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    Community detection of undirected hypergraphs by Ricci flow

    Yulu Tian

    Jicheng Ma and Yunyan Yang

    Liang Zhao*

    • School of Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems of MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    • School of Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems of MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

    • *Contact author: liangzhao@bnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. E 112, 044311 – Published 24 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/d5n8-y58m

    Abstract

    Community detection in hypergraphs is both instrumental for functional module identification and intricate due to higher-order interactions among nodes. We define a hypergraph Ricci flow that directly operates on higher-order interactions of undirected hypergraphs and proves the long-time existence of the flow. Building on this theoretical foundation, we develop HyperRCD, a Ricci-flow-based community detection approach that deforms hyperedge weights through curvature-driven evolution, which provides an effective mathematical representation of higher-order interactions mediated by weighted hyperedges between nodes. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world hypergraphs demonstrate that HyperRCD exhibits remarkable enhanced robustness to topological variations and competitive performance across diverse datasets.

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