circuit quantum electrodynamics, Nat. Phys. 16, 257 (2020).
  12. G. Burkard, M. J. Gullans, X. Mi, and J. R. Petta, Superconductor-semiconductor hybrid-circuit quantum electrodynamics, Nat. Rev. Phys. 2, 129 (2020).
  13. F. Arute, K. Arya, R. Babbush, D. Bacon, J. C. Bardin, R. Barends, R. Biswas, S. Boixo, F. G. S. L. Brandao, and D. A. Buell, Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor, Nature (London) 574, 505 (2019).
  14. M. Pita-Vidal, A. Bargerbos, R. Žitko, L. J. Splitthoff, L. Grünhaupt, J. J. Wesdorp, Y. Liu, L. P. Kouwenhoven, R. Aguado, B. van Heck, A. Kou, and C. K. Andersen, Direct manipulation of a superconducting spin qubit strongly coupled to a transmon qubit, Nat. Phys. 19, 1110 (2023).
  15. I. Aharonovich, A. D. Greentree, and S. Prawer, Diamond photonics, Nat. Photon. 5, 397 (2011).
  16. E. R. MacQuarrie, T. A. Gosavi, N. R. Jungwirth, S. A. Bhave, and G. D. Fuchs, Mechanical spin control of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 227602 (2013).
  17. P. Ovartchaiyapong, K. W. Lee, B. A. Myers, and A. C. B. Jayich, Dynamic strain-mediated coupling of a single diamond spin to a mechanical resonator, Nat. Commun. 5, 4429 (2014).
  18. J. Teissier, A. Barfuss, P. Appel, E. Neu, and P. Maletinsky, Strain coupling of a nitrogen-vacancy center spin to a diamond mechanical oscillator, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 020503 (2014).
  19. D. A. Golter, T. Oo, M. Amezcua, I. Lekavicius, K. A. Stewart, and H. Wang, Coupling a surface acoustic wave to an electron spin in diamond via a dark state, Phys. Rev. X 6, 041060 (2016).
  20. D. A. Golter, T. Oo, M. Amezcua, K. A. Stewart, and H. Wang, Optomechanical quantum control of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 143602 (2016).
  21. B. Chen, X. Hou, F. Ge, X. Zhang, Y. Ji, H. Li, P. Qian, Y. Wang, N. Xu, and J. Du, Calibration-free vector magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond integrated with optical vortex beam, Nano Lett. 20, 8267 (2020).
  22. J. F. Barry, J. M. Schloss, E. Bauch, M. J. Turner, C. A. Hart, L. M. Pham, and R. L. Walsworth, Sensitivity optimization for NV-diamond magnetometry, Rev. Mod. Phys. 92, 015004 (2020).
  23. L. Orphal-Kobin, K. Unterguggenberger, T. Pregnolato, N. Kemf, M. Matalla, R.-S. Unger, I. Ostermay, G. Pieplow, and T. Schröder, Optically coherent nitrogen-vacancy defect centers in diamond nanostructures, Phys. Rev. X 13, 011042 (2023).
  24. A. Blais, A. L. Grimsmo, S. M. Girvin, and A. Wallraff, Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 93, 025005 (2021).
  25. J. Clarke and F. K. Wilhelm, Superconducting quantum bits, Nature (London) 453, 1031 (2008).
  26. G. Wendin, Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: A review, Rep. Prog. Phys. 80, 106001 (2017).
  27. D. Marcos, M. Wubs, J. M. Taylor, R. Aguado, M. D. Lukin, and A. S. Sørensen, Coupling nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond to superconducting flux qubits, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 210501 (2010).
  28. Q. Bin, H. Jing, Y. Wu, F. Nori, and X.-Y. Lü, Nonreciprocal bundle emissions of quantum entangled pairs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 043601 (2024).
  29. M. F. Colombano, G. Arregui, F. Bonell, N. E. Capuj, E. Chavez-Angel, A. Pitanti, S. O. Valenzuela, C. M. Sotomayor-Torres, D. Navarro-Urrios, and M. V. Costache, Ferromagnetic resonance assisted optomechanical magnetometer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 147201 (2020).
  30. C. Gonzalez-Ballestero, J. Gieseler, and O. Romero-Isart, Quantum acoustomechanics with a micromagnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 093602 (2020).
  31. C. Gonzalez-Ballestero, D. Hümmer, J. Gieseler, and O. Romero-Isart, Theory of quantum acoustomagnonics and acoustomechanics with a micromagnet, Phys. Rev. B 101, 125404 (2020).
