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    Percolation of random compact diamond-shaped systems on the square lattice

    Charles S. do Amaral1,*, Mateus G. Soares2, and Robert M. Ziff3

    • *Contact author: charlesmat@cefetmg.br

    Phys. Rev. E 113, 024303 – Published 3 February, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/g341-fb8x

    Abstract

    We study site percolation on a square lattice with random compact diamond-shaped neighborhoods. Each site s is connected to others within a neighborhood in the shape of a diamond of radius rs, where rs is uniformly chosen from the set {i,i+1,...,m} with i≤m. The model is analyzed for all values of i=0,...,7 and m=i,...,10, where z¯(i,m) denotes the average number of neighbors per site and pc(i,m) is the critical percolation threshold. For each fixed i, the product z¯(i,m)pc(i,m) is found to converge to a constant as m→∞. Such behavior is expected when i=m (single diamond sizes), for which the product z(i)pc(i) tends toward 2dηc, where ηc is the continuum percolation threshold for diamond-shaped regions or aligned squares in two dimensions (d=2). This case is further examined for i=1,...,10, and the expected convergence is confirmed. The particular case i=m was first studied numerically by Gouker and Family in 1983. We also study the relation to systems of deposited diamond-shaped objects on a square lattice. For monodisperse diamonds of radius r, there is a direct mapping to percolation with a diamond-shaped neighborhood of radius 2r+1, but when there is a distribution of object sizes, there is no such mapping. We study the case of the deposition of mixtures of diamonds of radius r=0 and r=1, and contrast it with the (i,m)=(1,2) model and also the continuum percolation of disks of two sizes.

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