Chiral organic-inorganic hybrids combining chirality of organic molecules and semiconducting properties of inorganic frameworks generate chiral excitons without external spin injection, creating the potential for chiroptoelectronics. However, the relationship between molecular chirality and exciton chirality is still unclear. Here we show the strain-amplified exciton chirality in one-dimensional chiral metal halides. Utilizing chirality-induced spin-orbital coupling theory, we quantitatively demonstrate the impact of the strain-engineered molecular assembly of chiral cations on exciton chirality, offering a feasible way to amplify exciton chirality by molecular manipulation.

The flow rate of a granulate out of a cylindrical container is studied as a function of particle shape for flat and elongated ellipsoids experimentally and numerically. We find a nonmonotonic dependence of the flow rate on the grain aspect ratio $a/b$. Starting from spheres the flow rate grows and has two maxima around the aspect ratios of $a/b\approx 0.6$ (lentil-like ellipsoids) and $a/b\approx 1.5$ (ricelike ellipsoids) reaching a flow rate increase of about 15% for lentils compared to spheres. For even more anisometric shapes ($a/b=0.25$ and $a/b=4$) the flow rate drops. Our results reveal two contributing factors to the nonmonotonic nature of the flow rate: both the packing fraction and the particle velocity through the orifice are nonmonotonic functions of the grain shape. Thus, particles with slightly nonspherical shapes not only form a better packing in the silo but also move faster through the orifice than spheres. We also show that the resistance of the granulate against shearing increases with aspect ratio for both elongated and flat particles; thus change in the effective friction of the granulate due to changing particle shape does not coincide with the trend in the flow rate.

The nonequilibrium fluctuation relation is a cornerstone of quantum thermodynamics. It is widely believed that the system-bath heat exchange obeys the famous Jarzynski-Wójcik fluctuation theorem. However, this theorem is established in the Born-Markovian approximation under the weak-coupling condition. Via studying the energy exchange between a harmonic oscillator and its coupled bath in the non-Markovian dynamics, we establish a generalized quantum fluctuation theorem for energy exchange being valid for arbitrary coupling strength. The Jarzynski-Wójcik fluctuation theorem is recovered in the weak-coupling limit. We also find the average energy exchange exhibits rich nonequilibrium characteristics when different numbers of system-bath bound states are formed, which suggests a useful way to control the quantum heat. Deepening our understanding of the fluctuation relation in quantum thermodynamics, our result lays the foundation to design high-efficiency quantum heat engines.

We study the interplay between measurement-induced dynamics and conditional unitary evolution in quantum systems. We numerically and analytically investigate commuting random measurement and feed forward (MFF) processes and find a sharp transition in their ability to generate entanglement negativity as the number of MFF channels varies. We also establish a direct connection between these findings and transitions induced by random dephasing from an environment with broken time-reversal symmetry. In one variant of the problem, we employ free probability theory to rigorously prove the transition’s existence. Furthermore, these MFF processes have dynamic circuit representations that can be experimentally explored on current quantum computing platforms.

There are two types of universality in measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC): strict and computational. It is well known that the former is stronger than the latter. We present a method of transforming from a certain type of computationally universal MBQC to a strictly universal one. Our method simply replaces a single qubit in a resource state with a Pauli-$Y$ eigenstate. We applied our method to show that hypergraph states can be made strictly universal with only Pauli measurements, while only computationally universal hypergraph states were known.

Encoding logical qubits in bosonic modes provides a potentially hardware-efficient implementation of fault-tolerant quantum information processing. Here, we demonstrate high-fidelity and deterministic preparation of highly nonclassical bosonic states in the mechanical motion of a trapped ion. Our approach implements error-suppressing pulses through optimized dynamical modulation of laser-driven spin-motion interactions to generate the target state in a single step. We demonstrate logical fidelities for the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill state as high as $\overline{\mathcal{F}}=0.940(8)$, a distance-3 binomial state with an average fidelity of $\mathcal{F}=0.807(7)$, and a 12.91(5) dB squeezed vacuum state.