  32. M. Harder, Y. Yang, B. M. Yao, C. H. Yu, J. W. Rao, Y. S. Gui, R. L. Stamps, and C.-M. Hu, Level attraction due to dissipative magnon-photon coupling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 137203 (2018).
  33. X.-L. Hei, P.-B. Li, X.-F. Pan, and F. Nori, Enhanced tripartite interactions in spin-magnon-mechanical hybrid systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 073602 (2023).
  34. A. Kani, B. Sarma, and J. Twamley, Intensive cavity-magnomechanical cooling of a levitated macromagnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 013602 (2022).
  35. A. Kani, F. Quijandría, and J. Twamley, Magnonic Einstein–de Haas effect: Ultrafast rotation of magnonic microspheres, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 257201 (2022).
  36. D. Lachance-Quirion, Y. Tabuchi, A. Gloppe, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Hybrid quantum systems based on magnonics, Appl. Phys. Express 12, 070101 (2019).
  37. J. Li, S.-Y. Zhu, and G. S. Agarwal, Magnon-photon-phonon entanglement in cavity magnomechanics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 203601 (2018).
  38. J. Li, Y.-P. Wang, W.-J. Wu, S.-Y. Zhu, and J. You, Quantum network with magnonic and mechanical nodes, PRX Quantum 2, 040344 (2021).
  39. F. Pirmoradian, B. Zare Rameshti, M. Miri, and S. Saeidian, Topological magnon modes in a chain of magnetic spheres, Phys. Rev. B 98, 224409 (2018).
  40. J. Qian, C. H. Meng, J. W. Rao, Z. J. Rao, Z. An, Y. Gui, and C. M. Hu, Non-Hermitian control between absorption and transparency in perfect zero-reflection magnonics, Nat. Commun. 14, 3437 (2023).
  41. Z. Shen, G.-T. Xu, M. Zhang, Y.-L. Zhang, Y. Wang, C.-Z. Chai, C.-L. Zou, G.-C. Guo, and C.-H. Dong, Coherent coupling between phonons, magnons, and photons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 243601 (2022).
  42. R.-C. Shen, J. Li, Z.-Y. Fan, Y.-P. Wang, and J. Q. You, Mechanical bistability in Kerr-modified cavity magnomechanics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 123601 (2022).
  43. Y. Tabuchi, S. Ishino, T. Ishikawa, R. Yamazaki, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Hybridizing ferromagnetic magnons and microwave photons in the quantum limit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 083603 (2014).
  44. Y. Tabuchi, S. Ishino, A. Noguchi, T. Ishikawa, R. Yamazaki, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Coherent coupling between a ferromagnetic magnon and a superconducting qubit, Science 349, 405 (2015).
  45. Y.-P. Wang, G.-Q. Zhang, D. Zhang, T.-F. Li, C.-M. Hu, and J. Q. You, Bistability of cavity magnon polaritons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 057202 (2018).
  46. Z.-Q. Wang, Y.-P. Wang, J. Yao, R.-C. Shen, W.-J. Wu, J. Qian, J. Li, S.-Y. Zhu, and J. Q. You, Giant spin ensembles in waveguide magnonics, Nat. Commun. 13, 7580 (2022).
  47. S. P. Wolski, D. Lachance-Quirion, Y. Tabuchi, S. Kono, A. Noguchi, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Dissipation-based quantum sensing of magnons with a superconducting qubit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 117701 (2020).
  48. Y. Yang, Y.-P. Wang, J. W. Rao, Y. S. Gui, B. M. Yao, W. Lu, and C.-M. Hu, Unconventional singularity in anti-parity-time symmetric cavity magnonics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 147202 (2020).
  49. Y. Yang, J. Yao, Y. Xiao, P.-T. Fong, H.-K. Lau, and C.-M. Hu, Anomalous long-distance coherence in critically driven cavity magnonics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 206902 (2024).
  50. H. Y. Yuan, P. Yan, S. Zheng, Q. Y. He, K. Xia, and M.-H. Yung, Steady Bell state generation via magnon-photon coupling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 053602 (2020).
  51. T. Yu, Y.-X. Zhang, S. Sharma, X. Zhang, Y. M. Blanter, and G. E. W. Bauer, Magnon accumulation in chirally coupled magnets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 107202 (2020).
  52. X. Zhang, C.-L. Zou, L. Jiang, and H. X. Tang, Strongly coupled magnons and cavity microwave photons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 156401 (2014).
  53. D. Zhang, X.-M. Wang, T.-F. Li, X.-Q. Luo, W. Wu, F. Nori, and J. Q. You, Cavity quantum electrodynamics with ferromagnetic magnons in a small yttrium-iron-garnet sphere, npj Quantum Inf. 1, 15014 (2015).
