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    Energy spectra and fluxes of two-dimensional turbulent quantum droplets

    Shawan Kumar Jha1, Mahendra K. Verma2, S. I. Mistakidis3, and Pankaj Kumar Mishra1,*

    • *Contact author: pankaj.mishra@iitg.ac.in

    Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 064618 – Published 25 June, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/pj6n-3w6p

    Abstract

    We explore the energy spectra and associated fluxes of turbulent two-dimensional quantum droplets subjected to a rotating paddling potential which is removed after a few oscillation periods. A systematic analysis on the impact of the characteristics (height and velocity) of the rotating potential and the droplet atom number reveals the emergence of different dynamical response regimes. These are classified by utilizing the second-order sign correlation function and the ratio of incompressible versus compressible kinetic energies. They involve vortex configurations ranging from vortex dipoles to vortex clusters and randomly distributed vortex-antivortex pairs. The incompressible kinetic energy spectrum features Kolmogorov (k−5/3) and Vinen-like (k−1) scaling in the infrared regime, while a k−3 decay in the ultraviolet captures the presence of vortices. The compressible spectrum shows k−3/2 scaling within the infrared and k power law in the case of enhanced sound-wave emission suggesting thermalization. Significant distortions are observed in the droplet periphery in the presence of a harmonic trap. A direct energy cascade (from large to small length scales) is mainly identified through the flux. Our findings offer insights into the turbulent response of exotic phases of matter, featuring quantum fluctuations, and may inspire investigations aiming to unravel self-similar nonequilibrium dynamics.

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