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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Fluctuation dissipation relations for active field theories

Martin Kjøllesdal Johnsrud1 and Ramin Golestanian1,2,*

  • *Contact author: ramin.golestanian@ds.mpg.de
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Phys. Rev. Research 7, L032053 – Published 9 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xx4z-lj5c

Abstract

Breakdown of time-reversal symmetry is a defining property of nonequilibrium systems, such as active matter, which is composed of units that consume energy. We employ a formalism that allows us to derive a class of identities associated with the time-reversal transformation in nonequilibrium field theories, in the spirit of Ward-Takahashi identities. We present a generalization of the fluctuation dissipation theorem valid for active systems as a particular realization of such an identity, and consider its implications and applications for a range of active field theories. The field theoretical toolbox developed here helps to quantify the degree of nonequilibrium activity of complex systems exhibiting collective behavior.

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See Also

Fluctuation dissipation relations for the nonreciprocal Cahn-Hilliard model

Martin Kjøllesdal Johnsrud and Ramin Golestanian
Phys. Rev. Research 7, L032054 (2025)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. Research 7, L032053– Published 9 September, 2025
  • Received 23 September 2024
  • Accepted 22 August 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by Max Planck Society.

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