The anomalous diffusion is found for peripheral collision of atomic nuclei described in the framework of the molecular dynamics. Similarly as for chaotic billiards, the long free paths are the source of the long-time correlations and the anomalous diffusion. Consequences of this finding for the energy dissipation in deep-inelastic collisions and the dynamics of fission in hot nuclei are discussed.

A strong thermal signature is found in the charge distributions associated with multifragmentation from the reaction ${}^{36}\mathrm{Ar}{+}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ at $E/A=110\mathrm{}$ MeV. The $n$-fold charge distributions are reducible to the onefold charge distributions through a simple scaling that is dictated by fold number and charge conservation.

The ratio of neutron and proton yields at quasifree kinematics was measured for the reactions ${}^2\mathrm{H}\left({e,e}^{\prime }n\right)$ and ${}^2\mathrm{H}\left({e,e}^{\prime }p\right)$ at momentum transfers $Q^2=0.125\mathrm{}$, 0.255, 0.417, and $0.605(\mathrm{GeV}/c{)}^2$, detecting the neutron and the proton simultaneously in the same scintillator array. The neutron detection efficiency was measured in situ with the ${}^1\mathrm{H}(\gamma ,{\pi }^{+})n$ reaction. From this the ratio $R$ of ${}^2\mathrm{H}\left({e,e}^{\prime }n\right)$ and ${}^2\mathrm{H}\left({e,e}^{\prime }p\right)$ cross sections was determined and used to extract the neutron magnetic form factor $G_M^n$ in a model insensitive approach, resulting in an inaccuracy between 2.1% and 3.3% in $G_M^n$.

We report on a high-statistics measurement of the deuteron spin structure function $g_1^d$ at a beam energy of 29 GeV in the kinematic range $0.029<x<\mathrm{}0.8\mathrm{}$ and $1<\mathrm{}{Q}^2<10\mathrm{}$ (GeV $/c$${)}^2$. The integral ${\gamma }_1^d=\int 1^{}{g}_1^d\mathrm{dx}$ evaluated at fixed $Q^2=3\mathrm{}$ (GeV $/c$${)}^2$ gives $0.042\pm 0.003\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.004\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)$. Combining this result with our earlier measurement of $g_1^p$, we find ${\gamma }_1^p-{\gamma }_1^n=0.163\mathrm{}\pm 0.010\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.016\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)$, which agrees with the prediction of the Bjorken sum rule with $O\left({\alpha }_s^3\right)$ corrections, ${\gamma }_1^p-{\gamma }_1^n=0.171\mathrm{}\pm 0.008$. We find the quark contribution to the proton helicity to be $\Delta q=0.30\mathrm{}\pm 0.06$.

The separated isovector spin-longitudinal and spin-transverse responses from a recent ( $\overrightarrow{p},\overrightarrow{n}$) quasifree experiment at 494 MeV are analyzed in a Glauber theory framework up to two-step contributions. Nuclear correlations are treated in the continuum random phase approximation, accounting for the spreading width of the particle-hole states. A good description of the spin-longitudinal response is achieved, hinting at some evidence of pionic effects in the quasielastic region. The spin-transverse response is underestimated, and we show that multistep contributions, while sizable, are not sufficient to provide an explanation of the discrepancy.

A pair of rotational bands with 9 and 11 discrete $\gamma$ rays with a regular spacing of about 29 keV extending from 1016 to 1340 keV have been identified as belonging to ${}^{147}\mathrm{Gd}$. Evidence from their population, decay characteristics, very large dynamic moments of inertia of ${\Im }^{\left(2\right)}=140\mathrm{}$ ${ħ}^2{\mathrm{MeV}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$, and agreement with theoretical predictions support the hyperdeformed character of these bands. These band structures correspond to a spheroid with major-to-minor axis ratio of about 3:1.

We show that the damping of nuclear collective excitations in the regime of chaotic intrinsic dynamics is well described by the coupling to doorway states. Subsequent collision processes which eventually lead the system into the compound nucleus eigenstates do not increase the damping width. We also argue that the damping width of collective excitations in nuclei does not increase without bounds as the excitation of the nucleus is increased, but acquires a limiting value.

Generic signatures of quantum chaos found in realistic shell model calculations are compared with thermal statistical equilibrium. We show the similarity of the informational entropy of individual eigenfunctions in the mean-field basis to the thermodynamical entropy found from the level density. Mean occupation numbers of single-particle orbitals agree with the Fermi-Dirac distribution despite the strong nucleon interaction.

We detected 1–10 MeV neutrons at laboratory angles from 80° to 140° in coincidence with 470 GeV muons deep inelastically scattered from H, D, C, Ca, and Pb targets. The neutron energy spectrum for Pb can be fitted with two components with temperature parameters of 0.7 and 5.0 MeV. The average neutron multiplicity for $40<\mathrm{}\nu <400\mathrm{}$ GeV is about 5 for Pb, and less than 2 for Ca and C. These data are consistent with a process in which the emitted hadrons do not interact with the rest of the nucleus within distances smaller than the radius of Ca, but do interact within distances on the order of the radius of Pb in the measured kinematic range. For all targets the lack of high nuclear excitation is surprising.

Relativistic exchange current corrections to neutrino-nucleus cross sections are presented assuming nonvanishing strange quark form factors for the constituent nucleons. For charged current processes the exchange current corrections can lower the impulse approximation results by 10% while these corrections are found to be sensitive to both the nuclear density and the strange quark axial form factor of the nucleon for neutral current processes. Implications on the LSND experiment to determine this form factor are discussed.

