Confinement reveals hidden splay-bend order in twist-bend nematics
Phys. Rev. E 113, 025408 – Published 5 February, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bllb-xmfh
Abstract
Using extensive Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate how spatial confinement reorganizes thin films of the twist-bend nematic (). Confinement markedly amplifies otherwise elusive splay-bend order by frustrating the three-dimensional heliconical texture of bulk . We find that a homochiral layer evolves into nonchiral splay-bend order via an interfacial smectic splay-bend-twist () band with periodically alternating handedness. Generally, for planar anchoring between parallel walls, with the helical wave vector parallel to the plates, globally polar smectic splay-bend () layers form near the surfaces. Moving inward, the interfacial stack relaxes to bulk either directly through this band or through a sequence that includes both the and the nematic splay-bend-twist () phases. The band is most pronounced at large molecular bend angles, i.e., near the boundary of the bulk phase diagram. Mode-resolved maps of elementary director distortions (splay, twist, bend, saddle-splay) corroborate this confinement-driven hierarchy. These results suggest thin-film routes to stabilize and diagnose modulated polar nematic and smectic organizations that are difficult to access in bulk.