  54. X. Zhang, C.-L. Zou, L. Jiang, and H. X. Tang, Cavity magnomechanics, Sci. Adv. 2, e1501286 (2016).
  55. V. Bittencourt, I. Liberal, and S. Viola Kusminskiy, Optomagnonics in dispersive media: Magnon-photon coupling enhancement at the epsilon-near-zero frequency, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 183603 (2022).
  56. Ö. O. Soykal and M. E. Flatté, Strong field interactions between a nanomagnet and a photonic cavity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 077202 (2010).
  57. M. Kounalakis, G. E. W. Bauer, and Y. M. Blanter, Analog quantum control of magnonic cat states on a chip by a superconducting qubit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 037205 (2022).
  58. X.-L. Hei, X.-L. Dong, J.-Q. Chen, C.-P. Shen, Y.-F. Qiao, and P.-B. Li, Enhancing spin-photon coupling with a micromagnet, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043706 (2021).
  59. F.-Z. Ji and J.-H. An, Kerr nonlinearity induced strong spin-magnon coupling, Phys. Rev. B 108, L180409 (2023).
  60. T. Neuman, D. S. Wang, and P. Narang, Nanomagnonic cavities for strong spin-magnon coupling and magnon-mediated spin-spin interactions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 247702 (2020).
  61. W. Xiong, M. Tian, G.-Q. Zhang, and J. Q. You, Strong long-range spin-spin coupling via a Kerr magnon interface, Phys. Rev. B 105, 245310 (2022).
  62. N. Nagaosa and Y. Tokura, Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions, Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 899 (2013).
  63. A. Fert, N. Reyren, and V. Cros, Magnetic skyrmions: Advances in physics and potential applications, Nat. Rev. Mater. 2, 17031 (2017).
  64. H. Ochoa and Y. Tserkovnyak, Quantum skyrmionics, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 33, 1930005 (2019).
  65. C. Reichhardt, C. J. O. Reichhardt, and M. V. Milošević, Statics and dynamics of skyrmions interacting with disorder and nanostructures, Rev. Mod. Phys. 94, 035005 (2022).
  66. M. Hirschberger, T. Nakajima, S. Gao, L. Peng, A. Kikkawa, T. Kurumaji, M. Kriener, Y. Yamasaki, H. Sagayama, H. Nakao, K. Ohishi, K. Kakurai, Y. Taguchi, X. Yu, T.-H. Arima, and Y. Tokura, Skyrmion phase and competing magnetic orders on a breathing kagomé lattice, Nat. Commun. 10, 5831 (2019).
  67. N. D. Khanh, T. Nakajima, X. Yu, S. Gao, K. Shibata, M. Hirschberger, Y. Yamasaki, H. Sagayama, H. Nakao, L. Peng, K. Nakajima, R. Takagi, T.-h. Arima, Y. Tokura, and S. Seki, Nanometric square skyrmion lattice in a centrosymmetric tetragonal magnet, Nat. Nanotechnol. 15, 444 (2020).
  68. X. Yu, F. Kagawa, S. Seki, M. Kubota, J. Masell, F. S. Yasin, K. Nakajima, M. Nakamura, M. Kawasaki, N. Nagaosa, and Y. Tokura, Real-space observations of 60-nm skyrmion dynamics in an insulating magnet under low heat flow, Nat. Commun. 12, 5079 (2021).
  69. S. Seki, M. Suzuki, M. Ishibashi, R. Takagi, N. D. Khanh, Y. Shiota, K. Shibata, W. Koshibae, Y. Tokura, and T. Ono, Direct visualization of the three-dimensional shape of skyrmion strings in a noncentrosymmetric magnet, Nat. Mater. 21, 181 (2022).
  70. M. Hirschberger, B. G. Szigeti, M. Hemmida, M. M. Hirschmann, S. Esser, H. Ohsumi, Y. Tanaka, L. Spitz, S. Gao, K. K. Kolincio, H. Sagayama, H. Nakao, Y. Yamasaki, L. Forró, H.-A. Krug von Nidda, I. Kezsmarki, T.-H. Arima, and Y. Tokura, Lattice-commensurate skyrmion texture in a centrosymmetric breathing kagome magnet, npj Quantum Mater. 9, 45 (2024).
  71. N. Romming, A. Kubetzka, C. Hanneken, K. von Bergmann, and R. Wiesendanger, Field-dependent size and shape of single magnetic skyrmions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 177203 (2015).