The CNO cycle is one of the most important nuclear energy sources in stars. At temperatures of hydrostatic H-burning ($20\mathrm{MK}<T<80\mathrm{MK}$) the ${}^{17}\mathrm{O}(p,\gamma ){}^{18}\mathrm{F}$ reaction rate is dominated by the poorly constrained 64.5 keV resonance. Here, we report on the first direct measurements of its resonance strength and of the direct capture contribution at 142 keV, performed with a new high sensitivity setup at LUNA. The present resonance strength of $\omega {\gamma }_{(p,\gamma )}^{\mathrm{bare}}=(30\pm 6_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm 2_{\mathrm{syst}})\mathrm{peV}$ is about a factor of 2 higher than the values in literature, leading to a ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_p^{\mathrm{bare}}=(34\pm 7_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm 3_{\mathrm{syst}})\mathrm{neV}$, in agreement with the LUNA result from the $(p,\alpha )$ channel. Such agreement strengthens our understanding of the oxygen isotopic ratios measured in red giant stars and in O-rich presolar grains.

Recent experiments reported that quantum Hall chiral edge state-mediated Josephson junctions (chiral Josephson junctions) could exhibit Fraunhofer oscillations with a periodicity of either $h/e$ [Vignaud et al., Nature (London) 624, 545 (2023)] or $h/2e$ [Amet et al., Science 352, 966 (2016)]. While the $h/e$-periodic component of the supercurrent had been anticipated theoretically before, the emergence of the $h/2e$ periodicity is still not fully understood. In this Letter, we systematically study the Fraunhofer oscillations of chiral Josephson junctions. In chiral Josephson junctions, the chiral edge states coupled to the superconductors become chiral Andreev edge states. We find that in short junctions, the coupling of the chiral Andreev edge states can trigger the $h/2e$-magnetic flux periodicity. Our theory resolves the important puzzle concerning the appearance of the $h/2e$ periodicity in chiral Josephson junctions. Furthermore, we explain that when the chiral Andreev edge states couple, a pair of localized Majorana zero modes appear at the ends of the Josephson junction, which are robust and independent of the phase difference between the two superconductors. As the $h/2e$ periodicity and the Majorana zero modes have the same physical origin in the wide junction limit, the Fraunhofer oscillation period could be useful in identifying the regime with Majorana zero modes.

Compensated synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) stand out as promising candidates to explore various spintronic applications, benefitting from high precession frequency and negligible stray field. High-frequency antiferromagnetic resonance in SAFs, especially the optic mode (OM), is highly desired to attain fast operation speed in antiferromagnetic spintronic devices. SAFs exhibit ferromagnetic configurations above saturation field; however in that case, the intensity of OM is theoretically zero and hard to be detected in well-established microwave resonance experiments. To expose the hidden OM, the exchange symmetry between magnetic layers must be broken, inevitably introducing remanent magnetization. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a feasible method to break the symmetry via surface acoustic waves with the maintenance of compensated SAF structure. By introducing an out-of-plane strain gradient inside the Ir-mediated SAFs, we successfully reveal the hidden OM. Remarkably, the OM intensity can be effectively modulated by controlling strain gradients in SAFs with different thicknesses, confirmed by finite-element simulations. Our findings provide a feasible scheme for detecting the concealed OM, which would trigger future discoveries in magnon-phonon coupling and hybrid quasiparticle systems.

For many years, ${\mathrm{CoNb}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_6$ has served as an exemplar of the one-dimensional Ising model. However, recent experimental and theoretical analyses challenge its applicability to this material. Prior to that, a tailored spin model for $3{\mathrm{d}}^7$ systems such as ${\mathrm{Co}}^{2+}$, known as the $JK\mathrm{\Gamma }$ model, has emerged, featuring Heisenberg ($J$), Kitaev ($K$), and Gamma ($\mathrm{\Gamma }$) interactions. While these interactions are permitted by the symmetry of the system, their role in ${\mathrm{CoNb}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_6$ remains enigmatic. We present a microscopic theory based on spin-orbit entangled ${\text{J}}_{\mathrm{eff}}=1/2$ states, aimed at elucidating the roles of Kitaev and Gamma interactions in shaping Ising anisotropy. Leveraging strong coupling theory, we identify a dominant ferromagnetic Kitaev interaction. Furthermore, by comparing dynamical structure factors obtained via exact diagonalization with those from inelastic neutron scattering experiments, we find an antiferromagnetic $\mathrm{\Gamma }$ interaction, which dictates the Ising axis and explains the mechanism behind moment pinning. Our theory provides a microscopic origin for Ising behavior in spin-orbit coupled one-dimensional chains and posits ${\mathrm{CoNb}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_6$ as a rare Kitaev chain.

