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    Empirical study of bidirectional pedestrian flow in angled corridors: Effects of flow ratio and geometry

    Weiying Chen, Rui Wang, Junheng Yang*, Xiaodong Zang, and Qiang Luo

    • School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangzhou University, 230 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China

    • *Contact author: yjhq@gzhu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. E 114, 044135 – Published 22 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xh94-mfct

    Abstract

    Understanding bidirectional pedestrian movement in angled corridors is important for pedestrian facility design and crowd management. This study presents controlled laboratory experiments with 48 participants. The experiments cover six corridor angles from 0∘ to 90∘ and four flow-ratio conditions (6:0, 5:1, 4:2, and 3:3). Individual trajectories are analyzed to characterize lane formation, phase proportions, lane number, lane entropy, and movement performance. Self-organized lanes emerge across the tested bidirectional conditions. The balanced 3:3 flow generally exhibits clearly separated counterflow lanes. Its Phase 3 (full bidirectional flow) proportion exceeds that of the highly unbalanced 5:1 flow at four of the six angles. Their proportions are comparable at 0∘, and the ordering reverses at 60∘. The mean lane-entropy difference between these flows is larger at 75∘ and 90∘ than at 0∘−60∘. Thus, their lateral occupancy dispersion differs more at the two largest angles. Longitudinal velocity components generally decrease with corridor angle, while lateral components increase. Crossing time and traffic efficiency show no uniform monotonic trend. These findings suggest that the relationship between flow ratio and lateral lane organization depends on corridor geometry.

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