Multiscale discrete Maxwell boundary condition for the discrete unified gas-kinetic scheme for all Knudsen number flows
Phys. Rev. E 112, 045316 – Published 22 October, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/y638-3f1d
Abstract
In this paper, a multiscale boundary condition for the discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (DUGKS) is developed for gas flows in all flow regimes. Based on the discrete Maxwell boundary condition (DMBC), this study addresses the limitations of the original DMBC used in DUGKS. Specifically, it is found that the DMBC produces spurious velocity slip and temperature jump, which are proportional to the mesh size and the momentum accommodation coefficient. The proposed multiscale DMBC is implemented by ensuring that the reflected original distribution function excludes collision effects. Theoretical analyses and several numerical tests show that the multiscale DMBC can achieve exactly the nonslip and nonjump conditions in the continuum limit and accurately captures nonequilibrium phenomena across a wide range of Knudsen numbers. The results demonstrate that the DUGKS with the multiscale DMBC can work properly for wall boundary conditions in all flow regimes with a fixed discretization in both space and time, without limitations on the thickness of the Knudsen layer and relaxation time.
