Polar diagram of instability locations in wave vector space for a plasma lattice penetrated by a charged particle beam, for four different beam velocities. The blue lines are longitudinal instabilities, with orange-red for transverse. The instabilities pass through shaded areas denoting gaps (longitudinal blue, transverse pink) where no instability can develop.
From the article:
Beam-Plasma Instabilities in a 2D Yukawa LatticeS. Kyrkos, G. J. Kalman, and M. Rosenberg
Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 225006 (2009)
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