Letter
Open Access

Upper limit on the chiral magnetic effect in isobar collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider

M. I. Abdulhamid⁴, B. E. Aboona⁵⁶, J. Adam¹⁶, J. R. Adams⁴¹, G. Agakishiev³¹, I. Aggarwal⁴², M. M. Aggarwal⁴², Z. Ahammed⁶², A. Aitbaev³¹ et al. (STAR Collaboration)

A. Aitbaev³¹, I. Alekseev^2,38, E. Alpatov³⁸, A. Aparin³¹, S. Aslam²⁷, J. Atchison¹, G. S. Averichev³¹, V. Bairathi⁵⁴, J. G. Ball Cap²³, K. Barish¹¹, P. Bhagat³⁰, A. Bhasin³⁰, S. Bhatta⁵³, S. R. Bhosale¹⁸, I. G. Bordyuzhin², J. D. Brandenburg⁴¹, A. V. Brandin³⁸, C. Broodo²³, X. Z. Cai⁵¹, H. Caines⁶⁵, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez⁹, D. Cebra⁹, J. Ceska¹⁶, I. Chakaberia³⁴, B. K. Chan¹⁰, Z. Chang²⁸, A. Chatterjee¹⁷, D. Chen¹¹, J. Chen⁵⁰, J. H. Chen²⁰, Z. Chen⁵⁰, J. Cheng⁵⁸, Y. Cheng¹⁰, S. Choudhury²⁰, W. Christie⁶, X. Chu⁶, H. J. Crawford⁸, G. Dale-Gau¹³, A. Das¹⁶, T. G. Dedovich³¹, I. M. Deppner²², A. A. Derevschikov⁴³, A. Dhamija⁴², P. Dixit²⁵, X. Dong³⁴, J. L. Drachenberg¹, E. Duckworth³², J. C. Dunlop⁶, J. Engelage⁸, G. Eppley⁴⁵, S. Esumi⁵⁹, O. Evdokimov¹³, O. Eyser⁶, R. Fatemi³³, S. Fazio⁷, C. J. Feng⁴⁰, Y. Feng⁴⁴, E. Finch⁵², Y. Fisyak⁶, F. A. Flor⁶⁵, C. Fu²⁹, T. Gao⁵⁰, F. Geurts⁴⁵, N. Ghimire⁵⁵, A. Gibson⁶¹, K. Gopal²⁶, X. Gou⁵⁰, D. Grosnick⁶¹, A. Gupta³⁰, A. Hamed⁴, Y. Han⁴⁵, M. D. Harasty⁹, J. W. Harris⁶⁵, H. Harrison-Smith³³, W. He²⁰, X. H. He²⁹, Y. He⁵⁰, C. Hu⁶⁰, Q. Hu²⁹, Y. Hu³⁴, H. Huang⁴⁰, H. Z. Huang¹⁰, S. L. Huang⁵³, T. Huang¹³, X. Huang⁵⁸, Y. Huang⁵⁸, Y. Huang¹², T. J. Humanic⁴¹, M. Isshiki⁵⁹, W. W. Jacobs²⁸, A. Jalotra³⁰, C. Jena²⁶, Y. Ji³⁴, J. Jia^6,53, C. Jin⁴⁵, X. Ju⁴⁷, E. G. Judd⁸, S. Kabana⁵⁴, D. Kalinkin³³, K. Kang⁵⁸, D. Kapukchyan¹¹, K. Kauder⁶, D. Keane³², A. Kechechyan³¹, A. Khanal⁶³, A. Kiselev⁶, A. G. Knospe³⁵, H. S. Ko³⁴, L. Kochenda³⁸, A. A. Korobitsin³¹, A. Yu. Kraeva³⁸, P. Kravtsov³⁸, L. Kumar⁴², M. C. Labonte⁹, R. Lacey⁵³, J. M. Landgraf⁶, A. Lebedev⁶, R. Lednicky³¹, J. H. Lee⁶, Y. H. Leung²², N. Lewis⁶, C. Li⁵⁰, D. Li⁴⁷, H-S. Li⁴⁴, H. Li⁶⁴, W. Li⁴⁵, X. Li⁴⁷, Y. Li⁴⁷, Y. Li⁵⁸, Z. Li⁴⁷, X. Liang¹¹, Y. Liang³², T. Lin⁵⁰, Y. Lin²¹, C. Liu²⁹, G. Liu⁴⁸, H. Liu¹², L. Liu¹², T. Liu⁶⁵, X. Liu⁴¹, Y. Liu⁵⁶, Z. Liu¹², T. Ljubicic⁴⁵, O. Lomicky¹⁶, R. S. Longacre⁶, E. M. Loyd¹¹, T. Lu²⁹, J. Luo⁴⁷, X. F. Luo¹², V. B. Luong³¹, L. Ma²⁰, R. Ma⁶, Y. G. Ma²⁰, N. Magdy⁵³, R. Manikandhan²³, S. Margetis³², H. S. Matis³⁴, G. McNamara⁶³, O. Mezhanska¹⁶, K. Mi¹², N. G. Minaev⁴³, B. Mohanty³⁹, M. M. Mondal³⁹, I. Mooney⁶⁵, D. A. Morozov⁴³, A. Mudrokh³¹, M. I. Nagy¹⁸, A. S. Nain⁴², J. D. Nam⁵⁵, M. Nasim²⁵, E. Nedorezov³¹, D. Neff¹⁰, J. M. Nelson⁸, D. B. Nemes⁶⁵, M. Nie⁵⁰, G. Nigmatkulov¹³, T. Niida⁵⁹, L. V. Nogach⁴³, T. Nonaka⁵⁹, G. Odyniec³⁴, A. Ogawa⁶, S. Oh⁴⁹, V. A. Okorokov³⁸, K. Okubo⁵⁹, B. S. Page⁶, R. Pak⁶, S. Pal¹⁶, A. Pandav³⁴, A. K. Pandey²⁹, Y. Panebratsev³¹, T. Pani⁴⁶, P. Parfenov³⁸, A. Paul¹¹, C. Perkins⁸, B. R. Pokhrel⁵⁵, M. Posik⁵⁵, A. Povarov³⁸, T. Protzman³⁵, N. K. Pruthi⁴², J. Putschke⁶³, Z. Qin⁵⁸, H. Qiu²⁹, C. Racz¹¹, S. K. Radhakrishnan³², A. Rana⁴², R. L. Ray⁵⁷, H. G. Ritter³⁴, C. W. Robertson⁴⁴, O. V. Rogachevsky³¹, M. A. Rosales Aguilar³³, D. Roy⁴⁶, L. Ruan⁶, A. K. Sahoo²⁵, N. R. Sahoo²⁶, H. Sako⁵⁹, S. Salur⁴⁶, E. Samigullin², S. Sato⁵⁹, B. C. Schaefer³⁵, W. B. Schmidke^6,*, N. Schmitz³⁶, J. Seger¹⁵, R. Seto¹¹, P. Seyboth³⁶, N. Shah²⁷, E. Shahaliev³¹, P. V. Shanmuganathan⁶, T. Shao²⁰, M. Sharma³⁰, N. Sharma²⁵, R. Sharma²⁶, S. R. Sharma²⁶, A. I. Sheikh³², D. Shen⁵⁰, D. Y. Shen²⁰, K. Shen⁴⁷, S. S. Shi¹², Y. Shi⁵⁰, Q. Y. Shou²⁰, F. Si⁴⁷, J. Singh⁴², S. Singha²⁹, P. Sinha²⁶, M. J. Skoby^5,44, Y. Söhngen²², Y. Song⁶⁵, B. Srivastava⁴⁴, T. D. S. Stanislaus⁶¹, D. J. Stewart⁶³, M. Strikhanov³⁸, B. Stringfellow⁴⁴, Y. Su⁴⁷, C. Sun⁵³, X. Sun²⁹, Y. Sun⁴⁷, Y. Sun²⁴, B. Surrow⁵⁵, D. N. Svirida², Z. W. Sweger⁹, A. C. Tamis⁶⁵, A. H. Tang⁶, Z. Tang⁴⁷, A. Taranenko³⁸, T. Tarnowsky³⁷, J. H. Thomas³⁴, D. Tlusty¹⁵, T. Todoroki⁵⁹, M. V. Tokarev³¹, S. Trentalange¹⁰, P. Tribedy⁶, O. D. Tsai^10,6, C. Y. Tsang^32,6, Z. Tu⁶, J. Tyler⁵⁶, T. Ullrich⁶, D. G. Underwood^3,61, I. Upsal⁴⁷, G. Van Buren⁶, A. N. Vasiliev^43,38, V. Verkest⁶³, F. Videbæk⁶, S. Vokal³¹, S. A. Voloshin⁶³, F. Wang⁴⁴, G. Wang¹⁰, J. S. Wang²⁴, J. Wang⁵⁰, K. Wang⁴⁷, X. Wang⁵⁰, Y. Wang⁴⁷, Y. Wang¹², Y. Wang⁵⁸, Z. Wang⁵⁰, J. C. Webb⁶, P. C. Weidenkaff²², G. D. Westfall³⁷, H. Wieman³⁴, G. Wilks¹³, S. W. Wissink²⁸, J. Wu¹², J. Wu²⁹, X. Wu¹⁰, Wu X.⁴⁷, B. Xi²⁰, Z. G. Xiao⁵⁸, G. Xie⁶⁰, W. Xie⁴⁴, H. Xu²⁴, N. Xu³⁴, Q. H. Xu⁵⁰, Y. Xu⁵⁰, Y. Xu¹², Z. Xu³², Z. Xu¹⁰, G. Yan⁵⁰, Z. Yan⁵³, C. Yang⁵⁰, Q. Yang⁵⁰, S. Yang⁴⁸, Y. Yang⁴⁰, Z. Ye⁴⁵, Z. Ye³⁴, L. Yi⁵⁰, K. Yip⁶, Y. Yu⁵⁰, W. Zha⁴⁷, C. Zhang²⁰, D. Zhang⁴⁸, J. Zhang⁵⁰, S. Zhang¹⁴, W. Zhang⁴⁸, X. Zhang²⁹, Y. Zhang²⁹, Y. Zhang⁴⁷, Y. Zhang⁵⁰, Y. Zhang¹², Z. J. Zhang⁴⁰, Z. Zhang⁶, Z. Zhang¹³, F. Zhao²⁹, J. Zhao²⁰, M. Zhao⁶, J. Zhou⁴⁷, S. Zhou¹², Y. Zhou¹², X. Zhu⁵⁸, M. Zurek^3,6, and M. Zyzak¹⁹ (STAR Collaboration)

¹Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
²Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 117218
³Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
⁴American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
⁵Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306
⁶Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
⁷University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy
⁸University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
⁹University of California, Davis, California 95616
¹⁰University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
¹¹University of California, Riverside, California 92521
¹²Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
¹³University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
¹⁴Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331
¹⁵Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
¹⁶Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
¹⁷National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur - 713209, India
¹⁸ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
¹⁹Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
²⁰Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
²¹Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004
²²University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
²³University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
²⁴Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
²⁵Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
²⁶Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
²⁷Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
²⁸Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
²⁹Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
³⁰University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
³¹Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
³²Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
³³University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
³⁴Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
³⁵Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
³⁶Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
³⁷Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
³⁸National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
³⁹National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
⁴⁰National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
⁴¹The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
⁴²Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
⁴³NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
⁴⁴Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
⁴⁵Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
⁴⁶Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
⁴⁷University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
⁴⁸South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
⁴⁹Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
⁵⁰Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
⁵¹Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
⁵²Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
⁵³State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
⁵⁴Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
⁵⁵Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
⁵⁶Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
⁵⁷University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
⁵⁸Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
⁵⁹University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
⁶⁰University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408
⁶¹Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
⁶²Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
⁶³Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
⁶⁴Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065
⁶⁵Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520

^*Deceased.

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Phys. Rev. Research 6, L032005 – Published 9 July, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L032005

Abstract

The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a phenomenon that arises from the QCD anomaly in the presence of an external magnetic field. The experimental search for its evidence has been one of the key goals of the physics program of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. The STAR Collaboration has previously presented the results of a blind analysis of isobar collisions ( ${}_{44}^{96}{Ru} + {}_{44}^{96}{Ru}, {}_{40}^{96}{Zr} + {}_{40}^{96}{Zr}$ ) in the search for the CME. The isobar ratio ( $Y$ ) of CME-sensitive observable, charge separation scaled by elliptic anisotropy, is close to but systematically larger than the inverse multiplicity ratio, the naive background baseline. This indicates the potential existence of a CME signal and the presence of remaining nonflow background due to two- and three-particle correlations, which are different between the isobars. In this postblind analysis, we estimate the contributions from those nonflow correlations as a background baseline to $Y$ , utilizing the isobar data as well as Heavy Ion Jet Interaction Generator simulations. This baseline is found consistent with the isobar ratio measurement, and an upper limit of 10% at 95% confidence level is extracted for the CME fraction in the charge separation measurement in isobar collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV.

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Phys. Rev. Research 6, L032005– Published 9 July, 2024

Vol. 6, Iss. 3 — July - September 2024

Received 24 October 2023
Accepted 27 May 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L032005

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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Upper limit on the chiral magnetic effect in isobar collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

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Estimate of background baseline and upper limit on the chiral magnetic effect in isobar collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200$ GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

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Upper limit on the chiral magnetic effect in isobar collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

See Also

Estimate of background baseline and upper limit on the chiral magnetic effect in isobar collisions at sNN=200 GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Article Text

References (42)

Estimate of background baseline and upper limit on the chiral magnetic effect in isobar collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200$ GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider