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Opposition flow control for reducing skin-friction drag of a turbulent boundary layer

Giulio Dacome1,*, Robin Mörsch2, Marios Kotsonis1,†, and Woutijn J. Baars1,‡

  • 1Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
  • 2Institute of Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany

  • *g.dacome@tudelft.nl
  • †m.kotsonis@tudelft.nl
  • ‡w.j.baars@tudelft.nl
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 9, 064602 – Published 6 June, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.064602

Abstract

This work explores the dynamic response of a turbulent boundary layer to large-scale reactive opposition control, at a friction Reynolds number of Reτ≈2240. A surface-mounted hot-film is employed as the input sensor, capturing large-scale fluctuations in the wall-shear stress, and actuation is performed with a single on/off wall-normal blowing jet positioned 2.4δ downstream of the input sensor, operating with an exit velocity of vj=0.4U∞. Our study builds upon the work of Abbassi et al. [Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 67, 30 (2017)] and includes a control-calibration experiment and a performance assessment using PIV- and PTV-based flow field analyses. With the control-off calibration-experiment conducted a priori, a transfer kernel is identified so that the velocity fluctuations that are to-be-controlled can be estimated. The controller targets large-scale high-speed zones in an “opposing” mode and low-speed zones in a “reinforcing” mode. A desynchronized mode was tested for reference and consisted of a statistically similar control mode, but without synchronization to the incoming velocity fluctuations. An energy-attenuation of about 40 % is observed for the opposing control mode in the frequency band corresponding to the passage of large-scale motions. This proves the effectiveness of the control in targeting large-scale motions: an energy-intensification of roughly 45% occurs for the reinforcing control mode instead, while no change in energy, within the wall-normal range targeted, appears with the desynchronized control mode. Moreover, direct measures of the skin-friction drag are inferred from PTV data. Results indicate that the opposing control logic yields the lowest wall-shear stress (3% lower than the desynchronized control, and 10% lower than the uncontrolled flow). Finally, a FIK-decomposition of the skin-friction coefficient revealed that the off-the-wall turbulence follows a consistent trend with the PTV-based wall-shear stress measurements, although biased by an increased shear in the wake of the boundary layer given the formation of a plume due to the jet-in-crossflow actuation.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 9, 064602– Published 6 June, 2024
  • Received 6 September 2023
  • Accepted 12 April 2024
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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