Phonon dispersion relations are widely used to elucidate the vibrational properties of materials. As an emerging technique, momentum-resolved vibrational spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy offers an unparalleled approach to explore $q$-dependent phonon behavior at local structures. In this study, we systematically investigate the phonon dispersion of monolayer graphene across several Brillouin zones (BZs) using momentum-resolved vibrational spectroscopy and find that the optical phonon signals vanish at the $\mathrm{\Gamma }$ points with indices ($hk0$) satisfying $h+2k=3n$ ($n$ denoted integers). Theoretical analysis reveals that the observed phenomena arise from the complete destructive interference of the scattered waves from different basis atoms. This observation, corroborated by the study of diamond, should be a general characteristic of materials composed of symmetrically equivalent pairs of the same elements. Moreover, our results emphasize the importance of multiple scattering in interpreting the vibrational signals in bulk materials. We demonstrate that the systematic absences and dynamic effects, which have not been much appreciated before, offer new insights into the experimental assessment of local vibrational properties of materials.

Synchronization, which is caused by mutual coupling, and turnover, which is the replacement of old components with new ones, are observed in various open systems consisting of many components. Although these phenomena can co-occur, the interplay of coupling and turnover has been overlooked. Here, we analyze coupled phase oscillators with turnover and reveal that two distinct transitions occur, depending on both coupling and turnover: desynchronization and what we name stochastic oscillation quenching. Importantly, the latter requires both the turnover and coupling to be sufficiently intense.

The inherent irreversibility of quantum dynamics for open systems poses a significant barrier to the inversion of unknown quantum processes. To tackle this challenge, we propose the framework of virtual combs that exploits the unknown process iteratively with additional classical postprocessing to simulate the process inverse. Notably, we demonstrate that an $n$-slot virtual comb can exactly reverse a depolarizing channel with one unknown noise parameter out of $n+1$ potential candidates, and a 1-slot virtual comb can exactly reverse an arbitrary pair of quantum channels. We further explore the approximate inversion of an unknown channel within a given channel set. A worst-case error decay of $\mathcal{O}(n^{-1})$ is unveiled for depolarizing channels within a specified noise region. Moreover, we show that virtual combs can universally reverse unitary operations and investigate the trade-off between the slot number and the sampling overhead.

We perform the first nonlinear and self-consistent study of the merger and ringdown of a black hole mimicking object with stable light rings. To that end, we numerically solve the full Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations governing the head-on collisions of a series of binary boson stars in the large-mass-ratio regime resulting in spinning horizonless remnants with stable light rings. We broadly confirm the appearance of features in the extracted gravitational waveforms expected based on perturbative methods: the signal from the prompt response of the remnants approaches that of a Kerr black hole in the large-compactness limit, and the subsequent emissions contain periodically appearing bursts akin to so-called gravitational wave echoes. However, these bursts occur at high frequencies and are sourced by perturbations of the remnant’s internal degrees of freedom. Furthermore, the emitted waveforms also contain a large-amplitude and long-lived component comparable in frequency to black hole quasinormal modes. We further characterize the emissions, obtain basic scaling relations of relevant timescales, and compute the energy emitted in gravitational waves.

We show that strong subadditivity provides a simple derivation of the $g$ theorem for the boundary renormalization group flow in two-dimensional conformal field theories. We work out its holographic interpretation and also give a derivation of the $g$ theorem for the case of an interface in two-dimensional conformal field theories. We also geometrically confirm strong subadditivity for holographic duals of conformal field theories on manifolds with boundaries.

The best way to probe $CP$ violation in the lepton sector is with long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiments in the appearance mode: the appearance of ${\nu }_e$ in predominantly ${\nu }_{\mu }$ beams. Here we show that it is possible to discover $CP$ violation with disappearance experiments only, by combining JUNO for electron neutrinos and DUNE or Hyper-Kamiokande for muon neutrinos. While the maximum sensitivity to discover $CP$ is quite modest ($1.6\sigma$ with 6 years of JUNO and 13 years of DUNE), some values of $\delta$ may be disfavored by $>3\sigma$ depending on the true value of $\delta$.

Statistical combinations of searches for charginos and neutralinos using various decay channels are performed using $139{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Searches targeting pure-wino chargino pair production, pure-wino chargino-neutralino production, or Higgsino production decaying via standard model $W$, $Z$, or $h$ bosons are combined to extend the mass reach to the produced supersymmetric particles by 30–100 GeV. The depth of the sensitivity of the original searches is also improved by the combinations, lowering the 95% C.L. cross-section upper limits by 15%–40%.

We present a novel technique to probe electroweak nuclear properties by measuring parity violation (PV) in single molecular ions in a Penning trap. The trap’s strong magnetic field Zeeman shifts opposite-parity rotational and hyperfine molecular states into near degeneracy. The weak interaction-induced mixing between these degenerate states can be larger than in atoms by more than 12 orders of magnitude, thereby vastly amplifying PV effects. The single molecule sensitivity would be suitable for applications to nuclei across the nuclear chart, including rare and unstable nuclei.

Accurate description of nonadiabatic dynamics of molecules at metal surfaces involving electron transfer has been a long-standing challenge for theory. Here, we tackle this problem by first constructing high-dimensional neural network diabatic potentials including state crossings determined by constrained density functional theory, then applying mixed quantum-classical surface hopping simulations to evolve coupled electron-nuclear motion. Our approach accurately describes the nonadiabatic effects in CO scattering from Au(111) without empirical parameters and yields results agreeing well with experiments under various conditions for this benchmark system. We find that both adiabatic and nonadiabatic energy loss channels have important contributions to the vibrational relaxation of highly vibrationally excited $\mathrm{CO}(v_{\mathrm{i}}=17)$, whereas relaxation of low vibrationally excited states of $\mathrm{CO}(v_{\mathrm{i}}=2)$ is weak and dominated by nonadiabatic energy loss. The presented approach paves the way for accurate first-principles simulations of electron transfer mediated nonadiabatic dynamics at metal surfaces.

