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    Cooperative and competitive hyperorder interactions nonlinearly reshape the collective dynamics in complex networks

    Yi-peng Hu1, Dong Yu2, Xue-qin Wang1, Tian-yu Li1, Xue-ning Li1, and Ya Jia1,*

    • *Contact author: jiay@ccnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. E 113, 054308 – Published 18 May, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zzn7-mn56

    Abstract

    Higher-order interactions have recently emerged as key determinants of collective dynamics in complex networks, driving phenomena such as synchronization and multistability. However, how different higher-order groups interact and jointly shape global behavior remains poorly understood. Here, we introduce the model of hyperorder interactions (HpOI), a framework that captures competitive and cooperative couplings between higher-order groups. Using numerical simulations of real-world networks (neural, social, and natural systems) and theoretical analysis based on the Ott-Antonsen method, we reveal a nonmonotonic effect of HpOI on synchronization stability. Cooperative HpOI consistently enlarges the synchronization region. By contrast, the effect of competitive HpOI depends on the overlap among higher-order groups: under low overlap, strong competition can also enhance synchronization stability, whereas under high overlap, it suppresses global synchronization. This work incorporates coupling between higher-order groups into higher-order networks and provides insights into structure-function coupling within real-world systems.

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