Numerical computations of transport coefficients at low temperatures are presented for shapes typically encountered in nuclear fission. The influence of quantum effects of the nucleonic degrees of freedom is examined, with pair correlations included. Consequences for global collective motion are studied for the case of the decay rate. The range of temperatures is specified above which this motion may be described as a quantal diffusion process.

Experimental momentum distributions for the transitions to the ground state and first excited state of ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ have been measured via the reaction ${}^7\mathrm{Li}({e,e}^{\prime }p{)}^6\mathrm{He}$. They are compared to theoretical distributions calculated with variational Monte Carlo (VMC) wave functions which include strong state-dependent correlations in both ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}^6\mathrm{He}$. These VMC calculations provide a parameter-free prediction that reproduces the measured data, including its normalization. The deduced spectroscopic factor for the two transitions is $0.58\pm 0.05$, in perfect agreement with the VMC value of 0.60. This is the first successful comparison of experiment and ab initio theory for spectroscopic factors in $p$-shell nuclei.

Rotational bands with strong magnetic dipole transitions have been observed in the doubly odd nuclei ${}^{82}\mathrm{Rb}$ and ${}^{84}\mathrm{Rb}$. These bands show the characteristic features of magnetic rotation. They are the first evidence of this new kind of nuclear excitation in the $A\approx 80$ region. The results are well reproduced within the framework of the tilted axis cranking model on the basis of four-quasiparticle configurations of the type $\pi \left(\mathrm{fp}\right)-\pi \left(g_{9/2}^2\right)-\nu \left(g_{9/2}\right)$.

Spallation neutron production in proton induced reactions on Pb targets at 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 GeV has been measured at the SATURNE accelerator. Double-differential cross sections were obtained over a broad angular range from which averaged neutron multiplicities per reaction were inferred for energies above 2 MeV. The results are compared with calculations performed with a high energy transport code including two different intranuclear cascade (INC) models: it is shown that the Cugnon INC model gives a better agreement with the data than the Bertini one, mainly because of improved nucleon-nucleon cross sections and Pauli blocking treatment.

We consider (anti-) baryon production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions as a production of topological defects during the chiral phase transition. Nonzero light quark masses, which explicitly break chiral symmetry, suppress the (anti-) baryon density. Hardly any (anti-) baryons will be produced in the central rapidity region of a heavy-ion collision. The antibaryon suppression may serve as a signal of quark-gluon plasma production.

The $0_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.\mathrm{}}^{+}\to 2_1^{+}$ transition in ${}^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ has been studied using the inverse kinematics reaction $p{(}^{18}\mathrm{Ne}{,p}^{\prime })$ with a radioactive ${}^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ beam at 30 MeV/nucleon. Hadronic scattering data on the $0_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.\mathrm{}}^{+}\to 2_1^{+}$ transition in the mirror nucleus ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ are already available, so this is the first time that hadronic measurements have been available to test mirror symmetry in $s-d$ shell nuclei. The angular distribution data for proton inelastic scattering in ${}^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ and corresponding data for ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ are well reproduced in microscopic model calculations using empirical proton and neutron transition densities determined for ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$.

The ${}^{10}\mathrm{B}{(}^7\mathrm{Be}{,}^8\mathrm{B}{)}^9\mathrm{Be}$ reaction has been studied with an 84 MeV ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$ radioactive beam. The measured cross section determines the asymptotic normalization coefficients for the virtual transitions ${}^7\mathrm{Be}+p\leftrightarrow {}^8\mathrm{B}$. These coefficients specify the amplitude of the tail of the ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ wave function in the two-body channel ${}^7\mathrm{Be}+p$, and may be used to calculate the $S$ factor for the direct capture reaction ${}^7\mathrm{Be}(p,\gamma {)}^8\mathrm{B}$ at solar energies, $S_{17}\left(0\right)$. We find that $S_{17}\left(0\right)=17.8\mathrm{}\pm 2.8\mathrm{eV}\mathrm{b}$.

A method has been developed that can provide beams of many short-lived nuclei of interest in nucleosynthesis along the $\mathrm{rp}$ process path. With a ${}^{17}\mathrm{F}$ beam $(T_{1/2}=64\mathrm{}\mathrm{s}$) the excitation function of the ${}^{17}\mathrm{F}(p,\alpha {)}^{14}\mathrm{O}$ reaction was measured to determine properties of excited states in ${}^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$. These states influence the rate of the ${}^{14}\mathrm{O}(\alpha ,p{)}^{17}\mathrm{F}$ reaction which is important for understanding energy generation and nucleosynthesis in x-ray bursts. The present direct measurements yield a pattern of resonances and cross sections which differ substantially from previous estimates.

The projected shell model analysis is carried out using the triaxial Nilsson $+$ BCS basis. It is demonstrated that, for a better description of the moments of inertia of nuclei in the transitional region, it is necessary to take the triaxiality into account and perform the three-dimensional angular momentum projection from the triaxial Nilsson $+$ BCS intrinsic wave function.

It is emphasized that the coupling of the elastic channel to an elastic transfer channel leads to a nondispersive polarization potential with a periodic energy dependence. Evidence of this is found in the elastic scattering data of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{+}^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ at low energies. The finding hints at a significant ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{+}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ clustering effect in the ground state of ${}^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$.

We report on a measurement of the tensor analyzing power $T_{20}$ in elastic electron-deuteron scattering in the range of four-momentum transfer from 1.8 to $3.2{\mathrm{fm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$. Electrons of 704 MeV were scattered from a polarized deuterium internal target. The tensor polarization of the deuterium nuclei was determined with an ion-extraction system, allowing an absolute measurement of $T_{20}$. The data are described well by a nonrelativistic calculation that includes the effects of meson-exchange currents.

The complex Kohn variational principle and the (correlated) hyperspherical harmonics method are applied to study the proton-deuteron elastic scattering at energies above the deuteron breakup threshold. Results for the elastic cross section and various elastic polarization observables have been obtained by taking into account the long-range effect of the Coulomb interaction and using a realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction model. Detailed comparison to the accurate and abundant elastic proton-deuteron experimental data can now be performed.

Structures of the medium- to high-spin states in the doubly magic nucleus ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ have been investigated using the reaction ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si}{(}^{36}\mathrm{Ar},2\mathrm{}\alpha )$ and the $\gamma$-ray spectrometer Gammasphere in conjunction with the $4\pi$ charged-particle detector array Microball. Two well-deformed rotational bands have been identified. There is evidence that one of the bands, which is identical to a sequence in the odd-odd neighbor ${}^{58}\mathrm{Cu}$, partially decays via proton emission into the ground state of ${}^{55}\mathrm{Co}$. Predictions of extensive large-scale shell-model and cranked Hartree-Fock and Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations are compared with the experimental data.

Within quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations we demonstrate the effect of virial corrections on heavy ion reactions. Unlike in standard codes, the binary collisions are treated as nonlocal so that the contribution of the collision flux to the reaction dynamics is covered. A comparison with standard QMD simulations shows that the virial corrections lead to a broader proton distribution bringing theoretical spectra closer towards experimental values. Complementary Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck simulations reveal that the nonlocality enhances the collision rate in the early stage of the reaction. It suggests that the broader distribution appears due to an enhanced preequilibrium emission of particles.

The transfer reaction $p{(}^8\mathrm{He},d{)}^7\mathrm{He}$ has been studied by correlational measurements, and an excited state of ${}^7\mathrm{He}$ was observed ( $E^{*}=2.9\mathrm{}\pm 0.3\mathrm{MeV}$, $\Gamma =2.2\mathrm{}\pm 0.3\mathrm{MeV}$) which decays mainly into ${3n+}^4\mathrm{He}$. Most likely, it has a structure with a neutron in an excited state coupled to the ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ core which itself is in the excited $2^{+}$ state.

Ternary fission in the reaction ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{+}^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}=22A\mathrm{MeV}$ reveals evidence for dynamical decay. The relative emission probability of intermediate-mass fragments (IMF: $3\le Z\le 20$) as a function of the initial excitation of the composite system is examined. While IMFs emitted pre-scission exhibit behavior consistent with statistical emission, near-scission IMFs, characterized by unique angular and energy distributions, clearly exhibit a behavior consistent with dynamical decay.

We investigate the masses of the lowest $c\overline{c}$ states, the $J/\psi$ and ${\eta }_c$, in nuclear matter using QCD sum rules. Up to dimension four, the differences between the operator product expansions in vacuum and in medium arise from the density-dependent change in the gluon condensate and from a new contribution proportional to the nucleon expectation value of the twist-2 gluon operator. Both terms together give an attractive shift of about 5–10 MeV to the $J/\psi$ and ${\eta }_c$ masses in nuclear matter.

The doubly magic superdeformed band in the $N=Z$ nucleus ${}^{60}\mathrm{Zn}$ has been identified. Linking transitions connecting this band to the yrast line provide the first spin, parity, and excitation energy measurements for superdeformed states in the $A\sim 60$ region. The stretched- $E2\mathrm{}$ character and relatively large $B\left(E2\mathrm{}\right)$ values of these transitions suggest a nonstatistical decay-out process.

We examine the behavior of the width of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) at high excitation energies and show, based on new detailed measurements together with a reanalysis of previous experimental results, that the GDR width in Sn and nearby mass compound nuclei continues to increase up to final-state temperatures $T\sim 3.2\mathrm{MeV}$. These temperatures correspond to the highest energies at which the GDR width can be extracted reliably from existing data.

The shape elongation $\beta$ of a fissioning nucleus (of mass $A_f$) undergoing mass-symmetric and mass-asymmetric deformation is experimentally determined. The results indicate that, either for the mass-symmetric or for the mass-asymmetric deformation, the value of shape elongation is nearly independent of $A_f$ and temperature. Three types of shape elongations are observed: The liquid drop property governed mass-symmetric deformation with $\beta \sim 1.65$; the mass-asymmetric deformation with $\beta \sim 1.53$; and the shell influenced mass-symmetric deformation with $\beta \sim 1.43$.