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    Moment analysis of two-dimensional active Brownian run-and-tumble particles

    Aoran Sun1,2,*, Da Wei1, Yiyu Zhang1,2, Fangfu Ye1,2,3,†, and Rudolf Podgornik1,2,3,4,‡

    • *Contact author: sunaoran16@mails.ucas.ac.cn
    • †Contact author: fye@iphy.ac.cn
    • ‡Deceased.

    Phys. Rev. E 112, 044133 – Published 20 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/f5jz-4jv9

    Abstract

    We study an active Brownian run-and-tumble particle (ABRTP) model that consists of an active Brownian run state, during which the active velocity of the particle diffuses on the unit circle, and a tumble state, during which the active velocity is zero, both with exponentially distributed time. Additionally, we add a harmonic trap as an external potential. In the appropriate limits the ABRTP model reduces either to the active Brownian particle model or the run-and-tumble particle model. Using the method of direct integration the equation of motion, pioneered by Kac, we obtain exact moments for the Laplace transform of the time-dependent ABRTP in the presence or absence of a harmonic trap. In addition, we estimate the distribution moments with the help of the Chebyshev polynomials. Our results are in excellent agreement with the experiments.

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