Spontaneous symmetry breaking of gauge supersymmetry to global supersymmetry is seen to determine in part the internal-symmetry gauge group through the equations $R_{\mathrm{AB}}=\lambda g_{\mathrm{AB}}$. For the case $\lambda \ne 0$ the determination is complete, the resultant group being the U(1) Maxwell-Einstein coordinate group. For $\lambda =0\mathrm{}$, spontaneous breaking automatically requires parity breakdown in the vacuum, and is consistent with SU(2) ⊗ U(10 ⊗ color.

The cross section for the fusion of ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$ + ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ has been determined at bombarding energies covering the range $E_{{}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}}=43-178\mathrm{}$ MeV (3 to 12 times the interaction barrier height). The cross section decreases slowly with increasing energy and, at the highest energy, suggests that ${}_{}{}^{26}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$ has been formed with an angular momentum equal to the liquid-drop limit.

Calculations show that indirect transitions can explain the forward cross section observed in some experiments, in particular ${}_{}{}^{60}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$(${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$, ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$). Normal optical potentials which fit elastic and inelastic data are used in the analysis. An earlier analysis in terms of a surface transparent potential is shown to depend sensitively on a scaling factor that was introduced to simulate recoil effects. However when recoil is properly taken into account it is found that the surface transparent potential does not reproduce the data.

Spin and parity assignments and lifetime measurements on high-spin states of ${}_{}{}^{56}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$ have been made by $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy in various reactions. The results show that the first $6^{+}$ and $8^{+}$ states are not members of the ground-state rotational band with prolate deformation, indicating a sudden change in nuclear shape at $J>\mathrm{}4\mathrm{}$ along the yrast band of ${}_{}{}^{56}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$.

The shapes of crystal-blocking angular distributions have been used to study the fission decay of excited compound nuclei produced by bombardment of tungsten with ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ ions. The results show that while most of the fission decays (∼80%) occur with lifetimes too short to be measured by the blocking technique ($\tau \lesssim {10}^{-18\mathrm{}}$ sec), a large fraction (∼20%) corresponds to lifetimes $\tau \gtrsim {10}^{-16\mathrm{}}$ sec. This indicates a significant contribution from fission after evaporation of several neutrons.

The fine-structure splitting of the $4F$ state of atomic sodium is determined using the technique of two-photon spectroscopy with a resonant intermediate state. The sensitivity of this Doppler-free technique allows observation of the electric-dipole-forbidden $3S\to 4F$ two-photon transition. The $4F$ fine-structure splitting is found to be 229±4 MHz. Its sign and magnitude are hydrogenic, in complete contrast to the $D$ levels of Na.

The interface between a heavy fluid surrounding a light fluid can accelerate in the direction of the heavier fluid without experiencing Rayleigh-Taylor instability, if the heavy fluid is rotating such that the sum of centripetal and radial accelerations at the interface is negative. This is demonstrated experimentally using rotating, hollow cylinders of liquid sodium-potassium alloy imploding on trapped magnetic flux.

The surface vibrations of H adsorbed on W(100) at 300 K have been studied by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Two vibration modes corresponding to atomic hydrogen in two different sites have been found with the relative occupation depending on the total coverage. The single mode observed at high coverages is attributed to the occupation of bridge sites (${\beta }_1$ hydrogen) while the mode observed at low coverages is associated with on-top sites (${\beta }_2$ hydrogen).

We have measured the tunneling characteristics ($\frac{\mathrm{dV}}{\mathrm{dI}}$ and $\frac{d^{2}V}{d{I}^2}$ versus $V$) of thin film junctions of the form $\mathrm{Al}-I-M-\mathrm{Pb}$, where $M$ is Ag, Cu, or Al. These tunneling characteristics have dips at voltages corresponding to peaks in the phonon density of states of $M$ and peaks at voltages corresponding to the peaks in the phonon density of states of Pb. From the amplitude of the dips due to the phonons of $M$ we can crudely estimate the electron-phonon coupling constant ${\lambda }_M$ for Al and Cu.

Oscillations with frequencies in the range 0.04 to 3 MG have been observed in the magnetoresistance of $4Hb$-Ta${\mathrm{S}}_2$. The low frequencies observed are consistent with sections of Fermi surface resulting from band folding due to the charge-density-wave superlattice, and the angular dependence of the frequencies suggests cylindrically shaped pieces of the Fermi surface. For particular lead geometries the oscillatory portion of the experimental voltage displays an unusual current dependence in that it scales linearly with $\left|\overline{I}\right|$ but does not depend on the direction of $\overline{I}$.

