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    Generic method for integrating Lindblad master equations

    Jiayin Gu1,* and Fan Zhang2,3,†

    • *Contact author: gujiayin@njnu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: van314159@pku.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. E 112, 044106 – Published 3 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vnhp-fnl3

    Abstract

    The time evolution of Markovian open quantum systems is governed by Lindblad master equations, whose solution can be formally written as the Lindbladian exponential acting on the initial density matrix. By expanding this Lindbladian exponential into the Taylor series, we propose a generic method for integrating Lindblad master equations. In this method, the series is truncated, retaining a finite number of terms, and the iterative actions of Lindbladian on the density matrix follow the corresponding master equation. Our method offers significant improvements in numerical efficiencies both in memory cost and computation time, especially for systems with many degrees of freedom. Moreover, our proposed method can be integrated seamlessly with tensor networks. Two illustrative examples, a two-level system exhibiting damped Rabi oscillations and a driven dissipative Heisenberg chain, are used to demonstrate the validity of our method. The superiority of our method is benchmarked with detailed performance tests.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    Corrections

    6 November, 2025

    Correction: The affiliation indicators for the second author were set incorrectly during the production cycle and have been fixed.

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