Quantum sensing of meV-scale scattering and absorption of impinging particles with electrons in solid state detectors is a challenging technological advancement with the potential to enable breakthroughs in quantum information applications and studies of fundamental physics. However, a key obstacle for current sensing schemes is the difficulty in distinguishing the signals from particles of interest from false positive signals produced by intrinsic excitations, like phonons or magnons. Here, we propose a technique to selectively detect impinging particles based both on their imparted energy and also their imparted momentum to exploit the variability of dispersion relations amongst sources of meV-scale electronic excitations. By harnessing interfacial orbital hybridization in van der Waals heterostructures of Dirac materials, interlayer charge transfer may be promoted only for pre-selected impinging particles of interest. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations of heterostructures of the layered Dirac materials ${\mathrm{ZrTe}}_5$ and ${\mathrm{HfTe}}_5$, we examine the effects of strain and layer number for successfully tuning orbital hybridization in their electronic structure. We demonstrate a proof-or-principle feasibility study for using Dirac materials to construct “dispersion filters” to be leveraged for next-generation meV-scale quantum sensors.

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• Charge dynamics
• Electronic structure
• Topological materials
• First-principles calculations