We propose a new cooperative phenomenon: the conversion of the energy stored in a monolayer of fully excited molecules, located at a distance $D\ll {\lambda }_f$ (the fluorescence wave-length) from a metal or doped semiconductor, into the resonant surface-plasmon mode. The effect resembles Dicke's superradiance, with significant modifications—the coherent burst is a propagating surface-polariton mode.

The measured temperature coefficients of the energy separations between the Ga $3d$ core levels and the top (${{\Gamma }_8}^V$) and bottom (${X_6}^C$) of the $s{p}^3$ valence and conduction bands in GaP between 110 K and 295 K are (+1.0±0.5)×${10}^{-4\mathrm{}}$ eV ${\mathrm{K}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$ and (-2.4±0.5)×${10}^{-4\mathrm{}}$ eV ${\mathrm{K}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$, respectively. They are described within experimental accuracy by the Debye-Waller, hydrostatic, self-energy, and spatially averaged screened-ion core potential interactions of the $s{p}^3$ bands alone. No significant core-level contribution is observed.

A high-field Knight-shift measuremnt in a single crystal of hcp cobalt, $K=0.0186\mathrm{}$, is used to derive the spin susceptibility ${\chi }^p=71\mathrm{}\times {10}^{-6\mathrm{}}$ emu/mole and the orbital susceptibility ${\chi }_{\mathrm{vv}}=202\mathrm{}\times {10}^{-6\mathrm{}}$ emu/mole. Comparing the results with predictions of the ferromagnetic band model, we conclude that hcp cobalt is a weak itinerant-electron ferromagnet.

We introduce a model for configurationally disordered spin systems that is exactly solvable in an appropriate spherical approximation for a variety of exchange interactions. For a classical Heisenberg interaction, the solution shows a ferromagnetic transition.

In two experiments in 1974 and 1975, utilizing a radio interferometer of 35-km base-line, the relative positions of three radio sources were monitored over a period of a month when the sun was within 10 deg of the sources. The mean gravitational deflection is 1.007 ± 0.009 (standard error) times the value predicted by general relativity. These results exclude the Brans-Dicke theory of gravitation with a scalar coupling constant $\omega <23\mathrm{}$ at the 99% confidence level.

The high-$y$ anomaly in inelastic ${\overline{\nu }}_{\mu }$-nucleon scattering is shown to exhibit effective violations of scale invariance and charge-symmetry invariance. The anomaly cannot be explained by scattering from antiquarks in the usual three-quark model.

We have investigated the reaction $K^{-}p\to {\overline{K}}^0{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}n$ with 6 GeV/c $K^{-}$. We observe a statistically significant (6.6 standard deviations) peak in the ${\overline{K}}^0{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ effective mass at 1692 ± 6 MeV with a full width $\Gamma ={26}_{-17\mathrm{}}^{+24\mathrm{}}$ MeV.

We have observed the production of a new scalar meson of mass 1255 ± 5 MeV and width 79 ± 10 MeV. The meson is observed primarily through the interference of the $S$-wave and $D$-wave ${K_s}^0{K_s}^0$ production amplitudes in the reaction ${\pi }^{-}p\to n{K_s}^0{K_s}^0$ at 6 and 7 GeV/c. The $S$-wave amplitude and phase are both observed to have Breit-Wigner behavior. The quantum numbers of the meson are $J^P=0^{+}$ and $C=+1\mathrm{}$ with $I^G=1^{-}$ preferred.

The vibration-rotational spectrum of the hydrogen molecular ion H${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ has been observed by means of a new ion-beam laser-resonance method employing Doppler-effect tuning and collisional detection. Six transition-frequency groups between 1642 and 1869 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$, exhibiting partially resolved hyperfine structure, have been measured to ± 1 ppm. The accuracy exceeds that of present theoretical calculations of H${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ energy levels.

The linear polarization of 3889-Å radiation in coincidence with scattered neutral particles has been measured for 1.5- and 3.0-keV ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$-${\mathrm{H}}_2$ collisions at selected scattering angles. At one scattering angle the measurements show a stronger polarization than is presently observed in ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$-He at any scattering angle; this is surprising in view of the many final states available to the recoiling ${\mathrm{H}}_2^{+}$ ion.