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  • Open Access

Quantum advantage bounds for a multipartite Gaussian battery

F. Cavaliere1,2, D. Ferraro1,2,*, M. Carrega2, G. Benenti3,4, and M. Sassetti1,2

  • *Contact author: dario.ferraro@unige.it
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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 033045 – Published 13 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/r8v1-5xwf

Abstract

We demonstrate the possibility of a genuine quantum advantage in the efficiency of quantum batteries by analyzing a model that enables a consistent comparison between quantum and classical regimes. Our system consists of N harmonic oscillator cells coupled to a common thermal reservoir, evolving through Gaussian states. We define the global efficiency as the ratio of extractable work (ergotropy) to stored energy, and derive analytical bounds that distinguish, in order of increasing efficiency, regimes characterized by classical squeezing, quantum squeezing without entanglement, and genuine entanglement. Moreover, numerical simulations support the emergence of a similar hierarchy for the thermodynamic efficiency, defined as the ratio between ergotropy and the total thermodynamic cost of the charging process.

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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 033045– Published 13 July, 2026
  • Received 28 October 2025
  • Accepted 19 May 2026
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