We obtain a form of the local thermodynamic equilibrium density operator, which is invariant under pseudogauge transformations of the stress-energy and the spin tensors. This operator is an excellent candidate to describe the dynamics of a system that is assumed to achieve local equilibrium from a pseudogauge-invariant quantum state, a situation that is believed to occur, for instance, in nuclear collisions at very high energy. As a consequence of pseudogauge invariance, the ambiguity affecting the predictions of mean values of observables from a local equilibrium state can be removed.

The discovery of fractional quantum anomalous Hall states in moiré systems has raised the possibility of realizing phases of itinerant anyons, whose mobility requires the absence of continuous magnetic translation symmetry (CMTS). Motivated by this, we consider anyons on the sphere in the presence of a nonuniform magnetic field that breaks the SU(2) rotation symmetry, the analog of CMTS on the sphere, down to a U(1). This allows us to study the energy dispersion of the anyons as a function of the angular momentum $L_z$, while maintaining the perfect flatness of the single-particle dispersion. We parametrize the nonuniform field by a real parameter $R$ that concentrates the field at the north (south) pole for $R>1$ ($R<1$). For this choice of field, any $p$-body correlation function evaluated in the space of Laughlin quasiholes maps exactly onto the corresponding $p$-body correlation function in uniform field. In the thermodynamic limit, this exact mapping lets us analytically compute the interaction-generated, spatially varying potential felt by the anyons. Remarkably, this static potential alone is sufficient to generate anyon dispersion: because each anyon experiences an emergent background magnetic field, the two components of its position do not commute, so the potential is converted into a finite dispersion, which we compute exactly up to an overall scaling constant. The resulting anyon dispersion describes the azimuthal motion around the sphere at constant height, the analog of spin precession. Our Letter thus provides an exactly solvable realization of a general mechanism for interaction-induced anyon dispersion—a symmetry-breaking potential converted into kinetic energy by the anyon’s many-body Berry phase—with no single-particle dispersion or hopping of any kind.

Magnonic systems, which exploit spin-wave excitations in magnetic materials, offer a promising platform for coherent information processing due to their low dissipation, strong nonlinearities, and intrinsic nonreciprocity. However, scaling magnonic circuits remains challenging, particularly with low-loss insulators such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG), which are difficult to pattern. Here, we experimentally realize a synthetic dimension in a magnonic system by coupling multimode magnon resonances in the frequency domain using time-periodic Floquet modulation. This approach enables electronically tunable interactions between discrete modes within a single YIG device, forming a reconfigurable mode-space lattice that supports functionalities such as Bloch oscillation. Our results demonstrate that high-dimensional magnonic dynamics can be achieved without increasing device footprint, establishing synthetic dimensions as a scalable and programmable route for integrated magnonic technologies. This advancement positions magnonic systems as promising platforms for engineering emergent phenomena that are inaccessible at equilibrium.

A non-Hermitian point gap (NHPG) is a unique phenomenon in non-Hermitian systems and induces a non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). In photonic crystals, NHPG and NHSE have previously been explored mainly through material loss, where the typically low $Q$ factors make direct observation of complex frequencies challenging. Here, we demonstrate the direct experimental observation of an NHPG by using a radiation-loss-based non-Hermitian photonic crystal. Radiation loss can be engineered through structural design, enabling control of the imaginary part of the complex frequency and allowing relatively high $Q$ factors. This approach is compatible with widely used absorption-free silicon-slab photonic crystals. We developed a measurement system that can measure photonic bands along arbitrary lines in $k$ space. Our measurements showed complex-frequency loops of the NHPG in photonic crystals, and the reversal of non-Hermitian topology through the flip of the loop rotation in a complex plane. These results establish radiation-loss engineering as a practical route to directly measuring and controlling complex photonic band structures and bulk point-gap topology in nanophotonic systems without gain media or nonreciprocity.

Integrating semiconducting and magnetic materials could combine transistorlike operation with nonvolatility and enable architectures such as logic in memory. Here, we employ correlated electrical transport and scanning nitrogen-vacancy center magnetic imaging to elucidate a spin transistor concept that amalgamates vertical and lateral hopping transport inside a 2D antiferromagnetic semiconductor, mechanistically distinct from vertical tunneling devices. Our device, based on a monolayer-bilayer junction in CrSBr, displays giant, gate-tunable magnetoresistance driven by the dual action of electrostatic doping on space-charge-limited lateral conduction and interlayer exchange coupling. Moreover, we visualize a field-trainable, layer-sharing effect that selects between coherent or domain-wall reversal at the spin-flip transition, enabling multilevel, memristive conductance states. Our layer-dependent space charge mechanism for convergent electrical and magnetic control opens opportunities to address limitations in contemporary computing.