Solving the Hamiltonian of a system yields the energy dispersion and eigenstates. The geometric phase of the eigenstates generates many novel effects and potential applications. However, the geometric properties of the energy dispersion go unheeded. Here, we provide geometric insight into energy dispersion and introduce a geometric amplitude, namely, the geometric density of states (GDOS) determined by the Riemann curvature of the constant-energy contour. The geometric amplitude should accompany various local responses, which are generally formulated by the real-space Green’s function. Under the stationary phase approximation, the GDOS simplifies the Green’s function into its ultimate form. In particular, the amplitude factor embodies the spinor phase information of the eigenstates, favoring the extraction of the spin texture for topological surface states under an in-plane magnetic field through spin-polarized STM measurements. This work opens a new avenue for exploring the geometric properties of electronic structures and excavates the unexplored potential of spin-polarized STM measurements to probe the spinor phase information of eigenstates from their amplitudes.

The $5d^1$ ordered double perovskites present an exotic playground for studying novel multipolar physics due to large spin-orbit coupling. We present Re $L_3$ edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) results that reveal the presence of the dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in the ${\mathrm{A}}_2{\mathrm{MgReO}}_6$ ($\mathrm{A}=\mathrm{Ca}$, Sr, Ba) family of $5d^1$ double perovskites. The spin-orbit excitations in these materials show a strongly asymmetric line shape and exhibit substantial temperature dependence, indicating that they are dressed with lattice vibrations. Our experimental results are explained quantitatively through a RIXS calculation based on a spin-orbit-lattice entangled electronic ground state with the dynamic Jahn-Teller effect taken into consideration. We find that the spin-orbit-lattice entangled state is robust against magnetic and structural phase transitions as well as against significant static Jahn-Teller distortions. Our results illustrate the importance of including vibronic coupling for a complete description of the ground state physics of $5d^1$ double perovskites.

Nonequilibrium phase transitions are notably difficult to analyze because their mechanisms depend on the system’s dynamics in a complex way due to the lack of time-reversal symmetry. To complicate matters, the system’s steady-state distribution is unknown in general. Here, the phase diagram of the active Model B is computed with a deep neural network implementation of the geometric minimum action method (gMAM). This approach unveils the unconventional reaction paths and nucleation mechanism in dimensions 1, 2, and 3, by which the system switches between the homogeneous and inhomogeneous phases in the binodal region. Our main findings are (i) the mean time to escape the phase-separated state is (exponentially) extensive in the system size $L$, but it increases nonmonotonically with $L$ in dimension 1; (ii) the mean time to escape the homogeneous state is always finite, in line with the recent work of Cates and Nardini [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 098203 (2023)]; (iii) at fixed $L$, the active term increases the stability of the homogeneous phase, eventually destroying the phase separation in the binodal for large but finite systems. Our results are particularly relevant for active matter systems in which the number of constituents hardly goes beyond ${10}^7$ and where finite-size effects matter.

We provide a first principles derivation of the microscopic entropy of a very general class of supersymmetric, rotating, and accelerating black holes in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_4$. This is achieved by analyzing the large-$N$ limit of the spindle index and completes the construction of the first example of a holographic duality involving supersymmetric field theories defined on orbifolds with conical singularities.

We present a novel approach for measuring the differential static scalar polarizability of a target ion utilizing a “polarizability scale” scheme with a reference ion co-trapped in a linear Paul trap. The differential static scalar polarizability of the target ion can be precisely extracted by measuring the ratio of the ac Stark shifts induced by an add-on infrared laser shed on both ions. This method circumvents the need for the calibration of the intensity of the add-on laser, which is usually the bottleneck for measurements of the polarizability of trapped ions. As a demonstration, ${}^{27}{\mathrm{Al}}^{+}$ (the target ion) and ${}^{40}{\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ (the reference ion) are used in this work, with an add-on laser at 1068 nm injected into the ion trap along the trap axis. The differential static scalar polarizability of ${}^{27}{\mathrm{Al}}^{+}$ is extracted to be 0.416(14) a.u. by measuring the ratio of the ac Stark shifts of both ions. Compared to the most recent result [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 033201 (2019)], the relative uncertainty of the differential static scalar polarizability of ${}^{27}{\mathrm{Al}}^{+}$ is reduced by approximately a factor of 4, to 3.4%. This improvement is expected to be further enhanced by using an add-on laser with a longer wavelength.

Plane-wave electrons undergo momentum transfer as they scatter off a target in overlapping spherical waves. The transferred momentum leads to target structural information to be encoded in angle and energy differential scattering. For symmetric, periodic, or structured targets this can engender diffraction in the electron intensity both in real and momentum space. With the example of elastic scattering from a ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecule we show these simultaneous diffraction signatures. Simulated angle-momentum diffractograms can be imaged in experiments with a two-dimensional detector and an energy-tunable electron gun. The result may inspire the invention of technology to extend scopes of electron diffraction studies, open a track of electron crystallography using the momentum-differential diffraction, and motivate research about controlling the time delay between the pump laser pulse and probe electron pulse by tuning the electron impact speed in ultrafast electron diffraction experiments.