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    Zonal magnetic fields regulate nonlinear edge-localized-mode dynamics via self-consistent force balance

    Nami Li*, Xueqiao Xu, Ben Dudson, Rob Falgout, and Giorgis Georgakoudis

    • *Contact author: li55@llnl.gov

    Phys. Rev. E 113, 065204 – Published 8 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/txpw-j2xx

    Abstract

    Edge-localized modes (ELMs) eject intense bursts of heat and particles that threaten plasma-facing components in fusion reactors. Nonlinear full-torus BOUT++ simulations show that turbulence-driven zonal magnetic fields (ZMFs) play an essential role in nonlinear ELM evolution by maintaining self-consistent force balance. Zonal flows mitigate the initial crash through shear but do not prevent continued radial transport. When ZMFs are self-consistently included, turbulence-driven zonal currents modify the parallel current distribution and magnetic tension and are associated with a reduction of the axisymmetric (n=0) perturbed radial force imbalance. This coincides with a transition from convective, bursty propagation to more localized, diffusive transport. Similar behavior is observed across the regimes considered, including both resistive-ballooning and peeling-ballooning cases. Associated signatures, including radial electric field shear and parallel current redistribution, provide experimentally accessible diagnostics for present devices and ITER-relevant conditions.

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