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Quantum non-Gaussian high Fock states of light pulses and their superpositions

G. P. Teja1,*, Chandan Kumar2,3, Lukáš Lachman1,4, and Radim Filip1,†

  • *Contact author: teja4477@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: filip@optics.upol.cz
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Phys. Rev. Research 7, 033272 – Published 23 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qyfz-zw2x

Abstract

The generation of high Fock states of light pulses and their superpositions with provable quantum non-Gaussian features is still very challenging, although the power of conditional methods to herald the approximate state from the available Gaussian states is growing. The atom-light interaction in the high-Q cavity has been considered a viable alternative to the heralded Fock states of the light pulses from nonlinear optics limited to three-photon Fock states for the last decade. Here, by optimizing the realistic protocol combining it with available optical delay elements, we conclusively predict filtering of Fock states up to ten photons with a high success rate of 20% using a hierarchy of quantum non-Gaussian criteria. Moreover, the filtering protocol enables the preparation of superposition of Fock states, and we analyze this emerging case up to two photons with provable quantum non-Gaussian coherence and high success rate of 50%. To demonstrate their quality for applications, we evaluate the robustness of such features, the bunching capability in a linear network, and the sensing capability to estimate the magnitude of unknown force, noise, and phase. These assessments outline the essential conditions and application criteria for realistic optical cavity QED interaction on light pulses to outperform photon detection methods.

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Phys. Rev. Research 7, 033272– Published 23 September, 2025
  • Received 13 December 2024
  • Accepted 4 September 2025
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