Supersolidity and magnetism are fundamental phenomena characterizing strongly correlated matter. Here we unveil a mechanism that directly connects these two regimes and can be experimentally accessed in ultracold atomic systems. Specifically, we exploit the distinctive properties of magnetic lanthanide atoms trapped in a one-dimensional antimagic wavelength optical lattice. This platform enables a realistic implementation of a triangular Bose-Hubbard ladder featuring two key ingredients: strong long-range interactions and tunable gauge fields. Owing to these properties, our numerical analysis reveals a robust lattice supersolid regime with finite fluxes in each triangular plaquette. Remarkably, we show that the density modulation of the supersolid phase and a finite gauge field induce magnetic ordering of the fluxes, forming ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic patterns. Our results thus reveal a quantum effect that bridges supersolidity and magnetism.

We introduce a novel and reliable approach too generate high-energy photon pulse bursts in both the attosecond and zeptosecond regimes ($1\text{as}={10}^{-18}\text{s};1\text{zs}={10}^{-21}\text{s}$), high-energy photon pulse bursts by synergistically exploiting the inherent characteristics of free-electron lasers (FELs) and laser-Compton scattering. Comprehensive numerical simulations confirm the feasibility of the approach. In our Letter, a 4 GeV electron beam, undergoing the FEL process, emits radiation at 0.7 nm and develops a microbunched structure. These microbunches subsequently interact with a 2 ps laser pulse in a head-on Compton scattering configuration. These results demonstrate that under conditions of well-established electron beam microbunching, the proposed method successfully yields high-brightness $\gamma$-photon pulse bursts with durations of approximately 850 zeptoseconds and exhibiting exceptional signal-to-noise ratios, consistent with theoretical expectations. This technique not only paves the way for probing ultrafast nuclear dynamics but also provides unprecedented tools for quantum science research, enabling explorations of phenomena such as the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects.

Colloidal transport and filtration in porous media are commonly described by single-collector models that assume an underlying homogeneous structure. We use microfluidic experiments, particle tracking, and simulations to observe pore-scale and macroscopic filtration. We show that colloidal trajectories in heterogeneous porous structures are inherently intermittent and composed of flights far from grains and dives near their surfaces, where attachment can occur. We propose a stochastic continuous-time random walk model to link this intermittent behavior to macroscopic deposition profiles and breakthrough curves.

We investigate analytically and numerically the interaction of strong electromagnetic waves with unmagnetized pair plasmas. We show that the interaction is governed by a single nonlinearity parameter, ${ϵ}_{\mathrm{p}}$, defined as the ratio of the wave strength parameter to the wave frequency in units of the plasma frequency (with both frequencies measured in the plasma rest frame prior to the interaction). When ${ϵ}_{\mathrm{p}}<1$, the number of wavelengths that propagate through the plasma without attenuation from induced Compton scattering is approximately ${ϵ}_{\mathrm{p}}^{-2/3}$. This attenuation can imprint substructures as narrow as a few wavelengths on the pulse profile. When ${ϵ}_{\mathrm{p}}>1$, the electromagnetic pulse acts as a relativistic piston and drives a shock into the plasma. Our results establish a framework for the interaction of strong electromagnetic waves with pair plasmas, a process relevant for intense radio pulses from neutron stars and for next-generation pair plasma experiments at multipetawatt laser facilities.

We investigate how doping-induced small polarons impact the low-temperature multipolar orders of the $5d^2$ double perovskite ${\mathrm{Ba}}_2{\mathrm{CaOsO}}_6$. By computing intersite exchange interactions between $5d^1$ localized hole polarons and $5d^2$ magnetic ions from first principles, we demonstrate the reversal of the dominant octupolar exchange from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic. Solving the corresponding effective Hamiltonian, we find this reversal to account for the progressive suppression of the ferro-octupolar order and the reduction of the ordering temperature upon Na doping. These findings clarify previously ambiguous experimental observations and demonstrate that charge doping in the form of small polarons offers a viable route to tuning intersite exchange interactions in spin-orbit-entangled materials, enabling the emergence of novel quantum orders.