  72. S. Meyer, M. Perini, S. von Malottki, A. Kubetzka, R. Wiesendanger, K. von Bergmann, and S. Heinze, Isolated zero field sub-10 nm skyrmions in ultrathin Co films, Nat. Commun. 10, 3823 (2019).
  73. D. Cortés-Ortuño, N. Romming, M. Beg, K. von Bergmann, A. Kubetzka, O. Hovorka, H. Fangohr, and R. Wiesendanger, Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions and target states in confined geometries, Phys. Rev. B 99, 214408 (2019).
  74. R. Brüning, A. Kubetzka, K. von Bergmann, E. Y. Vedmedenko, and R. Wiesendanger, Nanoscale skyrmions on a square atomic lattice, Phys. Rev. B 105, L241401 (2022).
  75. Y. Zhou, E. Iacocca, A. A. Awad, R. K. Dumas, F. C. Zhang, H. B. Braun, and J. Åkerman, Dynamically stabilized magnetic skyrmions, Nat. Commun. 6, 8193 (2015).
  76. X. Zhang, Y. Zhou, and M. Ezawa, Magnetic bilayer-skyrmions without skyrmion Hall effect, Nat. Commun. 7, 10293 (2016).
  77. B. Göbel, I. Mertig, and O. A. Tretiakov, Beyond skyrmions: Review and perspectives of alternative magnetic quasiparticles, Phys. Rep. 895, 1 (2021).
  78. C. Schütte and M. Garst, Magnon-skyrmion scattering in chiral magnets, Phys. Rev. B 90, 094423 (2014).
  79. Z. Wang, H. Y. Yuan, Y. Cao, Z.-X. Li, R. A. Duine, and P. Yan, Magnonic frequency comb through nonlinear magnon-skyrmion scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 037202 (2021).
  80. Z. Jin, X. Yao, Z. Wang, H. Y. Yuan, Z. Zeng, W. Wang, Y. Cao, and P. Yan, Nonlinear topological magnon spin Hall effect, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 166704 (2023).
  81. J. Iwasaki, M. Mochizuki, and N. Nagaosa, Universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion motion in chiral magnets, Nat. Commun. 4, 1463 (2013).
  82. B. Zhang, W. Wang, M. Beg, H. Fangohr, and W. Kuch, Microwave-induced dynamic switching of magnetic skyrmion cores in nanodots, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 102401 (2015).
  83. Y. Liu, N. Lei, C. Wang, X. Zhang, W. Kang, D. Zhu, Y. Zhou, X. Liu, Y. Zhang, and W. Zhao, Voltage-driven high-speed skyrmion motion in a skyrmion-shift device, Phys. Rev. Appl. 11, 014004 (2019).
  84. X. Yao, J. Chen, and S. Dong, Controlling the helicity of magnetic skyrmions by electrical field in frustrated magnets, New J. Phys. 22, 083032 (2020).
  85. X.-G. Wang, G.-H. Guo, V. K. Dugaev, J. Barnaś, J. Berakdar, S. S. P. Parkin, A. Ernst, and L. Chotorlishvili, Steering skyrmions with microwave and terahertz electric pulses, Phys. Rev. B 107, 094404 (2023).
  86. S. Okumura, V. P. Kravchuk, and M. Garst, Instability of magnetic skyrmion strings induced by longitudinal spin currents, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 066702 (2023).
  87. H. Ochoa, S. K. Kim, O. Tchernyshyov, and Y. Tserkovnyak, Gyrotropic elastic response of skyrmion crystals to current-induced tensions, Phys. Rev. B 96, 020410 (2017).
  88. J. Hagemeister, N. Romming, K. von Bergmann, E. Y. Vedmedenko, and R. Wiesendanger, Stability of single skyrmionic bits, Nat. Commun. 6, 8455 (2015).
  89. Y. D. Kato, Y. Okamura, M. Hirschberger, Y. Tokura, and Y. Takahashi, Topological magneto-optical effect from skyrmion lattice, Nat. Commun. 14, 5416 (2023).
  90. X. Zhang, Y. Zhou, M. Ezawa, G. P. Zhao, and W. Zhao, Magnetic skyrmion transistor: Skyrmion motion in a voltage-gated nanotrack, Sci. Rep. 5, 11369 (2015).
  91. S. Luo, M. Song, X. Li, Y. Zhang, J. Hong, X. Yang, X. Zou, N. Xu, and L. You, Reconfigurable skyrmion logic gates, Nano Lett. 18, 1180 (2018).
  92. U. K. Rößler, A. N. Bogdanov, and C. Pfleiderer, Spontaneous skyrmion ground states in magnetic metals, Nature (London) 442, 797 (2006).
  93. A. B. Butenko, A. A. Leonov, U. K. Rößler, and A. N. Bogdanov, Stabilization of skyrmion textures by uniaxial distortions in noncentrosymmetric cubic helimagnets, Phys. Rev. B 82, 052403 (2010).
  94. S. Banerjee, J. Rowland, O. Erten, and M. Randeria, Enhanced stability of skyrmions in two-dimensional chiral magnets with Rashba spin-orbit coupling, Phys. Rev. X 4, 031045 (2014).
  95. O. Janson, I. Rousochatzakis, A. A. Tsirlin, M. Belesi, A. A. Leonov, U. K. Rößler, J. van den Brink, and H. Rosner, The quantum nature of skyrmions and half-skyrmions in Cu2OSeO3, Nat. Commun. 5, 5376 (2014).
  96. M. N. Wilson, A. B. Butenko, A. N. Bogdanov, and T. L. Monchesky, Chiral skyrmions in cubic helimagnet films: The role of uniaxial anisotropy, Phys. Rev. B 89, 094411 (2014).
  97. A. O. Leonov and M. Mostovoy, Multiply periodic states and isolated skyrmions in an anisotropic frustrated magnet, Nat. Commun. 6, 8275 (2015).
  98. A. O. Leonov, T. L. Monchesky, N. Romming, A. Kubetzka, A. N. Bogdanov, and R. Wiesendanger, The properties of isolated chiral skyrmions in thin magnetic films, New J. Phys. 18, 065003 (2016).
  99. S.-Z. Lin and S. Hayami, Ginzburg-Landau theory for skyrmions in inversion-symmetric magnets with competing interactions, Phys. Rev. B 93, 064430 (2016).
  100. R. Takashima, H. Ishizuka, and L. Balents, Quantum skyrmions in two-dimensional chiral magnets, Phys. Rev. B 94, 134415 (2016).
  101. X. S. Wang, H. Y. Yuan, and X. R. Wang, A theory on skyrmion size, Commun. Phys. 1, 31 (2018).
  102. V. Lohani, C. Hickey, J. Masell, and A. Rosch, Quantum skyrmions in frustrated ferromagnets, Phys. Rev. X 9, 041063 (2019).
  103. A. P. Petrović, C. Psaroudaki, P. Fischer, M. Garst, and C. Panagopoulos, Colloquium: Quantum properties and functionalities of magnetic skyrmions, Rev. Mod. Phys. 97, 031001 (2025).
  104. C. Psaroudaki and C. Panagopoulos, Skyrmion qubits: A new class of quantum logic elements based on nanoscale magnetization, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 067201 (2021).
  105. J. Xia, X. Zhang, X. Liu, Y. Zhou, and M. Ezawa, Universal quantum computation based on nanoscale skyrmion helicity qubits in frustrated magnets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 106701 (2023).
  106. X.-F. Pan, P.-B. Li, X.-L. Hei, X. Zhang, M. Mochizuki, F.-L. Li, and F. Nori, Magnon-skyrmion hybrid quantum systems: Tailoring interactions via magnons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 193601 (2024).
  107. X.-F. Pan, X.-L. Hei, X.-Y. Yao, J.-Q. Chen, Y.-M. Ren, X.-L. Dong, Y.-F. Qiao, and P.-B. Li, Skyrmion-mechanical hybrid quantum systems: Manipulation of skyrmion qubits via phonons, Phys. Rev. Res. 6, 023067 (2024).
  108. M. Mruczkiewicz, P. Gruszecki, M. Zelent, and M. Krawczyk, Collective dynamical skyrmion excitations in a magnonic crystal, Phys. Rev. B 93, 174429 (2016).
  109. Z. V. Gareeva and K. Y. Guslienko, Collective magnetic skyrmion gyrotropic modes in a dot chain, J. Phys. Commun. 2, 035009 (2018).
  110. X.-J. Liu, H. Wang, and Z.-K. Tang, Correlated gyrotropic modes of multi-skyrmion in elliptical ferromagnetic nanodisks, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 510, 166965 (2020).
  111. X. Liu, Z. Li, Q. Wang, R. Ye, and P. Yan, Correlated gyrotropic motion of skyrmion clusters in ultrathin ferromagnetic nanodisks, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 572, 170649 (2023).
  112. S. Mühlbauer, B. Binz, F. Jonietz, C. Pfleiderer, A. Rosch, A. Neubauer, R. Georgii, and P. Böni, Skyrmion lattice in a chiral magnet, Science 323, 915 (2009).
