Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation

    Singular jets and entrapments from compound drop impact

    Zeyang Mou1,2,*, Zheng Zheng1,3,4, Zhen Jian1, Carlo Antonini5, Christophe Josserand6, and Marie-Jean Thoraval1,6,7,†

    • 1State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, International Center for Applied Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
    • 2Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
    • 3Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering (iMMC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
    • 4I2M UMR CNRS 5295, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
    • 5Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
    • 6Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), UMR 7646 CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
    • 7Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia

    • *Contact author: zmou@connect.ust.hk
    • †Contact author: marie-jean.thoraval@polytechnique.edu

    Phys. Rev. Fluids 11, 013602 – Published 12 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/sdqh-kfcq

    Abstract

    Compound drops impacting on a solid surface play an important role in industrial applications, such as combustion, the food industry, and drug encapsulation. An intriguing phenomenon associated with this process is the occurrence of singular jets that are up to dozens of times faster than the impact velocity. These jets break into microdroplets, which can produce aerosols and affect the quality of printing technologies. The collapsing dynamics directly determine the cavity geometry, jet velocity, and entrapments. Here, we investigate experimentally and numerically the jetting process after a coaxial water-in-oil compound drop impacts onto a glass substrate with different releasing heights and volumetric ratios. After impact, the water core spreads and retracts, giving rise to a vertical jet initially made of oil. For certain values of the impacting velocity, high-speed and very thin jets are observed, the so-called singular jets. Depending on the volumetric ratio, one or two velocity peaks can be observed when varying the impact velocity, triggered by the contraction dynamics of a deep and cylindrical cavity. The self-similar time-evolution of the collapse for the first singularity regime follows a 1/2 power law in time, which can be derived from bubble pinch-off. In contrast, the collapse at the second peak follows a 2/3 power law, which can be accounted for by a balance between inertial and capillary forces.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    Authorization Required

    We need you to provide your credentials before accessing this content.

    Supplemental Material (Subscription Required)

    References (Subscription Required)

    Outline

    Information

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation