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Stroboscopic saturation of multiparameter quantum limits in distributed quantum sensing

Berihu Teklu1,2,* and Victor Montenegro1,3,4,†

  • *Contact author: berihu.gebrehiwot@ku.ac.ae
  • †Contact author: victor.montenegro@ku.ac.ae
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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 033053 – Published 13 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/l3rh-3b4x

Abstract

A naturally multiparameter sensing scenario arises in spatially distributed networks of quantum sensors, where each node probes a distinct parameter of interest. In such settings, the central challenges are to achieve quantum-enhanced sensitivity under well-defined resource constraints and to explicitly identify measurement strategies that attain the ultimate precision limits. Here, we analytically demonstrate quantum-enhanced sensitivity for a broad class of distributed quantum probes designed to simultaneously estimate a complete set of unknown reference-relative phase differences encoded locally. Although such locally encoded parameters can, in principle, be optimally estimated using separable strategies, our distributed protocol offers distinct advantages. In particular, for fixed network size and identical bare probe Hamiltonians, it is energetically more efficient and exhibits stroboscopic disentanglement at specific evolution times, enabling the accumulated pairwise information to be coherently mapped onto a specific subsystem. Consequently, all set of pairwise reference-relative phase differences can be accessed through a single collective measurement without requiring independent local estimation. We further construct the corresponding optimal measurement strategies and show that, within this class of probes, the ultimate multiparameter precision limits—the Holevo and quantum Cramér-Rao bounds—are saturable. We illustrate the framework with two concrete applications: simultaneous gravimetry across spatially separated locations and estimation of distributed coupling strengths. Feasibility analyses indicate that the proposed distributed quantum-enhanced sensing protocols operate within experimentally accessible regimes.

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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 033053– Published 13 July, 2026
  • Received 24 October 2025
  • Revised 25 February 2026
  • Accepted 22 June 2026
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