  113. W. Münzer, A. Neubauer, T. Adams, S. Mühlbauer, C. Franz, F. Jonietz, R. Georgii, P. Böni, B. Pedersen, M. Schmidt, A. Rosch, and C. Pfleiderer, Skyrmion lattice in the doped semiconductor Fe1−xCoxSi, Phys. Rev. B 81, 041203 (2010).
  114. X. Z. Yu, Y. Onose, N. Kanazawa, J. H. Park, J. H. Han, Y. Matsui, N. Nagaosa, and Y. Tokura, Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal, Nature (London) 465, 901 (2010).
  115. S. Heinze, K. von Bergmann, M. Menzel, J. Brede, A. Kubetzka, R. Wiesendanger, G. Bihlmayer, and S. Blügel, Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions, Nat. Phys. 7, 713 (2011).
  116. I. Kézsmárki, S. Bordács, P. Milde, E. Neuber, L. Eng, J. S. White, H. M. Rønnow, C. D. Dewhurst, M. Mochizuki, K. Yanai, H. Nakamura, D. Ehlers, V. Tsurkan, and A. Loidl, Neel-type skyrmion lattice with confined orientation in the polar magnetic semiconductor GaV4S8, Nat. Mater. 14, 1116 (2015).
  117. A. K. Nayak, V. Kumar, T. Ma, P. Werner, E. Pippel, R. Sahoo, F. Damay, U. K. Rößler, C. Felser, and S. S. P. Parkin, Magnetic antiskyrmions above room temperature in tetragonal Heusler materials, Nature (London) 548, 561 (2017).
  118. S. Woo, K. M. Song, X. Zhang, M. Ezawa, Y. Zhou, X. Liu, M. Weigand, S. Finizio, J. Raabe, M.-C. Park, K.-Y. Lee, J. W. Choi, B.-C. Min, H. C. Koo, and J. Chang, Deterministic creation and deletion of a single magnetic skyrmion observed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy, Nat. Electron. 1, 288 (2018).
  119. T. Kurumaji, T. Nakajima, M. Hirschberger, A. Kikkawa, Y. Yamasaki, H. Sagayama, H. Nakao, Y. Taguchi, T.-H. Arima, and Y. Tokura, Skyrmion lattice with a giant topological Hall effect in a frustrated triangular-lattice magnet, Science 365, 914 (2019).
  120. Y. Tokura and N. Kanazawa, Magnetic skyrmion materials, Chem. Rev. 121, 2857 (2021).
  121. V. T. Pham, N. Sisodia, I. D. Manici, J. Urrestarazu-Larrañaga, K. Bairagi, J. Pelloux-Prayer, R. Guedas, L. D. Buda-Prejbeanu, S. Auffret, A. Locatelli, T. O. Menteş, S. Pizzini, P. Kumar, A. Finco, V. Jacques, G. Gaudin, and O. Boulle, Fast current-induced skyrmion motion in synthetic antiferromagnets, Science 384, 307 (2024).
  122. A. Hrabec, J. Sampaio, M. Belmeguenai, I. Gross, R. Weil, S. M. Chérif, A. Stashkevich, V. Jacques, A. Thiaville, and S. Rohart, Current-induced skyrmion generation and dynamics in symmetric bilayers, Nat. Commun. 8, 15765 (2017).
  123. A. Casiraghi, H. Corte-León, M. Vafaee, F. Garcia-Sanchez, G. Durin, M. Pasquale, G. Jakob, M. Kläui, and O. Kazakova, Individual skyrmion manipulation by local magnetic field gradients, Commun. Phys. 2, 145 (2019).
  124. B. Dai, D. Wu, S. A. Razavi, S. Xu, H. He, Q. Shu, M. Jackson, F. Mahfouzi, H. Huang, Q. Pan, Y. Cheng, T. Qu, T. Wang, L. Tai, K. Wong, N. Kioussis, and K. L. Wang, Electric field manipulation of spin chirality and skyrmion dynamic, Sci. Adv. 9, eade6836 (2023).
  125. S. L. Zhang, W. W. Wang, D. M. Burn, H. Peng, H. Berger, A. Bauer, C. Pfleiderer, G. van der Laan, and T. Hesjedal, Manipulation of skyrmion motion by magnetic field gradients, Nat. Commun. 9, 2115 (2018).
  126. S. Woo, K. M. Song, H.-S. Han, M.-S. Jung, M.-Y. Im, K.-S. Lee, K. S. Song, P. Fischer, J.-I. Hong, J. W. Choi, B.-C. Min, H. C. Koo, and J. Chang, Spin-orbit torque-driven skyrmion dynamics revealed by time-resolved X-ray microscopy, Nat. Commun. 8, 15573 (2017).