The tensor analyzing power $T_{20}$ for the reaction $d^{\uparrow }{+}^{12}\mathrm{C}\to p\left(0°\right)+X$ has been measured in the region of proton internal momenta $k$ in light-cone dynamics up to 1 GeV/ $c$. Measurements have been carried out at Dubna Synchrophasotron with polarized deuteron beam at deuteron momenta up to 9 GeV/ $c$. When $k$ increases the experimental values of $T_{20}$ have a tendency to approach the value ( $-$0.3) obtained by the calculation based on the reduced nuclear amplitude method in which the quark degrees of freedom are taken into account.

Complete distributions of the light and intermediate mass fragments ( $Z=1\mathrm{}$–6) produced within the polar angular range $1^{\circ }\le {\Theta }_{\mathrm{lab}}\le {30}^{\circ }$ in highly central collisions of 250 $A$MeV Au $+$ Au are presented. The results of this measurement and a model analysis are used to study the expansion and clustering of the hot and compressed transient state formed in central collisions of such a heavy system. The influence of the initial conditions on the final observables is discussed.

A new rapid hadronization scenario is proposed based on the dynamical chiral model including quarks interacting with background meson fields. We estimate time scales and spatial characteristics of chiral-symmetry breaking instabilities in expanding, nonthermal quark-gluon plasma. The transition from the chirally symmetric to broken state proceeds through the formation of multiquark-antiquark clusters, surrounded by domains of the coherent chiral field.

Cross sections are presented for the reaction ${}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}H\left({e,e}^{\prime }p\right)n$ for momentum transfers in the range $1.2\le Q^2\le 6.8(\mathrm{GeV}/c{)}^2$ and for missing momenta from 0 to 250 MeV/c. The longitudinal-transverse interference structure function has been separated at $Q^2=1.2\mathrm{}(\mathrm{GeV}/c{)}^2$. The observables are compared to calculations performed in nonrelativistic and relativistic frameworks. The data are best described by a fully relativistic calculation.

The technique of intensity interferometry has been applied to the pairs of high-energy photons coming from the ${}^{36}\mathrm{Ar}{+}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ reaction at 95 MeV/nucleon. For the first time, the experimental correlation distributions $C\left(q_{\mathrm{rel}}\right)$ and $C\left(q_0\right)$, as functions of the relative momentum and energy of the two detected photons, have been analyzed in order to extract both the spatial size and lifetime of the emitting source. The found values are in agreement with dynamical approaches based on the bremsstrahlung radiation picture from first-chance proton-neutron collisions.

It is shown that the anomalously large double binding energy differences for even-even $N=Z$ nuclei are a consequence of Wigner's SU(4) symmetry. These, and similar quantities for odd-mass and odd-odd nuclei, provide a simple and distinct signature of this symmetry in $N\simeq Z$ nuclei.

In an experiment at the SISSI/LISE facility of GANIL, we used the projectile fragmentation of a ${}^{78}\mathrm{Kr}$ primary beam at 73 MeV/nucleon to produce new isotopes of astrophysical interest. We obtained clear evidence for the existence of the five new isotopes ${}^{60}\mathrm{Ga}$, ${}^{64}\mathrm{As}$, ${}^{69,70}\mathrm{Kr}$, and ${}^{74}\mathrm{Sr}$. However, we did not find any evidence for ${}^{69}\mathrm{Br}$, whereas comparable nuclei were observed with more than 1000 counts. The isotope ${}^{69}\mathrm{Br}$ is thus deduced to be a proton-unbound nucleus with a half-life shorter than about 100 ns. The influence of these results on our understanding of the astrophysical RP process is discussed.

The energies of ${}^3\mathrm{H}$, ${}^3\mathrm{He}$, and ${}^4\mathrm{He}$ ground states, the ${\frac{3}{2}}^{{}^{-}}$ and ${\frac{1}{2}}^{{}^{-}}$ scattering states of ${}^5\mathrm{He}$, the ground states of ${}^6\mathrm{He}$, ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$, and ${}^6\mathrm{Be}$, and the $3^{+}$ and $0^{+}$ excited states of ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ have been accurately calculated with the Green's function Monte Carlo method using realistic models of two- and three-nucleon interactions. The splitting of the $A=3\mathrm{}$ isospin $T=\frac{1}{2}$ and $A=6\mathrm{}$ isospin $T=1\mathrm{}$, $J^{\pi }{=0\mathrm{}}^{+}$ multiplets is also studied. The observed energies and radii are generally well reproduced, however, some definite differences between theory and experiment can be identified.

Using two specific models and a model-independent formalism, we show that in addition to the usual quadratic “side,” “out,” and “longitudinal” terms, a previously neglected “out-longitudinal” cross term arises naturally in the exponent of the two-particle correlator. Since its effects can be easily observed, such a term should be included in any experimental fits to correlation data. We also suggest a method of organizing correlation data using rapidity rather than longitudinal momentum differences, since in the former every relevant quantity is longitudinally boost invariant.

The phenomenon of collective flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions is studied using the hadronic cascade model ARC. Comparison is made to data for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ at $p=1.7\mathrm{}$ GeV $/c$, and for $\mathrm{Ar}+\mathrm{Pb}$ at $p=1.4\mathrm{}$ GeV $/c$. Collective flow is well described quantitatively without the need for explicit mean field terms to simulate the nuclear equation of state. Pion collective flow is in the opposite direction to nucleon flow, as is that of antinucleons and other produced particles. Pion and nucleon flow are predicted at BNL Alternating Gradient Synchrotron energies also, where, in light of the higher baryon densities achieved, we speculate that equation of state effects may be observable.