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Multitarget Rydberg gates via spatial blockade engineering

Samuel Stein1,*, Chenxu Liu1, Shuwen Kan1,2, Eleanor Crane3, Yufei Ding4, Ying Mao2, Alexander Schuckert5, and Ang Li1,6

  • *Contact author: samuel.stein@pnnl.gov

Phys. Rev. Research 8, 013254 – Published 6 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/k72m-9tn8

Abstract

Multitarget gates offer the potential to reduce gate depth in syndrome extraction for quantum error correction. Although neutral-atom quantum computers have demonstrated native multiqubit gates, existing approaches that avoid additional control or multiple atomic species have been limited to single-target gates. We propose single-control multitarget C(Z⊗N) gates on a single-species neutral-atom platform that requires no extra control and has gate durations comparable to standard CZ gates. Our approach leverages tailored interatomic distances to create an asymmetric blockade between the control and target atoms. Using a graphics processing unit-accelerated pulse synthesis protocol, we design smooth control pulses for CZZ and CZZZ gates, achieving fidelities of up to 99.55% and 99.24%, respectively, even in the presence of simulated atom-placement errors and Rydberg-state decay. Our approach is most effective for N=2 (CZZ) and N=3 targets (CZZZ); for larger N, increasing spatial crowding of the targets introduces significant challenges for maintaining the required blockade asymmetry. This work presents a practical path to implementing low-overhead multitarget gates in single-species neutral-atom systems, significantly reducing the resource overhead for syndrome extraction. To motivate the impact of these gates, we apply a greedy scheduling algorithm and we demonstrate that our proposed gates can reduce the number of atom reconfiguration costs by up to 50% for color code syndrome extraction of code distances greater than 5.

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