  127. L. Peng, R. Takagi, W. Koshibae, K. Shibata, K. Nakajima, T.-h. Arima, N. Nagaosa, S. Seki, X. Yu, and Y. Tokura, Controlled transformation of skyrmions and antiskyrmions in a non-centrosymmetric magnet, Nat. Nanotechnol. 15, 181 (2020).
  128. N. Romming, C. Hanneken, M. Menzel, J. E. Bickel, B. Wolter, K. von Bergmann, A. Kubetzka, and R. Wiesendanger, Writing and deleting single magnetic skyrmions, Science 341, 636 (2013).
  129. C. Hanneken, F. Otte, A. Kubetzka, B. Dupé, N. Romming, K. von Bergmann, R. Wiesendanger, and S. Heinze, Electrical detection of magnetic skyrmions by tunnelling non-collinear magnetoresistance, Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 1039 (2015).
  130. P.-J. Hsu, A. Kubetzka, A. Finco, N. Romming, K. von Bergmann, and R. Wiesendanger, Electric-field-driven switching of individual magnetic skyrmions, Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 123 (2017).
  131. M. Perini, S. Meyer, A. Kubetzka, R. Wiesendanger, S. Heinze, and K. von Bergmann, Electrical detection of domain walls and skyrmions in Co films using noncollinear magnetoresistance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 237205 (2019).
  132. P. Rabl, P. Cappellaro, M. V. G. Dutt, L. Jiang, J. R. Maze, and M. D. Lukin, Strong magnetic coupling between an electronic spin qubit and a mechanical resonator, Phys. Rev. B 79, 041302 (2009).
  133. S. D. Bennett, N. Y. Yao, J. Otterbach, P. Zoller, P. Rabl, and M. D. Lukin, Phonon-induced spin-spin interactions in diamond nanostructures: Application to spin squeezing, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 156402 (2013).
  134. P.-B. Li, Y. Zhou, W.-B. Gao, and F. Nori, Enhancing spin-phonon and spin-spin interactions using linear resources in a hybrid quantum system, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 153602 (2020).
  135. X.-F. Pan, X.-L. Hei, X.-L. Dong, J.-Q. Chen, C.-P. Shen, H. Ali, and P.-B. Li, Enhanced spin-mechanical interaction with levitated micromagnets, Phys. Rev. A 107, 023722 (2023).
  136. F. Fung, E. Rosenfeld, J. D. Schaefer, A. Kabcenell, J. Gieseler, T. X. Zhou, T. Madhavan, N. Aslam, A. Yacoby, and M. D. Lukin, Toward programmable quantum processors based on spin qubits with mechanically mediated interactions and transport, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 263602 (2024).
  137. K. R. Patton and U. R. Fischer, Ultrafast quantum random access memory utilizing single Rydberg atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 240504 (2013).
  138. K. R. Patton and U. R. Fischer, Hybrid of superconducting quantum interference device and atomic Bose-Einstein condensate: An architecture for quantum information processing, Phys. Rev. A 87, 052303 (2013).
  139. T. J. Volkoff and U. R. Fischer, Amplification of the quantum superposition macroscopicity of a flux qubit by a magnetized Bose gas, Phys. Rev. A 94, 042320 (2016).
  140. C. Psaroudaki and D. Loss, Skyrmions driven by intrinsic magnons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 237203 (2018).
  141. C. Psaroudaki and D. Loss, Quantum depinning of a magnetic skyrmion, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 097202 (2020).
  142. T. Gilbert, A phenomenological theory of damping in ferromagnetic materials, IEEE Trans. Magn. 40, 3443 (2004).
  143. K. Guslienko and Z. Gareeva, Magnetic skyrmion low frequency dynamics in thin circular dots, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 442, 176 (2017).
  144. A. A. Belavin and A. M. Polyakov, Metastable states of two-dimensional isotropic ferromagnets, JETP Lett. 22, 245 (1975).
  145. I. Makhfudz, B. Krüger, and O. Tchernyshyov, Inertia and chiral edge modes of a skyrmion magnetic bubble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 217201 (2012).
  146. F. Büttner, C. Moutafis, M. Schneider, B. Krüger, C. M. Günther, J. Geilhufe, C. v. K. Schmising, J. Mohanty, B. Pfau, and S. Schaffert, Dynamics and inertia of skyrmionic spinstructures, Nat. Phys. 11, 225 (2015).
  147. M. J. Donahue and D. G. Porter, OOMMF User's Guide (ver. 1.0) [Online], Interagency Report No. NISTIR 6376, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 1999, https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.6376.
