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  • Letter

Active matter flocking via predictive alignment

Julian Giraldo-Barreto* and Viktor Holubec†

  • Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic

  • *Contact author: julian.giraldob@matfyz.cuni.cz
  • †Contact author: viktor.holubec@matfyz.cuni.cz

Phys. Rev. E 112, L032103 – Published 17 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fv6f-r9w9

Abstract

Understanding collective self-organization in active matter, such as bird flocks and fish schools, remains a grand challenge in physics. Interactions that induce alignment are essential for flocking; however, alignment alone is generally insufficient to maintain group cohesion in the presence of noise, leading traditional models to introduce artificial boundaries or explicit attractive forces. Here we propose a model that achieves cohesive flocking through predictive alignment, in which agents predict their own future positions for each possible reorientation and adopt the orientation that maximizes a compromise between the number of neighbors and the degree of alignment with them. Implemented in a discrete-time Vicsek-type framework, this approach delivers robust, noise-resistant cohesion without additional parameters. In the stable regime, flock size scales linearly with interaction radius, remaining nearly immune to noise or propulsion speed, and the group coherently follows a leader under noise. These findings reveal how predictive strategies enhance self-organization, paving the way for a new class of active matter models blending physics and cognitivelike dynamics.

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