Heterostructures of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides are emerging as a promising platform for investigating exotic correlated states of matter. Here, we propose to engineer Bose-Fermi mixtures in these systems by coupling interlayer excitons to doped charges in a trilayer structure. Their interactions are determined by the interlayer trion, whose spin-selective nature allows excitons to mediate an attractive interaction between charge carriers of only one spin species. Remarkably, we find that this causes the system to become unstable to topological $p+ip$ superconductivity at low temperatures. We then demonstrate a general mechanism to develop and control this unconventional state by tuning the trion binding energy using a solid-state Feshbach resonance.

Finding optimal trajectories for multiple traffic demands in a congested network is a challenging task. Optimal transport theory is a principled approach that has been used successfully to study various transportation problems. Its usage is limited by the lack of principled and flexible ways to incorporate realistic constraints. We propose a principled physics-based approach to impose constraints flexibly in optimal transport problems. Constraints are included in mirror descent dynamics using the D’Alembert-Lagrange principle from classical mechanics. This results in a sparse, local and linear approximation of the feasible set leading in many cases to closed-form updates.

Chemically active colloids or enzymes cluster into dense droplets driven by their phoretic response to collectively generated chemical gradients. Employing Brownian dynamics simulation techniques, our study of the dynamics of such a chemically active droplet uncovers a rich variety of structures and dynamical properties, including the full range of fluidlike to solidlike behavior, and non-Gaussian positional fluctuations. Our work sheds light on the complex dynamics of the active constituents of metabolic clusters, which are the main drivers of nonequilibrium activity in living systems.

In circuit and cavity quantum electrodynamics devices where control qubits are dispersively coupled to high-quality-factor cavities, characteristic functions of cavity states can be directly probed with conditional displacement (CD) gates. In this Letter, I propose a method to certify non-Gaussian entanglement between cavities using only CD gates and qubit readouts. The CD witness arises from an application of Bochner’s theorem to a surprising connection between two negativities: that of the reduced Wigner function, and that of the partial transpose. Non-Gaussian entanglement of some common states, like entangled cats and photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacua, can be detected by measuring as few as four points of the characteristic function. Furthermore, the expectation value of the witness is a simultaneous lower bound to the Wigner negativity volume and a geometric measure of entanglement conjectured to be the partial transpose negativity. Both negativities are strong monotones of non-Gaussianity and entanglement, respectively, so the CD witness provides experimentally accessible lower bounds to quantities related to these monotones without the need for tomography on the cavity states.

This Letter presents results of a search for the mixing of a sub-eV sterile neutrino with three active neutrinos based on the full data sample of the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, collected during 3158 days of detector operation, which contains $5.55\times {10}^6$ reactor ${\overline{\nu }}_e$ candidates identified as inverse beta-decay interactions followed by neutron capture on gadolinium. The analysis benefits from a doubling of the statistics of our previous result and from improvements of several important systematic uncertainties. No significant oscillation due to mixing of a sub-eV sterile neutrino with active neutrinos was found. Exclusion limits are set by both Feldman-Cousins and CLs methods. Light sterile neutrino mixing with ${\sin }^{2}2{\theta }_{14}\gtrsim 0.01$ can be excluded at 95% confidence level in the region of $0.01{\mathrm{eV}}^2\lesssim |\mathrm{\Delta }{m}_{41}^2|\lesssim 0.1{\mathrm{eV}}^2$. This result represents the world-leading constraints in the region of $2\times {10}^{-4}{\mathrm{eV}}^2\lesssim |\mathrm{\Delta }{m}_{41}^2|\lesssim 0.2{\mathrm{eV}}^2$.