Altermagnetism, a novel magnetic phase characterized by symmetry-protected, momentum-dependent spin splitting and collinear compensated magnetic moments, has thus far been explored primarily in periodic crystals. In this Letter, we extend the concept of altermagnetism to quasicrystals—aperiodic systems with long-range order and noncrystallographic rotational symmetries. Using a hyperspatial projection framework, we construct decorated Ammann-Beenker and Penrose quasicrystalline lattices with inequivalent sublattices and investigate a Hubbard model with anisotropic hopping. We demonstrate that interaction-induced Néel order on such lattices gives rise to alternating spin-polarized spectral functions that reflect the underlying quasicrystalline symmetry, revealing the emergence of unconventional $g$-wave (octagonal) and $h$-wave (decagonal) altermagnetism. Our symmetry analysis and low-energy effective theory further reveal unconventional altermagnetic spin splitting, which is compatible with quasicrystalline rotational symmetry. Our Letter shows that quasicrystals provide a fertile ground for realizing unconventional altermagnetic phases beyond crystallographic constraints, offering a platform for novel magnetisms and transport phenomena unique to quasiperiodic systems.

Altermagnets are a recently discovered class of magnetic materials that combine a collinear, zero-magnetization spin structure, characteristic of antiferromagnets, with spin-split electronic bands, a hallmark of ferromagnets. This unique behavior arises from the breaking of combined time-reversal and spatial symmetries (such as inversion or lattice translation), which are preserved in conventional antiferromagnets. To date, research has mainly focused on altermagnetic phases in periodic crystals, where the order is linked to rotational symmetries compatible with translational periodicity. In this Letter, we demonstrate that quasicrystals, which possess rotational symmetries incompatible with periodicity, can host exotic altermagnetic orders. Using symmetry analysis and self-consistent mean-field theory, we predict stable $g$-wave and $i$-wave altermagnetism in octagonal and dodecagonal quasicrystals, respectively. These phases are characterized by global $C_{8}T$ and $C_{12}T$ symmetries and exhibit anisotropic spin-splittings in their spectral functions and spin conductance, with characteristic eight and twelvefold nodal structures that establish a theoretical framework for identifying these phases in future experiments. Our findings establish quasicrystals as a versatile platform for realizing unconventional altermagnetic orders beyond the constraints of periodicity.

Sub-10-fs pump-probe reflectivity measurements combined with model calculations reveal the emergence of a photoinduced hidden (PH) state in a donor-acceptor-type metal-organic framework. Transient spectra exhibit an additional absorption band developing on a $\approx 30\mathrm{fs}$ timescale, signaling the ultrafast formation of the PH state. Time-frequency analysis captures spectral-weight transfer between phonons at $\approx 500{\mathrm{cm}}^{-1}$ and $600{\mathrm{cm}}^{-1}$, reflecting coherent oscillatory dynamics that accompany the formation of the PH state. Model calculations indicate that the PH state is a metastable polar state stabilized by bond-order-wave-driven lattice modulation, suggesting electronic ferroelectricity. These findings establish metal-organic frameworks as a versatile platform for exploring nonequilibrium quantum states.

Oscillations constitute a defining feature of nonequilibrium processes of life. We analyze a minimal degradation-mediated negative feedback loop, in which the final species in a linear cascade enzymatically degrades the first component. By coupling mean-field ordinary differential equations with a phase-separated component, we reveal novel inhibition scalings that expand the parameter regime supporting oscillations. Extending to arbitrary sublinear exponents and network sizes, we derive general bifurcation criteria and identify universal relations for oscillation onset in a reduced time-delay model. Our results show that phase separation promotes oscillations, uncovering a nonequilibrium mechanism for dynamic regulation in cellular systems.

The relationship between protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels is a key aspect of gene expression. Although a strong mRNA-protein correlation is widely observed, the evolutionary force driving the correlation remains poorly understood, undermining the reliability of using mRNA abundance as a proxy for protein levels. Here, by balancing the cost and benefit of gene expression, we uncover an optimal scaling between mRNA ($m$) and protein ($p$) levels that maximizes cell fitness: $m\sim p^{\gamma }$. Notably, we predict a lower bound of 0.5 for the exponent, and the toxicity effects of protein overexpression further increase it. For the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the simulated scaling across the genome, incorporating biologically relevant parameters, aligns well with experimental data. Genome-wide data across multiple organisms all exhibit a scaling exponent above the predicted lower bound. Our Letter rationalizes the primary role of transcriptional regulation and also the significance of translational regulation in determining protein levels from an evolutionary perspective.