The synchrotron radiation emitted from the adiabatic toroidal compressor (ATC) tokamak plasma along a major radius was measured over a band of frequencies ($35 \mathrm{GHz}<f<\mathrm{}450\mathrm{} \mathrm{GHz}$ with resolution $\frac{f}{\Delta f}\approx 2$ and rise time $\tau <10\mathrm{}$ μsec) that included the electron cyclotron frequency and its first few harmonics. The radiation is at least 50% polarized (${\overrightarrow{\mathrm{E}}}_{\mathrm{wave}}\perp \overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}$). Radiation due to runaway electrons increases sharply and coincidentally with the appearance of positive spikes in the loop voltage and decays exponentially after the onset of an $m=2\mathrm{}$ oscillation in the plasma.

We use a current-current model for weak interactions to show that the weak-interaction contribution to the ground state energies of typical nuclei is about a part in ${10}^8$ of their rest masses. By comparing this contribution with the results of the recent versions of the Eötvös experiments, we conclude that weak-interaction energies obey the principle of equivalence to better than a part in 100, thus refuting claims that those experiments did not test weak-interaction effects.

Microscopic crystalline monazite inclusions showing giant halo formation in biotite mica have been analyzed by the method of proton-induced x-ray emission. The observed x-ray energy spectra are best explained by the presence of a number of superheavy elements.

High-precision total differential scattering cross sections for 40-keV electrons incident on ${\mathrm{N}}_2$ have been measured. In order to observe binding effects in the scattering cross sections, the data have been compared to a theoretical set of intensities based on scattering from noninteracting nitrogen atoms placed in the proper geometric relation. The resulting difference function has been Fourier transformed according to the procedures described by Kohl and Bartell. The charge-density-difference map which is the result of this deconvolution process is compared with the Hartree-Fock model.

By means of active field shaping, a $D$-shaped, elongated plasma has been obtained with a maximum plasma current of 50 kA corresponding to $q=2.4\mathrm{}$ for the toroidal magnetic field of 2.2 kG. In this stage magnetic perturbations of $m=2\mathrm{}$ kinklike mode have been at high level. The disruptive instability with a negative voltage spike, an expansion of the plasma column, and an inward shift in the major radius have been observed. These magnetohydrodynamic properties are similar to those of circular cross section tokamaks.

Ion current densities up to several kiloamperes per square centimeter and total ion currents ranging from 50 to 150 kA have been produced at voltages of 100-300 kV in a modified relativistic-electron-beam diode. The experiments are in general accord with the predictions of a recent reflex-triode theory.

The known low-temperature properties of H and D in Nb are explained by a model of tunnel-split pocket states.

We report precise optical measurements of the equations of state of Xe, S${\mathrm{F}}_6$, and C${\mathrm{O}}_2$ very near their critical points ($\frac{|T-T_c|}{T_c}<5\mathrm{}\times {10}^{-5\mathrm{}}$). We find that the critical exponents of these fluids in this region are close to the exponents calculated from the three-dimensional Ising model.

We have observed superconductivity to 16°K in mixtures of metallic Nb${\mathrm{Ge}}_2$ and semiconducting Ge, and we show that both constituents are necessary. We show that the superconductivity is associated with the Nb${\mathrm{Ge}}_2$, although by itself, it is not a superconductor above 2.5°K. Various explanations are considered.

A model calculation shows that each phonon band which couples to the electron density in an organic linear-chain semiconductor effectively develops an infrared activity along the chain axis. The origin of the effect lies in phase oscillations of additional charge-density-wave distortions which inevitably arise in the presence of electron-phonon interactions. This suggests that organic linear conductors may constitute unique systems for the study of electron-phonon interactions in the organic solid state.

Results on the nucleon structure function, $\nu W_2$, are presented for $0.2<~q^2<~50$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^2$ and $5<~\nu <~130$ GeV. They were obtained by scattering 147-GeV positive muons inelastically from a liquid deuterium target.

Angle-resolved photoemission has been used to study the occupied density of states in Ti${\mathrm{Se}}_2$. Results show that the conduction band overlaps the valence bands in $k$ space along the $\Gamma -M$ direction indicating that stoichiometric Ti${\mathrm{Se}}_2$ is a semimetal.

An approach to high-resolution NMR of deuterium in solids is described. The $m=1\mathrm{}\to -1\mathrm{}$ transition is excited by a double-quantum process and the decay of coherence $Q\left(\tau \right)$ is monitored. Fourier transformation yields a deuterium spectrum devoid of quadrupole broadening, and if the deuterium nuclei are dilute, the double-quantum spectrum is a high-resolution one. The technique is applied to a single crystal of oxalic acid dihydrate enriched to ∼ 10% in deuterium, and the carboxyl and the water deuterium shifts are indeed resolved.

The electrical resistivity of ${\mathrm{Tb}}_c{\mathrm{Y}}_{1-c}\mathrm{Sb}$ has been measured as a function of temperature and of Tb concentration. The resistivity contribution from scattering of conduction electrons by Tb $4f$ electrons has been calculated in the paramagnetic regime in order to examine the competing effects of the crystal field and the exchange interaction. Excellent agreement with experiment is obtained for the entire range of $c$ with one value for each of the two adjustable parameters, the Fermi momentum, and the electron-ion exchange constant.

Analysis of new Li $1s$ x-ray-photoemission data as a function of temperature unambiguously shows a large phonon-broadening contribution and a small lifetime width. Our values account quantitatively for the observed rounding in all the recent Li $K$ absorption-edge measurements.

The observation of a number of spin-wave spectra in liquid-phase-epitaxy yttrium-iron-garnet films which cannot be described by a surface anisotropy of the uniaxial type is reported. The strong in-plane angular variation of the spin-wave-mode intensities is explained in terms of a nonuniform anisotropic field localized in the diffusion zone rather than by an artificial surface field.

In models of fermions coupled to gauge fields certain current-conservation laws are violated by Bell-Jackiw anomalies. In perturbation theory the total charge corresponding to such currents seems to be still conserved, but here it is shown that nonperturbative effects can give rise to interactions that violate the charge conservation. One consequence is baryon and lepton number nonconservation in $V-A$ gauge theories with charm. Another is the nonvanishing mass squared of the $\eta$.

I show the connection between the magnetic monopoles with quantized strength and the form of solutions of gauge fields. A generalized electromagnetic field tensor ${\overline{f}}_{\mu \nu }$ and its physical implications in a unified gauge theory are discussed.

The problem of the improvement term of the energy-momentum tensor ${\theta }_{\mu \nu }$ in ${\varphi }^4$ theory is reconsidered. A unique finite improvement coefficient is shown to renormalize ${\theta }_{\mu \nu }$. Dimensional regularization is used and the improvement coefficient depends only on the space-time dimension. Up to three-loop order but not beyond, the value suggested by conformal arguments works. But if use is allowed of 't Hooft's methods to sum the divergences, then this value does work.

A previously proposed model of hadrons constructed out of quarks and strings is further developed into a fully interacting theory in any dimension. It is shown that in two dimensions chromodynamics is equivalent to this theory in the sense that the hadronic spectrum and matrix elements for the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions are identical in both theories.