  148. M. Beg, M. Lang, and H. Fangohr, Ubermag: Towards more effective micromagnetic workflows, IEEE Trans. Magn. 58, 1 (2022).
  149. X. J. Liu, L. Guo, H. Wang, and Z. K. Tang, The internal dynamic modes of an antiskyrmion in ultrathin ferromagnetic nanodisks, AIP Adv. 10, 075222 (2020).
  150. C. Psaroudaki, S. Hoffman, J. Klinovaja, and D. Loss, Quantum dynamics of skyrmions in chiral magnets, Phys. Rev. X 7, 041045 (2017).
  151. I. Stasinopoulos, S. Weichselbaumer, A. Bauer, J. Waizner, H. Berger, S. Maendl, M. Garst, C. Pfleiderer, and D. Grundler, Low spin wave damping in the insulating chiral magnet Cu2OSeO3, Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 032408 (2017).
  152. S. Khan, O. Lee, T. Dion, C. W. Zollitsch, S. Seki, Y. Tokura, J. D. Breeze, and H. Kurebayashi, Coupling microwave photons to topological spin textures in Cu2OSeO3, Phys. Rev. B 104, L100402 (2021).
  153. L. Liensberger, F. X. Haslbeck, A. Bauer, H. Berger, R. Gross, H. Huebl, C. Pfleiderer, and M. Weiler, Tunable cooperativity in coupled spin-cavity systems, Phys. Rev. B 104, L100415 (2021).
  154. J. H. Han, Skyrmions in Condensed Matter (Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, 2017).
  155. J. Graf, H. Pfeifer, F. Marquardt, and S. Viola Kusminskiy, Cavity optomagnonics with magnetic textures: Coupling a magnetic vortex to light, Phys. Rev. B 98, 241406(R) (2018).
  156. T. Weber, D. M. Fobes, J. Waizner, P. Steffens, G. S. Tucker, M. Böhm, L. Beddrich, C. Franz, H. Gabold, R. Bewley, D. Voneshen, M. Skoulatos, R. Georgii, G. Ehlers, A. Bauer, C. Pfleiderer, P. Böni, M. Janoschek, and M. Garst, Topological magnon band structure of emergent Landau levels in a skyrmion lattice, Science 375, 1025 (2022).
  157. B. W. Shore and P. L. Knight, The Jaynes-Cummings model, J. Mod. Opt. 40, 1195 (1993).
  158. D. Ballester, G. Romero, J. J. García-Ripoll, F. Deppe, and E. Solano, Quantum simulation of the ultrastrong-coupling dynamics in circuit quantum electrodynamics, Phys. Rev. X 2, 021007 (2012).
  159. Y. Zhang, W. Nie, and Y.-X. Liu, Edge-state oscillations in a one-dimensional topological chain with dissipative couplings, Phys. Rev. Appl. 18, 024038 (2022).
  160. B. Paikaray, A. Joseph, C. Murapaka, and A. Haldar, Tunable microwave properties of a skyrmion in an isolated nanodisk, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 529, 167900 (2021).
  161. B. Satywali, V. P. Kravchuk, L. Pan, M. Raju, S. He, F. Ma, A. P. Petrović, M. Garst, and C. Panagopoulos, Microwave resonances of magnetic skyrmions in thin film multilayers, Nat. Commun. 12, 1909 (2021).
  162. H. Du, R. Che, L. Kong, X. Zhao, C. Jin, C. Wang, J. Yang, W. Ning, R. Li, C. Jin, X. Chen, J. Zang, Y. Zhang, and M. Tian, Edge-mediated skyrmion chain and its collective dynamics in a confined geometry, Nat. Commun. 6, 8504 (2015).
  163. L. Sun, R. X. Cao, B. F. Miao, Z. Feng, B. You, D. Wu, W. Zhang, A. Hu, and H. F. Ding, Creating an artificial two-dimensional skyrmion crystal by nanopatterning, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 167201 (2013).
  164. D. A. Gilbert, B. B. Maranville, A. L. Balk, B. J. Kirby, P. Fischer, D. T. Pierce, J. Unguris, J. A. Borchers, and K. Liu, Realization of ground-state artificial skyrmion lattices at room temperature, Nat. Commun. 6, 8462 (2015).
  165. T. Rosskopf, A. Dussaux, K. Ohashi, M. Loretz, R. Schirhagl, H. Watanabe, S. Shikata, K. M. Itoh, and C. L. Degen, Investigation of surface magnetic noise by shallow spins in diamond, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 147602 (2014).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Research 7, 043175– Published 18 November, 2025
  • Received 20 August 2024
  • Accepted 14 October 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation