From the requirement of reality of discontinuities of scattering amplitudes at the spherical level of the topological bootstrap theory, a large number of mass relations for hadrons is derived. Quadratic mass formulas for the symmetry-breaking pattern of both mesons and baryons is obtained and their relation to conventional models of symmetry breaking is briefly discussed.

Data from the MARK-J detector on the reactions $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, ${\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ in the center-of-mass energy range from 12 to 36.7 GeV are presented. The $\mu$, $\tau$ radii are shown to be <${10}^{-16\mathrm{}}$ cm. A search has been made for the production of a new heavy lepton and for the production of spin-0 supersymmetric partners of the muon. 95%-confidence-level lower limits of 16 GeV for the mass of a new charged heavy lepton and 15 GeV for the mass of the scalar partners of the muon are obtained.

The $\mu \to e\gamma$ decay as induced by massive neutrino mixings is studied. In models with either pure Dirac or Majorana mass terms it is suppressed by small neutrino masses. When both Dirac and Majorana terms are present, one can avoid this mass suppression and the Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani cancellation is generally not complete. Then it is suppressed by small mixing angles. However, one instance is found where both suppression mechanisms can be avoided, yielding a "large" $\mu \to e\gamma$ rate.

It is pointed out that the magnitude of the weak, electromagnetic [and strong $\alpha \mathrm{}\left(s\right)\mathrm{}$] couplings could be related within a composite model for quarks, leptons, and gauge and Higgs particles to a large $N$ of an underlying $\mathrm{SU}\mathrm{}\left(N\right)\mathrm{}$. The usual $\alpha$ expansion is identified with the $\frac{1}{N}$ expansion of the fundamental confining interactions.

Arguments are presented suggesting that the top-quark analog of the $\frac{J}{\psi }$ should lie at 38±2 GeV. Should there exist a fourth $Q=\frac{2}{3}$ quark $h$, the first $\overline{h}h$ state must be heavier than 300 GeV.

An SU(7) model is presented toward a flavor unification for known particles. The $t$ quark is not a partner of the $b$ quark. There are three types of neutrinos and several -so far unobserved-light detectable particles (masses < 300 GeV): a doubly charged lepton $T^{--}$, a $Q=-\frac{4}{3}$ quark $x$, and a $Q=\frac{5}{3}$ quark $y$. An intermediate mass scale is a necessity and there is no problem of magnetic monopoles.

Constants defining a quantum state can serve as macroscopic parameters specifying the spontaneous breaking of a symmetry. An example is given in which a laser possesses a SU(3) symmetry which is spontaneously broken above threshold. The parameters can be readily observed experimentally.

The phenomenological consequences of soft-gluon radiation are considered for the acollinearity distribution in deep-inelastic lepton-hadron scattering. It is emphasized that energy-weighted acollinearity distributions provide a good way for studying the deflection of quarks by soft gluons.

The cosmological constraints on neutrino masses can be altered if lepton number is broken globally giving rise to a very weakly coupled Goldstone boson-the Majoron. Then heavy neutrinos can decay sufficiently rapidly by Majoron emission, thereby giving negligible contributions to the mass density of the universe. Specifically, if $M$ is the mass scale associated with lepton number breakdown, for $M\lesssim {10}^6$ GeV there are no constraints on neutrino masses while for $M$ high enough ($M\gtrsim {10}^9-{10}^{10}$ GeV) the standard bounds remain.

Coincidence studies of two protons emitted from $p$+${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ at 100 MeV have been carried out. The proton spectra in coincidence with scattered protons suffering an average energy loss of 60 MeV are similar to those resulting from 60-MeV incident protons. This suggests that the initial interaction of the incident proton is with a bound nucleon and that one or both of these nucleons is emitted or initiates a cascade leading to more complex states.

A separated-microwave-oscillatory-field technique has been used in conjunction with a fast atomic-hydrogen beam to measure the $2{}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}P_{\frac{3}{2}}^{}{}_{}{}^{}-2\mathrm{}{}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}S_{\frac{1}{2}}^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ fine-structure interval in atomic hydrogen. The value obtained for the $2{}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}P_{\frac{3}{2}}^{}{}_{}{}^{}-2\mathrm{}{}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}S_{\frac{1}{2}}^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ fine-structure interval is 9911.117(41) MHz.

Monochromatized synchrotron radiation near the photoionization threshold was used to produce the $2{p_{\frac{3}{2}}}^{-1\mathrm{}}$ vacancy state in atomic Xe. Deexcitation of the state through $L_3-M_4{M}_5\left({}_{}{}^1{}_{}{}^{}G_4^{}{}_{}{}^{}\right)$ Auger-electron emission was measured. The $5d$ spectator-electron Auger satellite was observed. The satellite energy exhibits linear dispersion as a function of the photon energy of the exciting radiation. The observed width of the ${}_{}{}^1{}_{}{}^{}G$ diagram line decreases by ∼ 40% at threshold. This radiationless process can thus be construed as the Auger analog of the x-ray resonant Raman effect.

In xenon, the $5p^5 5d{[K=\frac{5}{2}]}_{J=3\mathrm{}}$ and $5p^5 5d{[K=\frac{7}{2}]}_{J=3\mathrm{}}$ atomic states have been excited by two-photon absorption from the ground state. It is shown that the two-photon absorption proceeds via off-resonant $E1-E2$ and $E2-E1$ transitions. Satisfactory agreement is found between experimental and estimated two-photon absorption rates for these processes.

A critical slowing down is shown of the time relaxation in the Soret-driven instability after a perturbation, described by $\tau ={\tau }_0{\epsilon }^{-1\mathrm{}}$, $\epsilon =\frac{(N_{\mathrm{Ra}}-{N_{\mathrm{Ra}}}^{\mathrm{crit}})}{{N_{\mathrm{Ra}}}^{\mathrm{crit}}}$, and ${\tau }_0$ is calculated exactly, i.e., with no extra assumptions other than a Boussinesquian and Newtonian fluid; ${\tau }_0$ is correlated to all the parameters of this problem such as the Prandtl number, the Schmidt number, the Soret coefficient, and the solute Rayleigh number.

The unambiguous identification of adsorption sites is demonstrated by using absolute and relative polarization-dependent surface extended-x-ray-absorption fine-structure amplitude functions. This empirical procedure is generally applicable to all oriented adsorbates on single-crystal substrates.

The recently observed new collective mode in the zero-sound propagation in ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$-$B$ is shown experimentally to split linearly with magnetic field into five components and to display the characteristic angular dependence of a $J=2\mathrm{}$ multiplet. Agreement with the predicted splitting first computed by Tewordt and Schopohl leads to the identification of the newly found feature with the spin pair-vibration mode of the Balian-Werthamer state.

The first observation of anisotropy in the dielectric constant of superfluid ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$-$A$ is reported. The measurement is made using parallel-plate capacitors immersed in ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$. A magnetic field is used to orient the anisotropy axis $\hat{l}$. At $T_{\mathrm{AB}}$ and 29 bars, the anisotropy is only ${\epsilon }_{\hat{l}\perp \overrightarrow{\mathrm{E}}}-{\epsilon }_{\hat{l}\parallel \overrightarrow{\mathrm{E}}}=5\mathrm{}\times {10}^{-11\mathrm{}}$.

In a comprehensive x-ray scattering and heat-capacity study of ${\mathrm{O}}_2$ physisorbed onto basal planes of graphite, at least four independent solid phases are found, whose characters differ markedly from previous descriptions. The most important change is for the monolayer $\delta$ phase, which is believed to consist of a rectangular lattice with the molecules lying down on the graphite surface. The precise nature of several of the higher coverage phases remains unknown.

The surface photoelectric yield of indium has been obtained by measuring in situ the total yield and the reflectivity for $s$ and $p$ polarizations on ultrasmooth evaporated films with preferential (111) orientation. With use of a theoretical calculation of Feibelman, it is shown that it is possible to extract the surface potential from the data in the energy range $0.6<\mathrm{}\frac{\omega }{{\omega }_p}<1\mathrm{}$. It deviates strongly from the corresponding Lang-Kohn result.

A lattice-constant study of the cubic $C15$ $\mathrm{Ce}{\left({\mathrm{Ir}}_x{\mathrm{Os}}_{1-x}\right)}_2$ and $\mathrm{Ce}{\left({\mathrm{Pt}}_x{\mathrm{Ir}}_{1-x}\right)}_2$ mixtures at room temperature reveals anomalous lattice constant versus $x$ behavior. Also the electron-spin-resonance thermal broadening and $g$ shift of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ in these compounds are anomalous but could be correlated with the lattice parameters. This is taken as evidence for intermediate-valence state in some of the mixtures.