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Eccentric binary black holes: A new framework for numerical relativity waveform surrogates

Peter James Nee1,*, Adhrit Ravichandran2, Scott E. Field2, Tousif Islam3, Harald P. Pfeiffer1, Vijay Varma2, Michael Boyle4, Andrea Ceja5, Noora Ghadiri5,6 et al.

Lawrence E. Kidder4, Prayush Kumar7, Akash Maurya7, Marlo Morales5, Antoni Ramos-Buades8, Abhishek Ravishankar2, Katie Rink9, Hannes R. Rüter10, Mark A. Scheel11, Md Arif Shaikh12, and Daniel Tellez5

  • *Contact author: peter.nee@aei.mpg.de
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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 023362 – Published 30 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5m8n-r746

Abstract

Mounting evidence indicates that some of the gravitational wave signals observed by ground-based observatories might arise from eccentric compact object binaries, increasing the urgency for accurate waveform models for such systems. While for noneccentric binaries, surrogate models are efficient and accurate, the additional features due to eccentricity have posed a challenge. In this work, we present a method for decomposing eccentric numerical relativity waveforms, making them amenable to surrogate modeling techniques. We parametrize the inspiral in the radial-phase domain, factoring out eccentricity-induced dephasing and thus enhancing compressibility and accuracy. This is combined with a second surrogate for the merger ringdown in the time domain and a technique to take advantage of the approximate periodicity with radial oscillations during the inspiral. We apply this procedure to the (2, 2) mode for nonspinning black hole binaries and demonstrate that the resulting surrogate, NRSurE_q4NoSpin_22, is able to faithfully reproduce the underlying numerical relativity waveforms, with maximum mismatches of 6×10−4 and median mismatches of 4×10−5. This technique paves the way for high-accuracy parameter estimation with eccentric models, a key ingredient for astrophysical inference and tests of general relativity.

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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 023362– Published 30 June, 2026
  • Received 14 October 2025
  • Accepted 12 May 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by Max Planck Society.

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